Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Scott Tannenbaum ◽  
Eduardo Salas
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Behavioral Norms ◽  
Senior Leader ◽  
Situational Strength ◽  
Leader Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Availability

No team works in a vacuum. Some conditions may encourage collaboration, while others can act as constraints or inhibitors. This chapter examines “conditions,” the context or environment in which a team operates. Some conditions exhibit strong situational strength that greatly influence expected behaviors; others offer only hints or nudges about collaboration. Tangible elements such as organizational policies and practices (e.g., that guide compensation and promotion decisions), resources (e.g., are enough people assigned to the team, does the team have the information it needs), and less tangible elements such as senior leader support and organizational culture are all relevant for promoting teamwork. This chapter highlights six organizational practices and three senior leadership behaviors that can influence many teams, as well as four local team-specific conditions (i.e., resource availability, time availability, authority levels, and mission). The implications of working in a broader cultural context is also considered, as behavioral norms vary around the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Flowing Down Bengawan Solo: An Interdisciplinary Lesson Model on Music and Rivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 104837132110262
Author(s):  
Jui-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Periods

Music cannot be separated from its historical, geographical, and cultural context; therefore, it is important that students be taught music from a variety of genres, cultures, and historical periods relevant to the music to which they are introduced. In this article, I introduce an interdisciplinary approach through contextualization of the content of music, using it to lead to the study of related works in various disciplines. Using a song inspired by Indonesia’s Solo River, a lesson sample demonstrates teaching strategies that motivate students to engage in integrative thinking. By exploring music’s connection with relevant subjects to teach about the natural environment, this contextualized lesson presents a global learning experience to broaden students’ knowledge of the world. Contextualizing the content of Bengawan Solo illustrates how history and culture shaped the song and demonstrates how this work can be used as a springboard for students’ exploration of its history, geography, and ecology.

The National Library of Latvia, 2001–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andris Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
National Library ◽  
Basic Approach ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
The World ◽  
Library Network ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Culture Education ◽  
Development Group

The new millennium witnessed significant changes in the development of the National Library of Latvia (NLL). The last decade of the twentieth century was linked to the restoration of all the basic functions of a national library in independent Latvia, but its development over the following decade was determined by the creation of a new, contemporary library. The twenty-year debate on the necessity of a new library, conforming to Latvia's needs, generated discussion not only on the functions of the library, but also on the broader cultural context. The basic approach was clear – nothing would remain the same in the new library. The size of the library's traditional collection has not changed significantly, but the provision of digitally born information and electronic publications has expanded rapidly. From 2001 to 2008 the NLL developed a national competence-building function in library computerization projects. Deepening cooperation with research libraries and other educational and research institutions, as well as the establishment of the Research and Development group, which brought the vision of a digital future into the Library, have been very important for enshrining the authority of the NLL in the whole library network. The National Library holds an optimistic view of the coming decade, believing that the new building will be completed, that the National Digital Library ‘Letonica’ will be created with resources in TEL, Europeana and the World Digital Library, and that the Library will be a valuable interactive centre of culture, education and research in the state.

scholarly journals Language Means for Shaping the Media Image of China in Russian Internet Texts (Case Study of Blogs about the Chinese Opera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юйси Му
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Chinese Opera ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Audience Responses ◽  
The Media

The article presents the study of the media image of China in the Russian Internet texts. The purpose of the study is to identify the language means of shaping the media image of China in blogs about Chinese opera. The material involves some of the topical blogs published on the Internet version of «Live Journal» and the «Magazeta». In those materials, the media image of China is partially formed by various aspects of Chinese opera as a cultural phenomenon: it is the cultural context in which Chinese opera exists; features of diverse opera genres; images of performers; audience responses; assessments and feelings of bloggers. The possibilities of expression of different kinds of language means are revealed, so is the authors’ perception of this type of art. It is concluded that the media image created in blogs about Chinese opera by various language means represents China as a country with a long history and unique culture. Chinese opera not only occupies an important place in the world art, but also vividly and meaningfully reflects the mystery of China.

scholarly journals Problem kategorii decyzji w kontekście naturalistycznego paradygmatu nauk społecznych

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Piotr Łukomski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Explanatory Structure

