Growth, Investment, and Savings in Five Year Plans

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-120
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Two Sectors

This chapter visits major macroeconomic parameters, such as gross domestic product, savings, and investment, and studies their movement, especially the peaks and troughs in the six decades of planning, 1951–2011. The growth performance of the economy is assessed by comparing the realized growth rate with the target set in the Five Year Plans. It identifies the periods when the growth rate failed to meet the target, and pinpoints the reasons behind the shortfall. The growth rates are measured for agriculture, industry, and services sectors, and the structural changes in the economy are explored. Tracing the course of investment in the public and private sector in the mixed-economy framework, it shows how the share of these two sectors in total investment and domestic product altered over time. Finally, it unfolds the nexus between savings, investment, and economic growth that is evident in different phases of the Plan periods.

Flexibility of Work in the Public and Private Sector in Slovenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Discussions about flexibility of organizations in the field of work are more frequent in the recent years, mostly as a result of the economic recession. Structural changes and globalization have had a severe effect on both, organizations and employees. Therefore, organizations must remain flexible to respond to unexpected changes to the area of demand, as well as adjust to new technologies and other influences. Organizations implement various measures to increase their flexibility of work and timing of work and internal mobility of employees or in the field of wages and labor costs. The article presents results of the research which examined whether there are differences in the flexibility of organizations in the field of work between employees in the public and private sectors in Slovenia. The results showed that private organizations enabled internal, numerical, functional and locational flexibility more often than public organizations. The most flexible among public organizations are public agencies and institutions.

scholarly journals RFID on the boundary between the public and private sectors: An ANT/Institutional Theory investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marta Elizabeth Vos
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sectors

<p>Radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled devices are becoming increasingly common in today’s world, facilitating many things from supply chain efficiencies to medical equipment tracking. The majority of studies into such systems centre on technical and engineering issues associated with their implementation and operation. Research outside of this scope generally focuses on RFID systems in isolated private sector supply chains. Less common is research on RFID systems within the public sector, and this research generally occurs within the health, defence, or agriculture areas. Using a combination of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Institutional Theory, this qualitative study examines how RFID is used within the public sector/private sector RFID network. Interactions across public and private sector RFID networks are examined in order to identify common themes within the network, and to determine where the needs of the two sectors diverge. Twelve themes were identified that acted as ANT mediators within the network, across three dimensions. These mediators differed in activity depending on where within the ANT translation they were strongest. A number of the mediators were also found to exert institutional pressures on organisations within the network, contributing to their strength during translation. The relationship between the two sectors was also examined. Findings indicated that some mediators were stronger within the public sector, particularly with respect to privacy and legislation. It was further found that the relationship between the two sectors was confused by the multiple different roles taken by the public sector within the translation. This multiplicity at times confused both public and private sector partners, leading to uncertainty within the network. This study contributes to research by addressing a gap in understanding of RFID systems in the public-private sector context. It also provides practitioners with a guideline as to which mediators should be addressed when contemplating an RFID system within this context, as well as indicating possible reasons the relationship between organisations in the two sectors may be challenging. In addition, the unusual combination of ANT and Institutional Theory contributes to theory by pointing towards a possible new way to investigate complex technology systems at the organisational level.</p>

scholarly journals A Multivariate Statistical Approach to Compare Fringe Benefits Between Public and Private Sector Workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Ramoni-Perazzi
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Fringe Benefits ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Normal Text ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Two Sectors

<p class="Normal1" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">This study relies on multivariate statistical analysis applied to the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2002) to approach the issue of public/private compensation differences. Particularly, principal components are used to uncover the internal structure of relationships among demographic variables, while multiple correspondence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>analysis is used to describe and compare wages and fringe benefits between the two sectors. Results indicate the public sector compensates more its workers, not only by offering higher wages but also better </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;">non-wage monetary benefits.</span></p>

Performance evaluation: a comparative study between public and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rolim Ensslin ◽  
Larissa Marx Welter ◽  
Daiana Rafaela Pedersini
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Two Sectors

