Approaching the Atrium Through the Intraparietal Sulcus: Mapping the Sulcal Morphology and Correlating the Surgical Corridor to Underlying Fiber Tracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Koutsarnakis ◽  
Faidon Liakos ◽  
Aristotelis V. Kalyvas ◽  
Evangelia Liouta ◽  
John Emelifeonwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Sulcal Morphology ◽  
Surgical Corridor ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Optic Radiations ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract BACKROUND: Although the operative corridor used during the intraparietal transsulcal approach to the atrium has been previously investigated, most anatomical studies focus on its relationship to the optic radiations. OBJECTIVE: To study the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) morphology and to explore the subcortical anatomy with regard to the surgical trajectory used during the intraparietal transsulcal tranventricular approach. METHODS: Twenty-five adult, formalin fixed, cerebral hemispheres were investigated. Fifteen underwent the Klingler procedure and were dissected in a lateromedial direction using the fiber microdissection technique. The trajectory of the dissection resembled that of real operative settings. The remaining 10 hemispheres were cut along the longitudinal axis of the sulcus in order to correlate its surface anatomy to corresponding parts of the ventricular system. RESULTS: IPS demonstrated an interrupted course in 36% of the specimens while its branching pattern was variable. The sulcus anterior half was found to overly the atrium in all occasions. Four discrete, consecutive white matter layers were identified en route to the atrium, ie, the arcuate fibers, the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the corona radiata and tapetum, with the arcuate segment being near to the dissection trajectory. CONCLUSION: Given the angle of brain transgression during the intraparietal approach, we found the optimal dissection area to be the very middle of the sulcus. The IPS–postcentral sulcus meeting point, in contrast to previous thought, proved to risk potential injury to the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, thus affecting surgical outcome.

scholarly journals Identification of a distinct association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the intraparietal sulcus areas and fusiform gyrus by white matter dissection and tractography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Jitsuishi ◽  
Atsushi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Fiber Tract ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is well-known as an interface for sensorimotor integration in visually guided actions. However, our understanding of the human neural network between the IPS and the cortical visual areas has been devoid of anatomical specificity. We here identified a distinctive association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the IPS areas and the fusiform gyrus (FG), a high-level visual region, by white matter dissection and tractography. The major fiber bundles of this tract appeared to arise from the medial bank of IPS, in the superior parietal lobule (SPL), and project to the FG on the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in post-mortem brains. This tract courses vertically at the temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO) junction where several fiber tracts intersect to connect the dorsal-to-ventral cortical regions, including the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF). We then analyzed the structural connectivity of this tract with diffusion-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) tractography. The quantitative tractography analysis revealed the major streamlines of IPS-FG interconnect the posterior IPS areas (e.g., IP1, IPS1) with FG (e.g., TF, FFC, VVC, PHA2, PIT) on the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas (HCP MMP 1.0). Since the fronto-parietal network, including the posterior IPS areas, is recruited by multiple cognitive demands, the IPS-FG could play a role in the visuomotor integration as well as the top-down modulation of various cognitive functions reciprocally.

Three-Dimensional Topographic Fiber Tract Anatomy of the Cerebrum

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaan Yagmurlu ◽  
Alexander L Vlasak ◽  
Albert L Rhoton
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Central Core ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
Fiber Dissection ◽  
Dissection Technique ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract BACKGROUND The fiber tracts of the cerebrum may be a more important determinant of resection limits than the cortex. Better knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3-D) anatomic organization of the fiber pathways is important in planning safe and accurate surgery for lesions within the cerebrum. OBJECTIVE To examine the topographic anatomy of fiber tracts and subcortical gray matter of the human cerebrum and their relationships with consistent cortical, ventricular, and nuclear landmarks. METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed human brains and 4 whole cadaveric heads were examined by fiber dissection technique and ×6 to ×40 magnification. The fiber tracts and central core structures, including the insula and basal ganglia, were examined and their relationships captured in 3-D photography. The depth between the surface of the cortical gyri and selected fiber tracts was measured. RESULTS The topographic relationships of the important association, projection, and commissural fasciculi within the cerebrum and superficial cortical landmarks were identified. Important landmarks with consistent relationships to the fiber tracts were the cortical gyri and sulci, limiting sulci of the insula, nuclear masses in the central core, and lateral ventricles. The fiber tracts were also organized in a consistent pattern in relation to each other. The anatomic findings are briefly compared with functional data from clinicoradiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of fiber tracts. CONCLUSION An understanding of the 3-D anatomic organization of the fiber tracts of the brain is essential in planning safe and accurate cerebral surgery.

