Research on the Cultivation and Promotion of College Students’ Legal Quality and Legal Knowledge Based on Deep Learning

Under the new situation, it is urgent to strengthen the cultivation of the legal consciousness of young college students, which makes the research on the cultivation and promotion of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge become very important. This article is aimed at studying the cultivation and promotion of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge based on deep learning. This article first analyzes the legal quality and legal knowledge level of college students by proposing a questionnaire survey method, interview method, and interdisciplinary research method and establishes an explanatory structure model of the factors affecting the legal quality of college students; secondly, it introduces the basic theories of deep learning and explains its practical application; finally, the training rules of neural network are constructed through experiments, and the stage method of legal quality training based on BP neural network is introduced in detail. Considering that virtual reality technology has recently penetrated into the game industry and other fields, we have reason to believe that it will find ways to enter the legal knowledge training industry. The experimental results of this article show that the cultivation and improvement of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge based on deep learning can reduce the momentary confusion and impulsiveness of college students. Among them, more than 80% of college students who know a little about the Constitution account for more than 80%, which also shows the importance of cultivating and improving the laws and regulations of college students. The results show that the method is accurate and fast.

Perception, Knowledge, and Understanding in Aristotle’s Epistemology

In this chapter I consider how we should approach questions about the relationship between perception and the more advanced cognitive states Aristotle thinks derive from it. I argue that it’s reasonable to talk of perceptual knowledge, and explain how I will be using various knowledge terms to capture the different cognitive states that feature in Aristotle’s epistemology. I then offer an account of scientific understanding (Aristotle’s epistemic ideal) as a form of theoretical expertise requiring a synoptic, reflective appreciation of the explanatory structure of some domain. I argue we should resist views that would make scientific understanding the sole locus of justification, and on which perception would therefore never play any significant epistemic role. I also raise some concerns about invoking talk of justification in this context, and suggest an alternative conception of epistemic value which I think better fits Aristotle’s descriptions of our learning.

FREE DELIBERATIVE IN DIFFERENT DISCOURSES

The article deals with the study of deliberative in various discursive realizations. The authors believe that free deliberative is the result of the reduction of the explanatory structure, or rather its modus component. The functioning of free deliberative in different discourses shows that, as one would expect, the most conservative in this regard is scientific discourse, while media and literary discourses actively use all the possibilities of free deliberative, activating those that are marked by colloquiality.

Problem kategorii decyzji w kontekście naturalistycznego paradygmatu nauk społecznych

Artykuł przedstawia tezę, że decyzja rozumiana jako akt wyboru jest możliwa do wyjaśnienia w ramach teorii kontroli, która przekłada się na rzeczywistą autonomię człowieka. Decyzja w tym ujęciu nie jest typem fenomenu oderwanego od przyczynowej struktury świata ani też rodzajem poręcznej konstrukcji teoretycznej w wyjaśnianiu zachowań, ale funkcjonalnym aspektem umysłu zgodnym (kompatybilnym) z naturalistycznym obrazem świata, obejmującym również humanistykę. W ramach takiej struktury wyjaśniania możemy umieścić decyzje jako element struktur kontroli, które funkcjonują równolegle do struktur przyczynowości i stanowią niezbędny składnik każdego autonomicznego systemu. Co więcej, przy założeniu, że umysł spełnia funkcję semantycznego silnika możemy zarysować kierunek badań, w ramach którego semantyka (język oraz znaczenia i treści kultury) może być interpretowana jako podstawa wyborów (decyzji) dokonywanych w ramach kontekstu kulturowego. The Problem of the Category of Decisions in the Context of the Naturalistic Paradigm of Social Sciences The paper presents the thesis that a decision understood as an act of choice could be explained within the framework of the theory of control, which implicates real human autonomy. A decision in this perspective is not a type of phenomenon detached from the causal structure of the world, nor a kind of handy theoretical structure in explaining behaviour, but a functional aspect of the mind compatible with the naturalistic view of the world, including the humanities. Within such an explanatory structure, we can place decisions as part of the control structures that function alongside causality structures and are a necessary component of any autonomous system. Moreover, if the mind acts as a semantic engine, we can outline the direction of research within which semantics (language, cultural meanings, and content) can be interpreted as the basis for choices (decisions) made within the cultural context.