PurposeThis study analysed international publications related to the performance evaluation (PE) theme to compare the public and private sectors with a focus on the metrics and a reflection on the consideration of each sector's characteristics.Design/methodology/approachIn total, two bibliographic portfolios (BPs) were selected with the aid of the Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C) instrument, and the literature was systematically and critically reviewed to construct a theme literature map; the metrics analysed the performance evaluation systems (PESs) used in the studies and identified each sector's characteristics and PES behaviour based on these characteristics.FindingsThe two sectors stand out because of the low incidence of articles with cardinal scales, which enable the measurement and identification of the consequences of performance that are below or above the target. The behaviour of the sector characteristics was unusual, especially regarding the user and the organisational structure; it was found that the presence or absence of critical factors, such as communication, may prove to be a differential of success or failure. An absence of the organisation's particularities when designing and using a PES was noted.Originality/valueThe contributions relate to (1) identification of the public and private sector characteristics based on the selected literature, which helps in understanding the critical success and failure factors of an organisation's PES, especially with regard to metrics adequacy for each context; and (2) verification of the paths taken by the literature in both sectors.

The Values of Business and Federal Government Executives: More Different Than Alike

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Z. Posner ◽  
Warren H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Managerial Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Government Executives ◽  
Two Sectors

A nationwide sample of executives from business (N = 505) and the federal government (N = 619) provided the database for comparing managerial values across these two sectors. Business and government executives differed in the importance they attached to a variety of organizational goals, stakeholders, and personal traits. They also differed in their outlook on future trends and how they handled tradeoffs between work and personal demands. While there were broad areas of disagreement, also noted were some areas of specific agreement on executives' values across the public and private sector. Implications for organizations and future research are suggested.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of public and private sector sustainability reporting of goals and targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmilla Rebecca Raj
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Two Sectors

This thesis aims to investigate the key linkages between public and private sector sustainability reporting of goals and targets. Employing a case study method of Canadian organizations, a content analysis of 109 sustainability reports, along with 22 in-depth interviews were conducted. A review of the literature revealed that extant research in the field of sustainability reporting largely focuses on the private sector, with little attention given to the public sector. Even more so, few studies have explored the linkages between the two sectors. Therefore, this study aims to address an important research gap. Drawing insight from institutional theory, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the key similarities and differences in public and private sector sustainability reporting goals and targets. Further, it works to outline the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and challenges to linking goals and targets. Finally, it concludes with recommendations on how linking reporting of goals and targets between the public and private sectors should be fostered.

Compassion Organizing for Public-Private Collaboration in Disaster Management

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Taewon Moon ◽  
Sunghoon Ko
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Two Sectors

Compassion organizing evokes positive identity in both the public and private sectors, which leads to effective collaboration between the two sectors. Although when some organize they instinctively apply tenets of compassion organizing, there is much more that can be done to yield substantive gains in individual satisfaction and organizational success. Compassion organizing is not another form of emotional intelligence. Rather, compassion organizing builds three organizational capabilities (i.e. cognitive, affective, and structural capability). Furthermore, explicitly utilizing compassion organizing allows, and in fact requires, that organizations and members of those organizations keep positive identities throughout their association. This will maintain the socio-psychological tie of organizational identification that is critical to cooperation between the public and private sector. This chapter explores compassion organizing and the concepts that form the foundation for compassion organizing. Then, this chapter specifically applies compassion organizing to entities engaged in emergency management, particularly those in public-private partnerships.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of public and private sector sustainability reporting of goals and targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmilla Rebecca Raj
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Two Sectors

This thesis aims to investigate the key linkages between public and private sector sustainability reporting of goals and targets. Employing a case study method of Canadian organizations, a content analysis of 109 sustainability reports, along with 22 in-depth interviews were conducted. A review of the literature revealed that extant research in the field of sustainability reporting largely focuses on the private sector, with little attention given to the public sector. Even more so, few studies have explored the linkages between the two sectors. Therefore, this study aims to address an important research gap. Drawing insight from institutional theory, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the key similarities and differences in public and private sector sustainability reporting goals and targets. Further, it works to outline the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and challenges to linking goals and targets. Finally, it concludes with recommendations on how linking reporting of goals and targets between the public and private sectors should be fostered.

