scholarly journals Optimization of Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Inform 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Chang ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Nandita Sugandhi ◽  
Andrew Prendergast ◽  
Martina Penazzato
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Geretti ◽  
Alexander J Stockdale ◽  
Sophie H Kelly ◽  
Muge Cevik ◽  
Simon Collins ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Evidence is conflicting about how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modulates coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the presentation characteristics and outcomes of adults with and without HIV who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at 207 centers across the United Kingdom and whose data were prospectively captured by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterization Protocol (CCP) study. Methods We used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression to describe the association between HIV status and day-28 mortality, after separate adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, hospital acquisition of COVID-19 (definite hospital acquisition excluded), presentation date, 10 individual comorbidities, and disease severity at presentation (as defined by hypoxia or oxygen therapy). Results Among 47 592 patients, 122 (0.26%) had confirmed HIV infection, and 112/122 (91.8%) had a record of antiretroviral therapy. At presentation, HIV-positive people were younger (median 56 vs 74 years; P < .001) and had fewer comorbidities, more systemic symptoms and higher lymphocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels. The cumulative day-28 mortality was similar in the HIV-positive versus HIV-negative groups (26.7% vs. 32.1%; P = .16), but in those under 60 years of age HIV-positive status was associated with increased mortality (21.3% vs. 9.6%; P < .001 [log-rank test]). Mortality was higher among people with HIV after adjusting for age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.14; P = .05), and the association persisted after adjusting for the other variables (aHR 1.69; 95% CI 1.15–2.48; P = .008) and when restricting the analysis to people aged <60 years (aHR 2.87; 95% CI 1.70–4.84; P < .001). Conclusions HIV-positive status was associated with an increased risk of day-28 mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Teguh H Karyadi

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) kombinasi merupakan terapi terbaik bagi pasien terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) hingga saat ini. Tujuan utama pemberian ARV adalah untuk menekan jumlah virus (viral load), sehingga akan meningkatkan status imun pasien HIV dan mengurangi kematian akibat infeksi oportunistik. Pada tahun 2015, menurut World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral sudah digunakan pada 46% pasien HIV di berbagai negara. Penggunaan ARV tersebut telah berhasil menurunkan angka kematian terkait HIV/AIDS dari 1,5 juta pada tahun 2010 menjadi 1,1 juta pada tahun 2015. Antiretroviral selain sebagai antivirus juga berguna untuk mencegah penularan HIV kepada pasangan seksual, maupun penularan HIV dari ibu ke anaknya. Hingga pada akhirnya diharapkan mengurangi jumlah kasus orang terinfeksi HIV baru di berbagai negara.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alvina Widhani

Petugas kesehatan berisiko terpajan dengan darah atau cairan tubuh lain yang dapat mengandung hepatitis B, hepatitis C, atau human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan 2,5% kasus HIV, 40% kasus hepatitis B, dan 40% kasus hepatitis C disebabkan karena penularan yang terkait dengan pekerjaan.


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