scholarly journals Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) Growth Response to Partial Hardwood Overstory Release

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus.J. Puettmann ◽  
Mike R. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Partial Release

Abstract We measured the response of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings after partial release of a hardwood overstory on three sites in central Minnesota. Both height and diameter growth increased quickly after release compared to prerelease growth. Diameter growth response was related to prerelease diameter growth, but not to initial size of the sapling (diameter at time of release). On the other hand, height growth response was strongly influenced by the initial height of all trees, but not related to prerelease height growth in the largest saplings (initial heights > 8.76 m). Increased release intensity (i.e., difference between prerelease and postrelease overstory densities) resulted in higher diameter and height growth responses. The height/diameter ratios decreased after release, indicating that stability as well as growth increased after the release. North. J. Appl. For. 17(3):89–94.

scholarly journals Thinning Response of a White Pine Stand on a Reclaimed Surface Mine in Southwestern Virginia

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad N. Casselman ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
James A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Surface Mine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Productive Potential

Abstract White pine (Pinus strobus L.) is planted extensively following reclamation of surface-mined land in the eastern coalfields. Little information exists on the productive potential of forests growing on reclaimed mined land and the response of these forests to intermediate stand treatments such as thinning. A thinning study was established in a 17-year-old white pine stand growing on a reclaimed surface mine in Wise County in southwest Virginia. A random complete block design was used to evaluate the growth response 9 growing seasons after thinning, when the stand was 26 years old. Stand parameters were projected to age 30 using a stand table projection. Site index of the stand was found to be 105 ft at a base age of 50 years. Thinning increased the diameter growth of the residual trees to 0.3 in. year−1 compared with 0.2 in. year−1 for the unthinned treatment; however, at age 26, there was no difference in volume or value per acre. When projected to age 30, the unthinned treatment had a volume of 6,530 ft3 ac−1 but was only worth $3,564 ac−1, whereas the thinned treatment was projected to have 6,654 ft3 ac−1, which was worth $4,559 ac−1 due to a larger percentage of the volume in sawtimber size classes. These results indicate that commercial forestry is a viable alternative for reclamation of surface-mined lands and that stands growing on reclaimed mined land can respond well to intermediate stand treatments.

Short-term changes in Pinus strobus sapling height/diameter ratios following partial release: testing the acclimative stem-form development hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Zenner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Tree Stability ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Form Development ◽  
Partial Release

Following release, mature trees can acclimatively shift aboveground growth allocation from height to diameter at breast height (DBH) growth to adjust their stem form (reducing height/diameter ratio (HDR)) to better withstand increased wind stress. The purpose of this study was to determine if, over a 6-year period, 7- to 12-year-old eastern white pines ( Pinus strobus L.) also responded to different levels of partial release with (i) stem-form adjustments (reduced HDR) through growth-allocation shifts from height to DBH growth and (ii) lower HDR values (shorter heights) than for unreleased trees of the same DBH (“acclimative stem-form development hypothesis”). Over the 6-year postrelease period, juvenile white pine seedlings exhibited unsynchronized height and DBH growth response patterns that depended on their prerelease height growth. Height growth of faster growing white pines was temporarily reduced. Concurrently, DBH growth was enhanced with increasing release intensity. HDR reductions followed a fairly narrow and predictable trajectory, but HDR values of released trees were not lower than those of unreleased trees of the same DBH after 6 years. Juvenile white pine seedlings appear to maintain a balance among aboveground tree parts to enhance future tree stability, which may be an adaptive trait for moderately shade-tolerant species.

scholarly journals Early Growth Responses of Naturally Regenerated Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) to Partial Release from Juvenile Aspen and Pathological Pruning

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Jerome A. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Partial Release

Abstract Height, breast height diameter, and basal diameter growth responses of 7- to 12-year-old naturally regenerated eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to partial release from juvenile (15-year-old) trembling and bigtooth aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus grandidentata Michx.) and pathological pruning were monitored over four growing seasons. Pathological pruning is the removal of disease-infected branches before the disease can reach the stem or the removal of lower branches that are most susceptible to infection. Results indicated that seedling growth responses to release and pruning depended strongly on the height stratum to which a seedling belonged. Whereas growth rates of small white pine up to 190 cm tall were significantly reduced by increasing aspen densities and by pruning, growth rates of white pine taller than 190 cm were not significantly affected by either aspen density or pruning. Effects of pruning on small white pine were restricted to the first 2 years after release, after which growth rates were similar between pruned and unpruned individuals. This likely was due to natural crown recession of unpruned white pine, which brought crown lengths and crown ratios closer to those of pruned individuals. Besides affecting natural crown recession rates and growth of small unpruned white pines, release intensity also affected upper stratum aspen, which responded vigorously to release. Findings of this study suggest that early release from upper stratum juvenile aspen should enable the conversion of an aspen cover type to a mixture of aspen and white pine, but may have to be followed up by repeated interventions into the upper canopy stratum. It is, however, questionable if the expense of pruning to prevent blister-rust infections under a partial canopy is warranted. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):27–34.

scholarly journals Increased Individual Tree Growth Maintains Stand Volume Growth after B-Level Thinning and Crop-Tree Management in Mature Oak Stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-795
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Ward ◽  
Jessica Wikle
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Partial Release

