scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: Observational Cohort Study and Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wai-Hin Chung ◽  
Siddharth Sridhar ◽  
Anna Jinxia Zhang ◽  
Kwok-Hung Chan ◽  
Hang-Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Smell Identification ◽  
Nasal Biopsy

Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are knowledge gaps about the severity, prevalence, etiology, and duration of OD in COVID-19 patients. Methods Olfactory function was assessed in all participants using questionnaires and the butanol threshold test (BTT). Patients with COVID-19 and abnormal olfaction were further evaluated using the smell identification test (SIT), sinus imaging, and nasoendoscopy. Selected patients received nasal biopsies. Systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed items from January 1, 2020 to April 23, 2020 were searched. Studies that reported clinical data on olfactory disturbances in COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Results We included 18 COVID-19 patients and 18 controls. Among COVID-19 patients, 12 of 18 (67%) reported olfactory symptoms and OD was confirmed in 6 patients by BTT and SIT. Olfactory dysfunction was the only symptom in 2 patients. Mean BTT score of patients was worse than controls (P = .004, difference in means = 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–2.9). Sinusitis and olfactory cleft obstruction were absent in most patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of nasal biopsy revealed the presence of infiltrative CD68+ macrophages harboring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen in the stroma. Olfactory dysfunction persisted in 2 patients despite clinical recovery. Systematic review showed that the prevalence of olfactory disturbances in COVID-19 ranged from 5% to 98%. Most studies did not assess olfaction quantitatively. Conclusions Olfactory dysfunction is common in COVID-19 and may be the only symptom. Coronavirus disease 2019-related OD can be severe and prolonged. Mucosal infiltration by CD68+ macrophages expressing SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen may contribute to COVID-19-related OD.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Minamata Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Furuta ◽  
Kengo Nishimoto ◽  
Masahiko Egawa ◽  
Masaru Ohyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Minamata Disease ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Identification Function ◽  
Smell Identification

We studied the olfactory functions of organic mercury poisoning (Minamata disease) by using both the smell identification test and the olfactory detection threshold test (with phenyl ethyl alcohol). The subjects were 19 patients with Minamata disease who were treated in Meisuien, Minamata, Kumamoto, Japan and include cases that developed the disease in utero. The mean age was 78.7 ± 14.3 years old. Both smell identification and olfactory detection tests in the majority of patients decreased significantly compared with those of healthy elder subjects. A few cases showed normal olfactory identification and detection functions. The olfactory identification function deceased with advancing age. Correlation existed between detection threshold and background factors such as age and duration after documented Minamata disease was found. No significant relationship was identified between olfactory function and the typical symptoms of Minamata disease.

Response of Olfactory Acuity to Surgical Stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Holmström ◽  
Valerie J. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Stress ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Minor Surgery ◽  
The University ◽  
Smell Identification

In this study, the effect on olfaction of surgical procedures, performed distant to the nose, was analyzed. Twenty-three patients planned for surgery of minor or moderate degree under general anaesthesia were examined before surgery for evaluation of sense of smell with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and a smell threshold test (Olfacto-Labs). Reexamination was performed 24–48 hours postoperatively. Both tests demonstrated significant improvement in olfaction following surgery. The improvement was more obvious in younger patients and in patients undergoing moderate surgery compared with the minor surgery group but was, however, not statistically significant.

A Study of the Relationship between the T&T Olfactometer and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in a Japanese Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Kondo ◽  
Toshi Matsuda ◽  
Motoyuki Hashiba ◽  
Shunkichi Baba
Keyword(s):  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Olfactory Test ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Olfactory Ability ◽  
Smell Function ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smell Identification ◽  
Endoscopic Nasal Surgery

The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and a smell ability questionnaire were administered to 167 Japanese volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. Of these subjects, 80 also received the T&T olfactometer threshold test. Of the latter subjects, 36 were patients tested before endoscopic nasal surgery for sinusitis and polyposis. The patients exhibited decreased smell function, as measured by the T&T olfactometer, the UPSIT, and a 30-item version of the UPSIT in which the 10 least familiar items were removed (ps < 0.001). Spearman correlations ranging from 0.53 to 0.70 were found between (i) scores on the 30- and 40-item UPSITs and (ii) the T&T detection and recognition threshold values. Significant correlations were found between scores on the smell ability questionnaire and the olfactory test measures (UPSIT30 r = 0.56; UPSIT40 r = 0.58; T&T detection r = 0.56; T&T recognition r = 0.69, p < 0.001), indicating that subjects are relatively accurate in assessing their olfactory ability. This study suggests that the 30 and 40-item UPSITs correlate well with measures derived from the T&T olfactometer, and that all three tests are sensitive to the smell loss of Japanese sinusitis/polyposis patients.

scholarly journals Screening for Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients Using Quick Smell Identification Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Albaharna ◽  
Alya Alhajjaj ◽  
Hussain Al Shabeb ◽  
Dhuha Alghanim ◽  
Fatimah Alkhabbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Smell Identification

Smoking-Induced Olfactory Dysfunction in Chronic Sinusitis and Assessment of Brief University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and T&T Methods

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Sugiyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Hasegawa ◽  
Naruji Sugiyama ◽  
Motohiko Suzuki ◽  
Nobuhiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Smell Identification

scholarly journals Letter to the editor: Study Summary - Randomized Control Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of COVID-19 Related Olfactory Dysfunction

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lerner ◽  
Katherine Garvey ◽  
Annie Arrighi-Allisan ◽  
Andrey Filimonov ◽  
Peter Filip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Smell Identification

Abstract Objectives To evaluate a therapeutic role for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection Trial design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial Participants Eligible patients are adults with self-reported new-onset olfactory dysfunction of any duration associated with laboratory-confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 patients. Exclusion criteria include patients with pre-existing olfactory dysfunction, history of chronic rhinosinusitis or history of sinus surgery, current use of nasal steroid sprays or omega-3 supplementation, fish allergy, or inability to provide informed consent for any reason. The trial is conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital Intervention and comparator The intervention group will receive 2000 mg daily of omega-3 supplementation in the form of two “Fish Oil, Ultra Omega-3” capsules (product of Pharmavite®) daily. The comparator group will take 2 placebo capsules of identical size, shape, and odor daily for 6 weeks. Main outcomes Each subject will take a Brief Smell Identification Test at study enrolment and completion after 6 weeks. The primary outcome will be change in Brief Smell Identification Test over the 6-week period. Randomisation Patients will be randomized by the Investigational Drug Pharmacy at the Icahn School of Medicine at Sinai via a computer-generated sequence in a 1:1 allocation to treatment or control arms. Blinding (masking) Both participants and researchers will be blinded. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) There will be 88 participants randomized to each group. A total of 176 participants will be randomized. Trial Status Protocol Version 1, 8/3/2020 Recruitment is ongoing, started 8/5/2020 with estimated completion 11/30/2020. Trial registration The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with Protocol Identifier: NCT04495816. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04495816. Registered 3 August 2020 Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1).

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