scholarly journals RFID on the boundary between the public and private sectors: An ANT/Institutional Theory investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marta Elizabeth Vos
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sectors

<p>Radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled devices are becoming increasingly common in today’s world, facilitating many things from supply chain efficiencies to medical equipment tracking. The majority of studies into such systems centre on technical and engineering issues associated with their implementation and operation. Research outside of this scope generally focuses on RFID systems in isolated private sector supply chains. Less common is research on RFID systems within the public sector, and this research generally occurs within the health, defence, or agriculture areas. Using a combination of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Institutional Theory, this qualitative study examines how RFID is used within the public sector/private sector RFID network. Interactions across public and private sector RFID networks are examined in order to identify common themes within the network, and to determine where the needs of the two sectors diverge. Twelve themes were identified that acted as ANT mediators within the network, across three dimensions. These mediators differed in activity depending on where within the ANT translation they were strongest. A number of the mediators were also found to exert institutional pressures on organisations within the network, contributing to their strength during translation. The relationship between the two sectors was also examined. Findings indicated that some mediators were stronger within the public sector, particularly with respect to privacy and legislation. It was further found that the relationship between the two sectors was confused by the multiple different roles taken by the public sector within the translation. This multiplicity at times confused both public and private sector partners, leading to uncertainty within the network. This study contributes to research by addressing a gap in understanding of RFID systems in the public-private sector context. It also provides practitioners with a guideline as to which mediators should be addressed when contemplating an RFID system within this context, as well as indicating possible reasons the relationship between organisations in the two sectors may be challenging. In addition, the unusual combination of ANT and Institutional Theory contributes to theory by pointing towards a possible new way to investigate complex technology systems at the organisational level.</p>

Relationship between CSR motivations and corporate social performance: a study in the power industry in India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Acharyya ◽  
Tanuja Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Public And Private Sector

PurposeThe paper aims to understand the different motivations / reasons for engaging in CSR initiatives by the organizations. In addition, the study also examines the relationship between CSR motivations and corporate social performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from two power sector organizations: one was a private sector firm and the other was a public sector firm. A comparative analysis of the variables with respect to private and public sector organizations was conducted. A questionnaire survey was administered among 370 employees working in the power sector, with 199 executives from public sector and 171 from private sector.Findings“Philanthropic” motivation emerged as the most dominant CSR motivation among both the public and private sector firms. The private sector firm was found to be significantly higher with respect to “philanthropic”, “enlightened self-interest” and “normative” CSR motivations when compared with the public sector firms. Findings suggest that public and private sector firms differed significantly on four CSR motivations, namely, “philanthropic”, “enlightened self-interest”, “normative” and “coercive”. The CSP score was significantly different among the two power sector firms of public and private sectors. The private sector firm had a higher CSP level than the public sector undertaking.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies in the domain need to address differences in CSR motivations and CSP across other sectors to understand the role of industry characteristics in influencing social development targets of organizations. Research also needs to focus on demonstrating the relationship between CSP and financial performance of the firms. Further, the HR outcomes of CSR initiatives and measurement of CSP indicators, such as attracting and retaining talent, employee commitment and organizational climate factors, need to be assessed.Originality/valueThe social issues are now directly linked with the business model to ensure consistency and community development. The results reveal a need for “enlightened self-interest” which is the second dominant CSR motivation among the organizations. The study makes a novel contribution by determining that competitive and coercive motivations are not functional as part of organizational CSR strategy. CSR can never be forced as the very idea is to do social good. Eventually, the CSR approach demands a commitment from within. The organizations need to emphasize more voluntary engagement of employees and go beyond statutory requirements for realizing the true CSR benefits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document