scholarly journals Artificial Oak Regeneration in Historic Woodlots at Gettysburg National Military Park

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Larrick ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox ◽  
Gerald L. Storm ◽  
Walter M. Tzilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings

Abstract To restore woodlots at Gettysburg National Military Park (GNMP) to Civil War condition, in which oak was the dominant vegetation, the effects of woodlot, canopy treatment, and fencing treatment on the survival and height of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) direct-seeded seedlings, planted seedlings, and planted saplings were examined. Three 0.20 ha circular canopy treatments (closed canopy, partially open canopy, and completely open canopy) were assigned within each of three woodlots. Each treatment was replicated three times within each woodlot. Within each canopy treatment unit, two paired fenced and unfenced plots were established. At each pair of plots, 40 acorns, eight 2-0 bareroot seedlings, and six 4-0 bareroot saplings were planted. Foraging damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and small mammals was monitored during the second and fourth growing seasons after canopy treatment. At the end of the second and fourth growing seasons, survival and height were recorded for each of the three sources of regeneration. Four-year survival of direct-seeded seedlings and planted seedlings was maximized on fenced plots. Planted sapling 4 yr survival and height were greatest in the partially or completely open canopy. To maximize 4 yr height of direct-seeded seedlings and planted seedlings, the completely open canopy, fence treatment combination was recommended. All three sources of northern red oak had potential for regenerating GNMP woodlots. Due to rapid height growth, either direct-seeded seedlings or planted seedlings may be preferred. North. J. Appl. For. 20(3):131–136.

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

scholarly journals Tree Shelters Reduced Growth and Survival of Underplanted Red Oak Seedlings in Southern Iowa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bardon ◽  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Richard B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A major concern in the management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have dense understories of shade tolerant species. A replicated study in southern Iowa indicated that over a 5 yr period, tree shelters have a major impact on establishment of underplanted, 1-0, northern red oak bareroot stock. Sheltered seedlings had increased height growth during the first 3 growing seasons. But during the next 2 growing seasons, annual height growth of sheltered seedlings declined to a level of annual height growth similar to that of nonsheltered seedlings. After 5 growing seasons, sheltered seedlings were approximately 30 cm taller than nonsheltered seedlings. Sheltered and nonsheltered seedlings were one-third to two-thirds the height of the shelters. At the end of the fifth growing season, total mortality for sheltered seedlings was 40 and 55%, whereas for nonsheltered seedlings, mortality was 26 and 28% at the McNay and Stephens sites, respectively. Tree shelters may be a viable alternative in open areas (e.g., clearcuts or plantations), but in this study, tree shelters reduced both growth and survival when used to protect underplanted, 1-0, red oak seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):103-107.

scholarly journals Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
Hengyu Liu ◽  
R. H. Zondag
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

Performance of Northern Red Oak Planting Stock

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Zaczek ◽  
Kim C. Steiner ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Northern red oak planting trials were established in three clearcuts in Pennsylvania to evaluate field performance in relation to type of planting stock (1-0, 2-0, 1-1, 2-1, containerized direct-seeded) and other treatments (undercutting in the nursery, top-clipping at planting time, hormone treatment of roots). All treatments were planted simultaneously, and most employed the same genetic material. After 3 yr in the field, seedlings that had been grown for 2 yr in 7.9-1 pots were tallest and had the best survival, but this stock was expensive to produce and difficult to plant. The 2-0 bareroot stock performed best among remaining treatments, especially if the seedlings had been undercut in the nursery. Undercutting was not beneficial to the performance of 1-0 seedlings. Top-clipping and a hormone treatment had little effect on performance. Seedlings from direct-seeding were as tall as those from 1-0 stock. The advantage of 2-0 stock over 1-0 stock was partly, but not entirely, attributable to its larger size. North. J. Appl. For. 10(3):105-111.

scholarly journals Effect of Overstory and Understory Vegetation Treatments on Removal of Planted Northern Red Oak Acorns by Rodents

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
David S. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Acorn Removal

Abstract We documented patterns in the removal of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns by rodents in red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands during a field study of oak regeneration in northern Lower Michigan. Each stand contained four overstory treatments assigned at random: clearcut, 25% cover, 50% cover, and uncut (control). Each level of canopy cover contained four randomly assigned understory treatments: shrub-layer removal, herb-layer removal, litter removal, and a control. Rodents removed acorns from 59% of the seed spots in the uncut control and 12% of the seed spots in the clearcut treatment. This five-fold difference was significant. Acorns were removed from 48% and 40% of the seed spots in the 75% and 50% canopy cover treatments, respectively. Differences in acorn removal between understory treatments were not significant. These results suggest that overstory vegetation treatments can influence the removal of planted acorns by rodents, which has implications for the use of direct seeding for artificially regenerating northern red oak.

Acorns of invasive Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) in Europe are larval hosts for moths and beetles

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Myczko ◽  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Artur Chrzanowski ◽  
Tim H. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak
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