Artykuł przedstawia tezę, że decyzja rozumiana jako akt wyboru jest możliwa do wyjaśnienia w ramach teorii kontroli, która przekłada się na rzeczywistą autonomię człowieka. Decyzja w tym ujęciu nie jest typem fenomenu oderwanego od przyczynowej struktury świata ani też rodzajem poręcznej konstrukcji teoretycznej w wyjaśnianiu zachowań, ale funkcjonalnym aspektem umysłu zgodnym (kompatybilnym) z naturalistycznym obrazem świata, obejmującym również humanistykę. W ramach takiej struktury wyjaśniania możemy umieścić decyzje jako element struktur kontroli, które funkcjonują równolegle do struktur przyczynowości i stanowią niezbędny składnik każdego autonomicznego systemu. Co więcej, przy założeniu, że umysł spełnia funkcję semantycznego silnika możemy zarysować kierunek badań, w ramach którego semantyka (język oraz znaczenia i treści kultury) może być interpretowana jako podstawa wyborów (decyzji) dokonywanych w ramach kontekstu kulturowego. The Problem of the Category of Decisions in the Context of the Naturalistic Paradigm of Social Sciences The paper presents the thesis that a decision understood as an act of choice could be explained within the framework of the theory of control, which implicates real human autonomy. A decision in this perspective is not a type of phenomenon detached from the causal structure of the world, nor a kind of handy theoretical structure in explaining behaviour, but a functional aspect of the mind compatible with the naturalistic view of the world, including the humanities. Within such an explanatory structure, we can place decisions as part of the control structures that function alongside causality structures and are a necessary component of any autonomous system. Moreover, if the mind acts as a semantic engine, we can outline the direction of research within which semantics (language, cultural meanings, and content) can be interpreted as the basis for choices (decisions) made within the cultural context.

scholarly journals The Applications of Intention (Qaedat al- Umu:r bi Maqasidaha) in Saudi Law: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Majed Al-Shaibani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Western Law

The current study aims to tackle the theoretical understanding of intention as between Sharia and law. It addresses the similarities and differences in the analysis of interpretation of intention across sharia law and law. The paper contrasts between the two ways of dealing with the concept of intention that is both technical and intuitive, across law and religion. Starting from the hypothesis that the concept of intention in sharia law originated in classical contextual realities different from the contemporary realities of Saudi Arabia and become outdated, the study attempts to answer the following questions: How can the concept of intention be adapted to the new socio-economic realities of Saudi Arabia with its new vision toward the world? How can the concept of intentionality adopt by sharia benefits from the analysis of law theory relating to intention? In order to answer the questions of the study, the study adopts the comparative law methodology through which concept of intention is comparatively examined in both sharia and law. The research investigates the historical and cultural context that gives rise to the concept of intentionality in both sharia law and law, as it helps reflect on aspects of similarity and differences and how gap between the sharia law and law can be bridged. The collected data is obtained through comparing sharia law in Saudi Arabia to the law applied in the West. The study has reached a conclusion that the sound methodological application of the concept of intention in sharia law requires the integration of elements and concepts from the Western law concept of intention.

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND THE ROLE OF DIGITALISATION IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY (IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Dr. Manjunatha S ◽  
Mr. Arun Kumar L S ◽  
Dr. Vivek I Sarikar ◽  
Basavarajaiah M. S
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Start Ups

Digitalisation involves online transaction, as digitalisation of the economy is the usage of electronic mode of transaction for receipts and payments of the country, as most of the developed economies in the world like USA, Japan were using more online transactions some decades back, as it provides benefits for the consumers, producers by saving time, availability in lower cost and reduces the cost of transportation to purchase any products in the country, like education, banking insurance hotel services, and commerce sectors. India is one of the fastest growing developing economy in the world after China, with an average GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of around 7 percent from 2015-2019, India’s internet economy is expected to double from US$ 125 billion as of April 2017 to 250 billion by 2020. India`s E-commerce revenue is expected to jump from US$ 39 billion to US$ 120 billion in 2020, growing an annual rate at 51 percent, due to Covid-19 most of the states in India were in Lock down situation after March 2020, there is a need for all the sectors in the economy for Digital inclusion to achieve the goal of the country that is “Digital India”. India can try to improve to make payments and receipts in unorganised sectors through online digital mode, like digital card payments like ATM (Automated Teller Machine), Rupay, Visa, Maestro, online shopping by promoting central governments schemes like “Make in India”, export promotion trade schemes. India can use this global pandemic situation by making flexible investment destination in the globe, As most of the global giants are spacing away from China to make investment or to open start ups in China, the purpose of this study is to Make India self-reliant by implementing various schemes, E-commerce promotion during covid-19 epidemic situation KEY WORDS: Digital technology, Covid-19, Indian Economy, E-Commerce and online education.

