BRMP-05. Intraoperative neural tract positioning method for the maximal safe resection of tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi224-vi224
Author(s):  
Fumio Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Eloquent Area ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Positioning Technique ◽  
Subcortical Mapping ◽  
Neural Fiber ◽  
Higher Brain Functions ◽  
Standing Problem

Abstract Brain mapping is a gold standard for the surgery of tumors in eloquent area. Especially subcortical mapping is an essential method for the preservation of important neural fibers conveying motor, sensory and even higher brain functions such as language control. The efforts to estimate the fiber localizations in brain white matter sometimes result in the unprecise identification that is caused by several factors including electrical heterogeneity of brain tissues. To solve this long-standing problem, NY Tract Finder (Yamaguchi Tract Finder) was invented and has been used for intraoperative brain mappings. Now this electrode and method is used in more than 30 major hospitals in Japan, China, Taiwan and Russia. The novel and unique neural fiber positioning technique and our efforts for the maximal preservation of patients’ QOL will be introduced.

scholarly journals Emergence Of Consciousness And Qualia From A Complex Brain

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Jakob Korf
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
General System ◽  
Resolution Power ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Higher Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Qualia are private conscious experiences of which the associated feelings can be reported to other people. Whether qualia are amenable to scientific exploration has often been questioned, which is challenged by the present article. The following arguments are given: 1. the configuration of the brain changes continuously and irreversibly, because of genetic and environmental influences and interhuman communication; 2. qualia and consciousness are processes, rather than states; 3. private feelings, including those associated with qualia, should be positioned in the context of a personal brain as being developed during life; 4. consciousness and qualia should be understood in the context of general system theory, thus concluding that isolated, in vitro, properties of neurons and other brain constituents might marginally contribute to the understanding of higher brain functions, mind or qualia; 5. current in vivo approaches have too little resolution power - in terms of space and time - to delineate individual and subjective brain processes. When subtle personalized properties of the nervous system can be assessed in vivo or in vitro, qualia can scientifically be investigated. We discuss some approaches to overcome these barriers.

scholarly journals The Gliocentric Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
Higher Brain Functions ◽  
Abnormal Brain

The Neuron Doctrine, the cornerstone of research on normal and abnormal brain functions for over a century, has failed to discern the basis of complex cognitive functions. The location and mechanisms of memory storage and recall, consciousness, and learning, remain enigmatic. The purpose of this article is to critically review the Neuron Doctrine in light of empirical data over the past three decades. Similarly, the central role of the synapse and associated neural networks, as well as ancillary hypotheses, such as gamma synchrony and cortical minicolumns, are critically examined. It is concluded that each is fundamentally flawed and that, over the past three decades, the study of non-neuronal cells, particularly astrocytes, has shown that virtually all functions ascribed to neurons are largely the result of direct or indirect actions of glia continuously interacting with neurons and neural networks. Recognition of non-neural cells in higher brain functions is extremely important. The strict adherence of purely neurocentric ideas, deeply ingrained in the great majority of neuroscientists, remains a detriment to understanding normal and abnormal brain functions. By broadening brain information processing beyond neurons, progress in understanding higher level brain functions, as well as neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, will progress beyond the impasse that has been evident for decades.

scholarly journals Cognitive profile and disorders affecting higher brain functions in paediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
E. Vaucheret Paz ◽  
A. López Ballent ◽  
C. Puga ◽  
M.J. García Basalo ◽  
F. Baliarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

Higher Brain Functions

2008 ◽  
pp. 651-666
Author(s):  
Rachel Casas ◽  
Daniel Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Functions ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

scholarly journals The necessity of studying higher brain functions from a first-person frame of reference

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Kunjumon I. Vadakkan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
First Person ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

Almost all higher brain functions are first-person properties and anyone seeking to study them faces significant difficulties. Since a third-person experimenter cannot access first-person properties, current investigations are limited to examining the latter by using third-person observations that are carried out at various levels. This limits the current studies to correlational experiments using third-person observed findings. In order to initiate a study of explanations for the first-person properties, experimental approaches should be undertaken from the first-person frame of reference. But, there is a huge barrier. I discuss my opinion for crossing this barrier using a three-stage approach – theoretical, computational and experimental – in that order. These stages will naturally lead to the gold standard of understanding the mechanism by replicating it in engineered systems. The hurdles and incentives of undertaking this approach are discussed.

Experimental manipulation of cerebral cortical areas in primates

1991 ◽  
Vol 331 (1261) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Higher Brain Functions ◽  
Synaptic Circuitry ◽  
Cytoarchitectonic Areas

The developmental mechanisms underlying the subdivision of the neocortex into structurally and functionally distinct areas is central to our understanding of the development of human cognitive capacity and the pathogenesis of congenital disorders of higher brain functions. The protomap hypothesis suggests how the cytoarchitectonic pattern of the cerebral cortex may be generated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic influences during embryonic development. Although little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this individual and species-specific diversity of cellular and synaptic architecture, experimental manipulation of development in the primate embryo provides a glimpse into the cascade of cellular events involved in the control of cell numbers, specification of neuronal phenotypes, their apportions into cytoarchitectonic areas, and establishment of area-specific synaptic circuitry.

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