How Does Explanatory Virtue Determine Probability Estimation?—Empirical Discussion on Effect of Instruction

It is important to reveal how humans evaluate an explanation of the recent development of explainable artificial intelligence. So, what makes people feel that one explanation is more likely than another? In the present study, we examine how explanatory virtues affect the process of estimating subjective posterior probability. Through systematically manipulating two virtues, Simplicity—the number of causes used to explain effects—and Scope—the number of effects predicted by causes—in three different conditions, we clarified two points in Experiment 1: (i) that Scope's effect is greater than Simplicity's; and (ii) that these virtues affect the outcome independently. In Experiment 2, we found that instruction about the explanatory structure increased the impact of both virtues' effects but especially that of Simplicity. These results suggest that Scope predominantly affects the estimation of subjective posterior probability, but that, if perspective on the explanatory structure is provided, Simplicity can also affect probability estimation.

Explanatory construction in the media language

The article considers the problem of functioning in the language of the media of the Russian explanatory structure. The study is based on the results of studying explanatory sentences in Russian syntactic science, which is reflected in the article as a brief history of their study. The study is based on observations of explanatory constructions in the language of various modern media presented on the Internet. As a starting point, it is argued that in order to solve a problem in a media text, it is necessary to distinguish between the text itself and the paratext, as well as the author’s beginning of the text. The study revealed that the explanatory structure acts as the headings of news texts, subheadings of author columns and interview leads. At the same time, news texts found a special type of speech news, the heading of which is an explanatory structure, and the author’s beginning is mainly verbs of speech. The most significant grammatical result is that the media language not only uses the entire repertoire of explanatory constructions known to the literary language, but also forms a number of spe cial constructions based on the reduction of various elements of the modus proposition and even its whole: these are constructions with a omitted modus predicate of the type “Author about the problem”, “author: replica”, as well as a predicative deliberation with interrogative pronouns like who, where, why, what, it is increasingly used as a heading in a number of pub lications. All these reduced constructions meet the conditions of media communication and genre differentiation of media texts. In addition, it has been shown that important textual and grammatical characteristics of the media text are set in the paratext.

Presentation of other people’s information in scientific discourse

The paper reflects the author’s understanding of the explanatory structure as a semantic structure with a wide range of realizations: from complex sentences with an object clause, conjunctionless complex sentences, complicated sentences with introductory words, to simple sentences. The study considers a scientific text characterized by introducing other people’s information due to its polyphonic nature. The study objective was to identify the language reflection of the authors of the scientific text when choosing one of the possible syntactic constructions. A new direction, experimental analysis of the discourse, provides opportunities to language reflection study. Fifty-two graduate students of the Faculty of Philology took part in the experiment. Fifteen professors of various humanitarian specialties were the control group. The study analyzes the scientific text authors’ choice of the method of introducing other people’s information. The linguistic experiment results are those authors’ reflections about choosing one of the possible syntactic structures to deliver other people’s information. The students were found to prefer a direct speech structure (a conjunctionless complex sentence), with the teachers choosing the construction with indirect speech for “it may break the author’s text.” The following groups of reasons for choosing a design were identified: substantivecompositional, genre, and pragmatic. A conclusion is made that the authors of the scientific text do not fully use the wide possibilities for the language system to introduce explanatory semantics and often do it unconsciously. There is a tendency to “push” the authorization mode into auxiliary text, metatext.

A Counterfactual Approach to Explanation in Mathematics

ABSTRACT Our goal in this paper is to extend counterfactual accounts of scientific explanation to mathematics. Our focus, in particular, is on intra-mathematical explanations: explanations of one mathematical fact in terms of another. We offer a basic counterfactual theory of intra-mathematical explanations, before modelling the explanatory structure of a test case using counterfactual machinery. We finish by considering the application of counterpossibles to mathematical explanation, and explore a second test case along these lines.