scholarly journals Differences in the major fiber-tracts of people with congenital and acquired blindness

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 366-1-366-7
Author(s):  
Katherine E.M. Tregillus ◽  
Lora T. Likova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Visual Deprivation ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
The Brain

In order to better understand how our visual system processes information, we must understand the underlying brain connectivity architecture, and how it can get reorganized under visual deprivation. The full extent to which visual development and visual loss affect connectivity is not well known. To investigate the effect of the onset of blindness on structural connectivity both at the whole-brain voxel-wise level and at the level of all major whitematter tracts, we applied two complementary Diffusion-Tension Imaging (DTI) methods, TBSS and AFQ. Diffusion-weighted brain images were collected from three groups of participants: congenitally blind (CB), acquired blind (AB), and fully sighted controls. The differences between these groups were evaluated on a voxel-wise scale with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) method, and on larger-scale with Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ), a method that allows for between-group comparisons at the level of the major fiber tracts. TBSS revealed that both blind groups tended to have higher FA than sighted controls in the central structures of the brain. AFQ revealed that, where the three groups differed, congenitally blind participants tended to be more similar to sighted controls than to those participants who had acquired blindness later in life. These differences were specifically manifested in the left uncinated fasciculus, the right corticospinal fasciculus, and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, areas broadly associated with a range of higher-level cognitive systems.

Dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus revisited: novel insights from a focused fiber dissection study

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Komaitis ◽  
Georgios P. Skandalakis ◽  
Aristotelis V. Kalyvas ◽  
Evangelos Drosos ◽  
Evgenia Lani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Fiber Tract ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fiber Dissection ◽  
Anatomical Connection ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Formalin Fixed

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical consistency, morphology, axonal connectivity, and correlative topography of the dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-I) since the current literature is limited and ambiguous.METHODSFifteen normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were studied through a medial to lateral fiber microdissection technique. In 5 specimens, the authors performed stepwise focused dissections of the lateral cerebral aspect to delineate the correlative anatomy between the SLF-I and the other two SLF subcomponents, namely the SLF-II and SLF-III.RESULTSThe SLF-I was readily identified as a distinct fiber tract running within the cingulate or paracingulate gyrus and connecting the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus, the pre–supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the SMA proper, the paracentral lobule, and the precuneus. With regard to the morphology of the SLF-I, two discrete segments were consistently recorded: an anterior and a posterior segment. A clear cleavage plane could be developed between the SLF-I and the cingulum, thus proving their structural integrity. Interestingly, no anatomical connection was revealed between the SLF-I and the SLF-II/SLF-III complex.CONCLUSIONSStudy results provide novel and robust anatomical evidence on the topography, morphology, and subcortical architecture of the SLF-I. This fiber tract was consistently recorded as a distinct anatomical entity of the medial cerebral aspect, participating in the axonal connectivity of high-order paralimbic areas.

scholarly journals In Reply: Microsurgical Anatomy of the Vertical Rami of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus: An Intraparietal Sulcus Dissection Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. E75-E77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Monroy-Sosa ◽  
Jonathan Jennings ◽  
Srikant S Chakravarthi ◽  
Melanie B Fukui ◽  
Juanita M Celix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

scholarly journals Neural coding of 3D features of objects for hand action in the parietal cortex of the monkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1373) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Sakata ◽  
Masato Taira ◽  
Makoto Kusunoki ◽  
Akira Murata ◽  
Yuji Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Visual Neurons ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Random Dot Stereogram ◽  
Orientation Disparity

