Identifikasi Aktivitas Inhibitor Enzim Tirosinase Senyawa Turunan Flavonoid pada Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao L) secara In Silico

<p id="docs-internal-guid-fa145b0a-7fff-0af1-a074-1cbfd7cb8daf" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Limbah kulit buah cokelat diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa aktif, termasuk di antaranya adalah golongan flavonoid. Senyawa flavonoid diketahui berpotensi memiliki aktivitas inhibitor enzim tirosinase, suatu enzim yang menstimulasi proses pembentukan melanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi interaksi antara senyawa flavonoid dari kulit buah cokelat dengan enzim tirosinase menggunakan metode penambatan molekuler secara </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in silico</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Pengujian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yakni preparasi makromolekul enzim, pemodelan molekul senyawa uji, identifikasi sisi aktif molekul enzim, identifikasi dan evaluasi penambatan molekuler, serta simulasi dinamika molekuler senyawa uji dengan molekul enzim. Hasil simulasi penambatan molekuler antara molekul enzim dengan ligan alaminya yakni tirosin memberikan energi ikatan sebesar -4,91 kkal/mol. Senyawa flavonoid dari kulit buah cokelat yakni apigenin, epikatekin, katekin, kaemferol, kuersetin, dan kuersitrin diketahui memiliki afinitas pada sisi aktif enzim tirosinase dengan energi ikatan berturut turut -6,14; -6,17; -6,01; -5,89; -6,13; -6,81 kkal/mol. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekuler menunjukkan kuersitrin memiliki stabilitas yang baik dengan nilai RMSD rata-rata dan nilai energi bebas ikatan MM/PBSA masing-masing sebesar ±1,73 Å dan -80,12 kJ/mol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa turunan flavonoid tersebut mampu berikatan dengan sisi aktif enzim tirosinase dengan afinitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ligan alaminya diamati dari nilai energi ikatannya. Senyawa turunan flavonoid yang terkandung dalam kulit buah cokelat berpotensi menjadi inhibitor kompetitif dari enzim tirosinase.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong><span id="docs-internal-guid-99cc03b4-7fff-2cb3-0bd8-cbf26c857d04" style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Identification of In Silico Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoid Derivative Compounds in Cocoa Pod Husk (</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Theobroma cacao </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L.). </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cocoa pod husk was known to contain several active compounds, such as flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds are known to potentially have inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase, the enzyme which stimulates melanin synthesis.</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This study was conducted to evaluate the molecular interaction between flavonoids from cocoa pod husk with tyrosinase enzyme using in silico molecular docking method. The study was carried out through several stages, including preparation of enzyme macromolecules, modeling the molecule of the test compound, identifying the active site of the enzyme molecule, identifying and evaluating molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations of the test compound with the enzyme molecule. Molecular docking simulation between the enzyme and its natural ligand (tyrosine) produces binding energy of -4.91 kcal/mol. Flavonoid compounds from cocoa pod husk, including apigenin, epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, dan quercitrin, have an affinity on the active site of the enzyme with binding energy were -6.14; -6.17; -6.01; -5.89; -6.13; -6.81 kcal/mol, respectively. Then the molecular dynamics simulation shows quercitrin has good stability interaction with the average RMSD value and the MM/PBSA binding-free energy values of ±1.73 Å and -80.12 kJ/mol, respectively. The results showed that flavonoids of cocoa pod husc extract have an affinity to the active site of the enzyme, with a stronger binding energy than the original ligand. The flavonoid compounds of cocoa pod husk potential as a competitive inhibitor of the tyrosinase enzyme.</span></span></p>

Analisis Logam Cr(III) Hasil Reduksi Cr(VI) dengan Teknik Voltammetri Lucutan Menggunakan Elektroda Pasta Karbon Termodifikasi EDTA: Studi Pendahuluan