AbstractSix study areas were established in 80–125-year-old upland oak stands on average sites to compare stand and individual tree growth response following two active treatments (B-level thinning, crop tree) with an unmanaged control. Initial stocking of 104 percent was reduced to 62 percent and 60 percent on the B-level and crop-tree-management plots, respectively. Approximately 7,200 board feet per acre (International ¼) were harvested on the actively managed plots with upland oaks accounting for 81 percent of pre- and 86 percent of residual stand. Eleven-year diameter and volume growth of oak sawtimber trees was greater on actively managed plots. Growth response increased with degree of release and was maintained for the length of the study. Because of the increased individual tree growth of oaks in response to release, stand volume growth of oak sawtimber did not differ between treatments. In contrast to an 11-year decline of poletimber stocking on unmanaged plots, poletimber stocking increased on managed plots as diameter growth increased in response to partial release. This may increase difficulty of regenerating oak in the future. For those mature red oak stands where traditional regeneration prescriptions will not be implemented or will be delayed, commercial harvests can be conducted without compromising stand volume growth of oak.

scholarly journals Use of Plastic Shelters for Low-Cost Establishment of Street Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Jones ◽  
A. H. Chappelka ◽  
D. H. West
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Year

Abstract One-year-old seedlings of 11 commonly used urban shade tree species were protected with plastic shelters to determine effects on survival and growth. Additional seedlings were planted in the cities of Auburn and Opelika, Alabama, to determine seedling performance in actual urban settings and to estimate incidence of vandalism in five urban settings. Shelters increased survival in four species and height growth in seven. Diameter growth responses were mixed. During the first 13 months after planting, only 3% of the seedlings in the cities were damaged by people. However, 20% of the shelters were vandalized at least once. Vandalism rates for shelters were greatest (37-44%) in neighborhoods of privately and publicly owned homes; intermediate (20%) in recreational parks, and lowest (4-6%) in undeveloped or industrial park areas. Installation of each tree with its shelter cost $2.78 (excluding labor) and required 20-25 minutes of labor. Tree shelters show promise as a low-cost alternative to more expensive planting methods, especially in undeveloped portions of cities. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):85-89.

Effects of Minesoil Properties on Young White Pine (Pinus strobus) Height Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Andrews ◽  
J. L. Torbert ◽  
J. E. Johnson ◽  
J. A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine

HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SYMPTOMS IN SEMIMATURE-TISSUE NEEDLE BLIGHT OF EASTERN WHITE PINE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Needle Blight

The incipient symptoms of needle blight of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) appear only in semimature tissues of current year needles, and the orange-red lesions then spread acropetally throughout adjacent, more mature, tissues. Semimature tissue of white pine needles is characterized by the start of the suberization of the radial and transverse walls of the endodermal cells. The first cells to break down in blighted semimature tissue occur in the mesophyll region of one of the ventral faces of the needle. Mesophyll necrosis spreads laterally to the other ventral face and finally to the dorsal face of the needle, before proceeding distally through mature tissue. Anatomical differences exist between needles collected from susceptible and non-susceptible white pines.

scholarly journals Effect of Cyclic Irrigation on Growth of Magnolias Produced Using Five In-ground Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
R. C. Beeson ◽  
K. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Ground Systems

Abstract Five in-ground systems were evaluated based on shoot growth and marketability for the production of 2.17 m (7 ft) tall and 5.08 cm (2 in) trunk diameter Magnolia grandiflora cv. ‘Symmes Select’. Systems evaluated were Root Control Bags, Geo-Cell bags, and #25 containers in pot-in-pot in Experiment 1, and Agro-liners in socket pots and directly in-ground in Experiment 2. Each system was either cyclically irrigated or given a single irrigation event daily. In Experiment 1, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of height growth and trunk diameter compared to a single irrigation. Trees in Root Control Bags and pot-in-pot grew at a similar rate and faster than those in Geo-Cell bags. Faster growth rates with cyclic irrigation resulted in earlier marketability compared to single irrigation daily, except for pot-in-pot. In Experiment 2, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of trunk diameter growth, and Agro-liners in pots had greater height and trunk diameter growth rates than those directly in ground. Trees grown in the in-ground pot systems, whether in Agro-liners or black polyethylene containers, grew similarly to trees in Root Control Bags. Trees grown in Geo-cells or Agro-liners in-ground had significantly slower growth than the other treatments.

scholarly journals Growth and Injury Patterns of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Seedlings as Affected by Hardwood Overstory Density and Weeding Treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Krueger ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Abstract White pine seedlings were underplanted under a range of overstory densities in a hardwood stand in northern Minnesota. Vegetation surrounding seedlings was left untreated (control), weeded annually, or completely removed through monthly weeding. After 4 years, the benefit of weeding woody competition for diameter growth of seedlings was limited to areas with relatively open overstory conditions. Seedling height growth was reduced in areas with higher overstory density, but improved through weeding treatments that removed woody vegetation. The removal of herbaceous vegetation did not improve growth of seedlings in any conditions. Open growing conditions created by overstory removal and weed control resulted in higher incidences of seedling injuries, e.g., through infection by white pine blister rust. Conditions for pine bark adelgids also were enhanced in areas with low overstory densities and weeding treatments. The incidence for white pine weevil seems to follow a similar pattern, although the number of trees infected was minimal. Results show that improving growing conditions through management of the overstory and understory vegetation improves seedling growth rates, but must be balanced with potentially higher incidences of seedling injuries under more open conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document