In our previous studies of hand manipulation task–related neurons, we found many neurons of the parietal association cortex which responded to the sight of three–dimensional (3D) objects. Most of the task–related neurons in the AIP area (the lateral bank of the anterior intraparietal sulcus) were visually responsive and half of them responded to objects for manipulation. Most of these neurons were selective for the 3D features of the objects. More recently, we have found binocular visual neurons in the lateral bank of the caudal intraparietal sulcus (c–IPS area) that preferentially respond to a luminous bar or plate at a particular orientation in space. We studied the responses of axis–orientation selective (AOS) neurons and surface–orientation selective (SOS) neurons in this area with stimuli presented on a 3D computer graphics display. The AOS neurons showed a stronger response to elongated stimuli and showed tuning to the orientation of the longitudinal axis. Many of them preferred a tilted stimulus in depth and appeared to be sensitive to orientation disparity and/or width disparity. The SOS neurons showed a stronger response to a flat than to an elongated stimulus and showed tuning to the 3D orientation of the surface. Their responses increased with the width or length of the stimulus. A considerable number of SOS neurons responded to a square in a random dot stereogram and were tuned to orientation in depth, suggesting their sensitivity to the gradient of disparity. We also found several SOS neurons that responded to a square with tilted or slanted contours, suggesting their sensitivity to orientation disparity and/or width disparity. Area c–IPS is likely to send visual signals of the 3D features of an object to area AIP for the visual guidance of hand actions.

Radio-Anatomic Measurements and Statistical Generation of a Safe Surgical Corridor to Enter the Ventricular Trigone while Avoiding Injury to the Optic Radiations

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (06) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuram Sampath ◽  
Kristopher Katira ◽  
Runhua Shi ◽  
Prasad Vannemreddy ◽  
Shashikant Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Corridor ◽  
Optic Radiations

scholarly journals Dorsal-to-ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate’s effect on beta oscillations in ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mazzetti ◽  
C. G. Damatac ◽  
E. Sprooten ◽  
N. ter Huurne ◽  
J.K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Beta Power

AbstractBackgroundWhile pharmacological treatment with Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line intervention for ADHD, its mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. In a previous MEG study, we demonstrated that MPH in ADHD normalizes beta depression in preparation to motor responses (1). We here seek to identify the white matter tracts that mediate MPH’s effect on beta oscillations.MethodsWe implemented a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, where boys diagnosed with ADHD underwent behavioral and MEG measurements during a spatial attention task while on and off MPH. Results were compared with an age/IQ-matched typically developing (TD) group performing the same task. Estimates of white matter tracts were obtained through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Based on aprioristic selection model criteria, we sought to determine the fiber tracts associated with electrophysiological, behavioral and clinical features of attentional functions.ResultsWe identified three main tracts: the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (‘parietal endings’) (SLFp) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (‘temporal endings’) (SLFt). ADHD symptoms severity was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the ATR. In addition, individuals with relatively higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt showed faster and more accurate behavioral responses to MPH. Furthermore, the same parieto-temporal FA gradient explained the effects of MPH on beta modulation: subjects with ADHD exhibiting higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt also displayed greater effects of MPH on beta power during response preparation.ConclusionsBased on MPH’s modulatory effects on striatal dopamine levels, our data suggest that the behavioral deficits and aberrant oscillatory modulations observed in ADHD depend on a structural connectivity imbalance within the SLF, caused by a diffusivity gradient in favor of temporal rather than parietal, fiber tracts.

scholarly journals Defining the relationship of the optic radiation to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium: a focused microanatomical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Koutsarnakis ◽  
Aristotelis V. Kalyvas ◽  
Spyridon Komaitis ◽  
Faidon Liakos ◽  
Georgios P. Skandalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Part ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Collateral Sulcus ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Optic Fibers ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optic Radiations ◽  
Formalin Fixed

OBJECTIVEThe authors investigated the specific topographic relationship of the optic radiation fibers to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium because the current literature is ambiguous.METHODSThirty-five normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres and 30 focused MRI slices at the level of the atrium were included in the study. The correlative anatomy of the optic radiation with regard to the atrial roof and floor was investigated in 15 specimens, each through focused fiber microdissections. The remaining 5 hemispheres were explored with particular emphasis on the trajectory of the collateral sulcus in relation to the floor of the atrium. In addition, the trajectory of the collateral sulcus was evaluated in 30 MRI scans.RESULTSThe atrial roof was observed to be devoid of optic radiations in all studied hemispheres, whereas the atrial floor was seen to harbor optic fibers on its lateral part. Moreover, the trajectory of the intraparietal sulcus, when followed, was always seen to correspond to the roof of the atrium, thus avoiding the optic pathway, whereas that of the collateral sulcus was found to lead to either the lateral atrial floor or outside the ventricle in 88% of the cases, therefore hitting the visual pathway.CONCLUSIONSOperative corridors accessing the ventricular atrium should be carefully tailored through detailed preoperative planning and effective use of intraoperative navigation to increase patient safety and enhance the surgeon’s maneuverability. The authors strongly emphasize the significance of accurate anatomical knowledge.

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