<p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan suatu metode pengukuran Cr(III) menggunakan elektroda pasta karbon (EPK) yang termodifikasi EDTA yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam penentuan efektivitas reduksi limbah Cr(VI) serta penentuan Cr(VI) dalam suatu sampel secara tidak langsung. Metode analisis voltammetri yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik voltammetri siklik, <em>differential pulse vol</em><em>tammetry</em> dan <em>square wave voltammetr</em><em>y</em>. EDTA merupakan ligan polidentat yang dapat mengkelat beberapa logam. Untuk logam kromium, EDTA hanya bisa mengkelat Cr(III). Oleh karena itu, dalam proses pengukurannya dilakukan reduksi Cr(VI) menjadi Cr(III) yang kemudian dapat dianalisis menggunakan EPK yang termodifikasi EDTA. Teknik voltammetri dipilih karena memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi, limit deteksi yang rendah, dan memiliki daerah linier yang lebar. Hasil penelitian memperoleh bahwa Cr(III) dapat dianalisis dengan EPK termodifikasi EDTA menggunakan teknik voltammetri lucutan. Kondisi optimum pengukuran yang diperoleh adalah menggunakan elektroda dengan komposisi grafit: EDTA 25% berat (w/w), larutan elektrolit NaCl 0,1 M, waktu deposisi 5 detik, dan potensial deposisi 300 mV. <strong></strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong><br /></strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong>Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by EDTA for Determination of Cr(III) Reduced from Cr(VI) by Using Stripping Voltammetry Method: A Preliminary Study. </strong>This study presented a method of measuring Cr(III) using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified by EDTA, which could be applied in determining Cr(VI) waste indirectly. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that can chelate several metals. For chromium metal, EDTA can only chelate Cr(III). Therefore, a reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was carried out in the measurement process and then analyzed using an EDTA-modified carbon paste electrode. The technique was chosen because it has a high sensitivity, low detection limit, and has a wide linear area. The results showed that Cr(III) could be analyzed using EDTA-modified CPE using stripping voltammetry. The optimum measurement conditions obtained were using an electrode with a composition of 25% weight (w/w) EDTA, 0.1 M NaCl as supporting electrolyte, 5 seconds for deposition time, and 300 mV for deposition potential.</span></p>

Two-fold complex network approach to discover the impact of word-order in Urdu language

<div>This work examines standard Urdu text to confirm impact of word order in the language structure. The complex network approach is used to obtain universal properties of two different word co-occurrence networks. Macro and micro scale two-fold examinations of networks are performed for structure discovery. While preserving the vocabulary size, two networks are generated from same text with and without standard word order. In addition, text networks are benchmarked with a random network to extract global features. Achieved outcomes indicate certain word order in Urdu structure for most of the sentences. The normal and shuffled text networks demonstrated similar large-scale characteristics. The results show that average path length and network diameter is reduced after shuffling. On the other hand, clustering coefficient is increased in shuffled text as compared to normal text. Our results validated that few short sentences in range of three words are fully free order. The observations revealed that long sentences are ambiguous without standard order. Both networks are topologically similar but shuffling caused massive discrepancy in network composition and sentence structure. Inside graph view, grammatical association-based words connectivity exists in normal text network. With this universal approach, impact of word order in Urdu language is confirmed. Meanwhile, this breakthrough directs to uncover language composition by extracting small sentences as motifs.</div>

Predicting temperature of Erbil City applying deep learning and neural network

<span>One of the most significant and daunting activities in today's world is temperature prediction. The meteorologists traditionally predict temperature via some statistical models aimed to forecast the fluctuations that might have happened to atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity, etc. The main objective of this paper is to build an intelligent temperature prediction model of Erbil city in KRG/ Iraq based on a historical dataset from 1992 to 2016 in each year there are twelve months’ average temperature readings from (January to December). Hence to resolve this prediction problem an up-to-date deep learning neural network has been used, the network model is based on <span id="docs-internal-guid-850bd062-7fff-c6c8-9146-ba6427eb24e0" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">long short-term memory</span> (LSTM) as an artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture which employed to estimate the future average temperature. The implementing model uses the dataset from real-time 30 weather stations deployed in the area of the city. The prediction performance of the proposed recurrent neural network model has been compared with some state of art algorithms like Adeline neural network, Autoregressive neural network (NAR), and <span id="docs-internal-guid-14d37b98-7fff-0f76-848f-ad9f89224f77" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> generalized regression neural network</span> (GRNN). The results show that the proposed model based on deep learning gives minimum prediction error.</span>

Hybrid NRZ/RZ line coding scheme based hybrid FSO/FO dual channel communication systems