Decolonising recognition of prior learning – The drawbacks of policy mimicking

2021 ◽  
pp. 174549992110634
Author(s):  
Patrick Werquin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
End Users ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
National Context ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Recognition Of Prior Learning

Recognition of prior learning features at the top of the policy agenda in many countries because recognition of prior learning (RPL) has proven effective in some parts of the world; and there is much policy learning taking place. Therefore, many countries want to gain the advantages associated with RPL. It brings benefits to individual end-users and countries as a whole. Whether RPL should be identically implemented everywhere is more questionable. This paper proposes a reflexion based on experience: It looks at what RPL is about, at what it took to implement the validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE) system in France and its potential transferability. While it is important to learn from one another, transporting a system from one national context to another is unlikely to work because the necessary social and cultural context is never transferred along with the technical apparatus. This is not new, but this paper emphasises the need for appropriate adaption whenever systems are borrowed.

REVIEW OF: YE. G. VYRSHCHIKOV “CITY — VILLAGE — FOREST: THE WORLD OF THE CREATORS OF THE PALI CANON AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIES”

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Elena V. Tyulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Intermediate Area ◽  
Robin Hood ◽  
Pali Canon ◽  
The World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City ◽  
City Village ◽  
Pāli Canon

Following is a review оf the monograph published in 2019 by Yevgeniy G. Vyrshchikov ‘City — Village — Forest: The World of the Creators of the Pali Canon and Their Contemporaries’, which was published in 2019 by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (editors: V. V. Vertogradova and V. P. Androsov). This work is a cultural study of the so called Pali Canon, or Tipitaka — the early Buddhist Canon of the Theravada school. It is mainly devoted to ideas about space and related views on the structure of the world and society. To understand the cultural context of the existence of early Buddhist ideas about the world, other sources are also involved — Buddhist, Brahmanic and Hindu texts: Ceylon’s mahavamsa, Arthashastra, Ramayana, Chitrasutra, other Sanskrit texts and Ashoka’s epigraphic inscriptions. In addition, ancient sources are used, such as Strabo’s “Geography”, as well as medieval English ballads about Robin Hood. According to the author, the world of the Pali Canon is divided into three main units of space: The most sacred and pure is the forest — the place where shramans and other ascetics live. Its opposite is the city, which embodies all that is worldly, contrary to asceticism and opposed to it. They are separated by an intermediate area — the countryside (janapada). The monograph explores all three components of this world, analyzes the necessary terminology and conceptual apparatus. The review provides an overview of the main provisions of the monograph and makes some critical comments on its text.

Highly Productive 21st Century Workforce

2017 ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Sylvia Mupepi ◽  
Mambo Mupepi ◽  
Aslam Modak
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Leadership Changes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Business Challenges

Some leadership behaviors are more frequently applied by women than men in the management of teams. These attributes have been proven successful in enhancing corporate performance and will be a key factor in meeting tomorrow's business challenges. Talent is unevenly distributed in diversified work environments and promoting women and gender leadership variety is of strategic importance in companies. Results from a recent study show an unprecedented amount of CEO turnover in 2015 and a growing tendency to look for new leadership outside the company. Nearly a quarter of the world companies replaced their CEOs during the same year and it is the highest turnover for the past two decades. Those new top executives were increasingly hired from elsewhere even during planned leadership changes. The data indicates that fewer women are the incoming list of top executives indicating that some of the old habits still linger in 21st century organizations. The organization development of effective capability deduces new viewpoints to advance the best talent for all time.

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