scholarly journals Tree Shelters Reduced Growth and Survival of Underplanted Red Oak Seedlings in Southern Iowa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bardon ◽  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Richard B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A major concern in the management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have dense understories of shade tolerant species. A replicated study in southern Iowa indicated that over a 5 yr period, tree shelters have a major impact on establishment of underplanted, 1-0, northern red oak bareroot stock. Sheltered seedlings had increased height growth during the first 3 growing seasons. But during the next 2 growing seasons, annual height growth of sheltered seedlings declined to a level of annual height growth similar to that of nonsheltered seedlings. After 5 growing seasons, sheltered seedlings were approximately 30 cm taller than nonsheltered seedlings. Sheltered and nonsheltered seedlings were one-third to two-thirds the height of the shelters. At the end of the fifth growing season, total mortality for sheltered seedlings was 40 and 55%, whereas for nonsheltered seedlings, mortality was 26 and 28% at the McNay and Stephens sites, respectively. Tree shelters may be a viable alternative in open areas (e.g., clearcuts or plantations), but in this study, tree shelters reduced both growth and survival when used to protect underplanted, 1-0, red oak seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):103-107.

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

Effects of Tree Shelters on Northern Red Oak Seedlings Planted in Harvested Forest Openings

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Minter ◽  
Richard K. Myers ◽  
Burnell C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors ◽  
Forest Openings ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract Planting has been considered to be one solution to the problem of inadequate natural oak regeneration following harvesting in the Central Hardwood Region. Two types of tree shelters were used in two separate 3-year studies to determine their effects on the growth and survival of northern red oak seedlings planted in recently harvested forest openings, and to characterize shelter influence on microenvironmental factors. Sheltered seedlings planted in both trials exhibited significantly greater 3-year height growth as compared to the controls. There were no significant differences in survival rates. Relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations were increased significantly inside both types of shelters, while there were no differences between shelter exterior and interior daytime temperatures. Interior light intensities differed for the two shelter types and varied according to vertical location within shelters. Recommendations are given for using tree shelters as a possible means for improving oak planting success in recently harvested forest openings. North. J. Appl. For. 9(2):58-63.

Tree Shelters Increase Heights of Planted Oaks in a Michigan Clearcut

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Lantagne ◽  
Carl W. Ramm ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shelterwood Cut ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A shelterwood cut, applied in 1954, failed to adequately regenerate oaks on an upland site in southern Michigan. At age 22, the stand, dominated by dogwood, red maple, black cherry, and other low-quality species, was clearcut and planted to 2-0 northern red oak seedlings. Four treatments included: control (clearcut harvest only), woody brush control, plastic tree seedling shelters, and woody brush control plus tree seedling shelters. The northern red oak seedlings planted in tree shelters were 42% taller than unsheltered seedlings after 2 growing seasons. Over 64% of sheltered seedlings were 3 ft high or taller, compared to only 22% of the unsheltered seedlings, after 2 growing seasons. Woody brush control appeared to have no effect on the 2-year height of planted red oak. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):24-26, March 1990.

scholarly journals Height growth characteristics of one-year-old northern red oak seedlings (Quercus rubra L.) in full light conditions

REFORESTA ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nikola Šušić ◽  
◽  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Ivona Kerkez ◽  
Andrijana Bauer Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Growth and Survival of Planted Northern Red Oak Seedlings in West Virginia

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The survival and growth of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings were studied in relation to top pruning, fertilizing, mulching, and the age and size of seedlings at planting time. Top pruning at one and two years after planting suppressed growth. Fertilizer—N, P, and combinations—and mulches did not produce a significant growth response. Seedlings of above average height at planting time retained their height advantage during the study. Survival of all ages of stock was high. Many seedlings attained a height of more than 6 feet seven years from seed, regardless of treatment, and it is expected that 30 to 50 percent of these will reach maturity.

Effect of Simulated Insect Damage on Growth and Survival of Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Wright ◽  
Richard W. Hall ◽  
John W. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival

scholarly journals Influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1360
Author(s):  
Vladan Popovic ◽  
Aleksandar Lucic ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Tatjana Cirkovic-Mitrovic ◽  
Ljiljana Brasanac-Bosanac
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Acorn Size ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

The aim of this research was to examine the influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. The quality of seedlings correlates with the quality of the seed they are derived from. In species with large seeds, as in the case of Northern red oak, the seedling growth in the first growing season is closely related to seed size or the amount of reserve nutrients that are stored in the seed. The height and root collar diameter of one-year-old Northern red oak seedlings increases with increase in acorn size. The results obtained in this research can be used as a guideline for acorn grading, because they show that improved Northern red oak seedlings quality can be achieved using seeds of appropriate size.

scholarly journals Artificial Oak Regeneration in Historic Woodlots at Gettysburg National Military Park

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Larrick ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox ◽  
Gerald L. Storm ◽  
Walter M. Tzilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings

Abstract To restore woodlots at Gettysburg National Military Park (GNMP) to Civil War condition, in which oak was the dominant vegetation, the effects of woodlot, canopy treatment, and fencing treatment on the survival and height of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) direct-seeded seedlings, planted seedlings, and planted saplings were examined. Three 0.20 ha circular canopy treatments (closed canopy, partially open canopy, and completely open canopy) were assigned within each of three woodlots. Each treatment was replicated three times within each woodlot. Within each canopy treatment unit, two paired fenced and unfenced plots were established. At each pair of plots, 40 acorns, eight 2-0 bareroot seedlings, and six 4-0 bareroot saplings were planted. Foraging damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and small mammals was monitored during the second and fourth growing seasons after canopy treatment. At the end of the second and fourth growing seasons, survival and height were recorded for each of the three sources of regeneration. Four-year survival of direct-seeded seedlings and planted seedlings was maximized on fenced plots. Planted sapling 4 yr survival and height were greatest in the partially or completely open canopy. To maximize 4 yr height of direct-seeded seedlings and planted seedlings, the completely open canopy, fence treatment combination was recommended. All three sources of northern red oak had potential for regenerating GNMP woodlots. Due to rapid height growth, either direct-seeded seedlings or planted seedlings may be preferred. North. J. Appl. For. 20(3):131–136.

scholarly journals Ten-Year Responses of Underplanted Northern Red Oak to Silvicultural Treatments, Herbivore Exclusion, and Fertilization

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Frank ◽  
Ronald Rathfon ◽  
Michael Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Herbivore Exclusion ◽  
Midstory Removal ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Establishing adequate advanced oak reproduction prior to final overstory removal is crucial for regenerating oak forests in the eastern U.S. Many management approaches exist to this end, but benefits associated with any individual technique can depend on the suite of techniques employed and the geographic location. At four mixed-hardwood upland forest sites in central and southern Indiana, we tested factorial combinations of deer fencing, controlled-release fertilization, and various silvicultural techniques (midstory removal, crown thinning, and a shelterwood establishment cut) for promoting the growth and survival of underplanted red oak seedlings. Crown thinning resulted in slow growth and low survival. Midstory removal and the shelterwood establishment cut were nearly equally effective for promoting seedling growth. Seedling survival was strongly influenced by fencing, and differences in survival between silvicultural treatments were minimal when fencing was employed. Fertilization had minimal effects overall, only increasing the probability that unfenced seedlings were in competitive positions relative to surrounding vegetation. We suggest that underplanting oak seedlings can augment natural reproduction, but the practice should be accompanied by a combination of midstory removal and fencing, at a minimum, for adequate growth and survival.

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