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-52ae510c-7fff-0f9d-c23b-ec77d8fd1141" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This </span><span id="docs-internal-guid-22aadf85-7fff-c447-0533-2748148ff46b" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">study simulates the hybrid non return to zero (NRZ)/return to zero (RZ) line coding scheme based hybrid free space optics (FSO)/fiber optics (FO) dual channel communication systems. The max Q factor/Min BER are simulated after APD receiver based both erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and wide band traveling wave semiconductor optical amplifiers (WBTWSOAs) with 50 km fiber channel and 4 km FSO channel. Max SPAL/min noise SPAL, max signal power amplitude/min noise signal power variations with spectral frequency, and the total electrical power are demonstrated and clarified in this proposed study. This work emphasized that the fiber channel is reached up to 100 km reach and FSO channel can be also extended to 4 km reach with 40 Gbps.</span></p>

VER E PRATICAR - O Teatro Em Via De Mão Dupla

<p id="docs-internal-guid-94bd7967-7fff-86e9-8e0c-9e129f209d26" style="line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Este trabalho investiga de maneira prática o uso dos recursos da mediação teatral com o intuito de pesquisar o processo de intermediação entre a cena e o espectador. Analisando a abordagem de Flávio Desgranges no seu livro “Pedagogia do Espectador”, que expõe estratégias para que o teatro e a escola possam aproximar-se de maneira efetiva. Nesse artigo defende-se a educação libertária (na cena e na sala) a partir do estudo de Silvio Gallo sobre teóricos anarquistas, que deu origem à sua “Pedagogia do Risco”. Sob essa perspectiva, afirma-se aqui a noção de que no encontro do aluno (de espaço formal/não formal de ensino) com a cena teatral, podemos usar uma metodologia de aparatos técnicos/sensíveis para ampliar a experiência artística e incentivar uma recepção crítica aos eventos espetaculares que fazem parte do cotidiano do aluno/cidadão. </span></p><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Palavras-Chaves: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Teatro; Educação; Mediação Teatral; Texto Teatral; Pedagogia do Risco.</span>

Losing your footing, losing your morality

What influences how people render their moral judgment? Focusing specifically on the conceptual metaphors “moral is upright” and “immoral is tilted”, we sought to investigate whether physical slant can influence people’s harsh moral judgment. Experiment 1 induced physical slant by having participants complete the questionnaire at a tilt table. We observed a significant effect with participants who experienced physical slant rendering a less severe moral judgment than did those who wrote their responses at a level table. Using a new manipulation of physical slant and a larger, more diverse sample, Experiment 2 asked participants to complete the questionnaires with rotated text or normal text. We observed a difference between the two groups: compared to participants who read the normal text, those with a visual experience of slant lessened the severity of their moral judgments. Taken together, the results showed that the consequence of tilted experience exerts downstream effects on moral reasoning, which suggests that incidental bodily experience affects how people render their decisions.

Olhando para os lados: rascunhando sobre presenças, sentidos e experiências em torno ao aborto através de uma pesquisa militante

<p id="docs-internal-guid-2dca16e5-7fff-357a-2a6f-eb66a5bf5e33" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nesse texto, a partir de uma pesquisa militante que ainda está em andamento, mas que conta com participações em eventos, sobretudo, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, busquei trazer alguns questionamentos às ações e discursos sobre aborto realizados durante tais atividades. A colocação de tais questionamentos foi desenvolvida de mãos dadas com os lugares sociais e as posições políticas desde os quais esses foram colocados, buscando trazer contribuições para historicizá-los nas constituições feministas, em nossa formação social e política latino-americana e brasileira. Tendo em vista o fortalecimento das práticas e articulações feministas, e a ampliação de nossas percepções sobre as presenças, os sentidos dados e as experiências que têm alimentado os campos feministas em relação ao aborto nesses contextos, busquei desnaturalizar a existência de uma única narrativa feminista sobre o aborto, que geralmente tem como referência sujeitas/os/xs e suas experiências compreendidas em territórios e historicidades nor-eurocêntricas, desprezando as contestações e disputas resultantes das desigualdades sociais presentes em nossas realidades.</span></p>

Image Substance Extraction using Data Mining Clustering Method

Dater retrieval is one of the key challenging factor for today. Because of increasing the volume of data sets every year due to various factors. Information extraction in image data sets are too multifaceted compare with normal text data recovery. Image data set consist of different attributes those attribute sets are normalized before it extract from the stored data base. This required additional burden to the user who wish to extract any information from this data sets. This key challenges invite more researchers in the field of image data mining. Today many of the data sets in the form of image it gives more accurate result and more outputs. For extracting any image data image attributes are properly trained for better result. The proposed work based on grouping the data sets using image attributes. The entire process of this work divided into two major separate operations. Experiments dons against various data sets, and outputs verified proposed work gives more accurate results than the existing techniques.