Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Song
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Literary Topography

This chapter contextualizes and theoreticizes the literary topography of space and emotion, the (de)formation of modern subjectivity, individual desire and collective consciousness, political conflicts and historical violence, as well as nationalist sentiments and cultural memories centering around Beijing, the ancient capital and modern city, which has framed the material infrastructures, human conditions, mental images, political regimes, cultural identities, and literary imaginations from the late Imperial and Republican periods to the Cold War era and after. I consider five modes of creating a city-text that fashion Beijing: (1) a warped hometown, (2) a city of snapshots and manners, (3) an aesthetic city, (4) an imperial capital in comparative and cross-cultural perspective, and (5) a displaced and relocated city on the Sinophone and diasporic postmemory. Each method of imagining Beijing provides a unique entry point into the nexus of urban settings, archives of emotions, and strategies of literary mappings in Beijing’s journey from imperial capital to socialist city.

Peircean studies in Russia: A historical and cross-cultural perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Natalia Lukianova ◽  
Elena Fell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Cold War

This article aims to contribute to the Peircean studies by providing an account of the reception of Peirce’s philosophy in Russian academia. Peirce was introduced to Russian scholarship at the beginning of the twentieth century, but Russian scholars’ work on Peirce remains unnoticed for the most part in the international academic world. Presenting an outline of their research fills a certain gap in the Peircean studies demonstrating how Peirce was received in imperial Russia, the USSR and post-Soviet Russian academia. This overview can also serve, to some extent, as a contribution to the studies in cross-cultural communication, because the authors present Russian philosophers’ take on an American philosopher considered in the context of the changing historical and cultural landscape. From being introduced to Peirce via a francophone scholar at the beginning of the twentieth century to criticizing Peirce from the stance of dialectical materialism during the Cold War and exploring Peirce’s original work from various angles in the recent decades, Russophone academics could not avoid being affected by the complexity of cross-cultural communication.

Moving from “Foreign Mission” to “World Mission” in South Korea and the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Korean Presbyterian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
World Mission

This article traces the evolving attitudes and relationships of Korean Protestants and American missionaries after 1945 through an investigation of the rise of one Korean Presbyterian pastor, Kyung-Chik Han, as a renowned religious leader at home and abroad during the escalation of the Cold War in the 1950s, and the uneasy transitions within the American Presbyterian missions in Korea. The analysis of Han’s sermons and addresses in Korea and the West, popular American Protestant magazines, and American missionary documents illumines the creation of new transnational Christian partnerships, the presence of ongoing cross-cultural tensions, and the emergence of new challenges between Korean Protestants and American missionaries as the positions of authority started to shift. This study concludes with broader observations connecting the history of the relationships between Han and American Protestants to some of the problems with contemporary interpretations of the changing dynamics and mission flows in world Christianity. 本文追溯1945年后南韩基督徒和美国宣教士不断改变的态度及关系。这是透过对一位长老会牧者坤赤翰的升起的研究调查，以及在韩国的美国长老会宣教会经历的不易的转折而达成的。坤赤翰是五十年代逐渐升级的冷战期间在国内外著名的宗教领袖，对他的讲章，及其在韩国和西方，美国的基督教杂志及宣教文件里的发言的分析，我们可以发现新的跨国基督徒合作的开始，持续的跨文化张力的存在，以及当权力开始转移时韩国基督徒及美国宣教士所面临的新的挑战。这个研究得出更广义的结论，即是翰与美国基督徒之间关系的这段历史，可以联系到世界基督教不断改变的宣教流所面临的当代诠释问题。 Este artículo describe la relación y las actitudes que van surgiendo entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses desde1945 en adelante. Investiga el surgimiento del pastor coreano presbiteriano, Kyung-Chik Han, como líder religioso de renombre tanto en su país como en el extranjero durante la escalada de la Guerra Fría en la década de 1950. Trata, además, sobre las incómodas transiciones dentro de las misiones de presbiterianos americanos en Corea. El análisis de sermones y discursos de Han en Corea y occidente, de revistas populares norteamericanas, y documentos misioneros estadounidenses explica la creación de nuevas asociaciones cristianas transnacionales, la presencia de tensiones interculturales en curso, y la aparición de nuevos retos entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses cuando los lugares de autoridad empiezan a cambiar. Este estudio concluye con observaciones más amplias que relacionan la historia entre Han y los protestantes norteamericanos a algunos de los problemas con interpretaciones contemporáneas sobre la dinámica cambiante y los flujos de la misión en el cristianismo mundial. This article is in English.

Totalitarismus – eine kleine Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Alfons Söllner
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Political Idea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

Totalitarianism is problably the most ambivalent political idea of the 20th century: it stands for the most negative experience with politics, it was used as polemical weapon within the major political conflicts of the epoch, and it attracted as many ingenious political thinkers in order to clarify totalitarianism as a scientific concept. The essay is only a sketch and tries to reconstruct the variations of the concept throughout five stages: its origins in Mussolini’s Italy, the pluralistic formation in the 1930/40s, the canonization during the cold war, its diminuation in the 1960/70s, and the comeback after 1989. The author argues that it is exactly the multiplicity or even then controversial character of the concept which makes it so significant for the ruptured history of the 20th century.

How post-imperial democracies die: A comparison of Weimar Germany and post-Soviet Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Steffen Kailitz ◽  
Andreas Umland
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

While socioeconomic crisis — like in Germany after World War I and in Russia after the Cold War — is a necessary precondition for democratic erosion resulting in a breakdown of democracy, it is not a sufficient condition. We identify, in the cases of Weimar Germany and post-Soviet Russia, a post-imperial syndrome that includes nationalist irredentism and an ambition to return to the status quo ante of a “great power” as a main reason why democratization faces specific and enormous challenges for former “great powers.” A slide back to authoritarianism in post-imperial democracies takes a high toll. It is facilitated by international political conflicts, including annexation and wars, with new neighbouring states that harbor territories perceived as external national homelands like the Sudetenland or Crimea.

Mapping Modern Beijing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Song
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Liang Shiqiu ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
Private And Public

Mapping Modern Beijing investigates five methods of representing Beijing- a warped hometown, a city of snapshots and manners, an aesthetic city, an imperial capital in comparative and cross-cultural perspective, and a displaced city on the Sinophone and diasporic postmemory—by authors traveling across mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and overseas Sinophone and non-Chinese communities. The metamorphosis of Beijing’s everyday spaces and the structural transformation of private and public emotions unfold Manchu writer Lao She’s Beijing complex about a warped native city. Zhang Henshui’s popular snapshots of fleeting shocks and everlasting sorrows illustrate his affective mapping of urban transition and human manners in Republican Beijing. Female poet and architect Lin Huiyin captures an aesthetic and picturesque city vis-à-vis the political and ideological urban planning. The imagined imperial capital constructed in bilingual, transcultural, and comparative works by Lin Yutang, Princess Der Ling, and Victor Segalen highlights the pleasures and pitfalls of collecting local knowledge and presenting Orientalist and Cosmopolitan visions. In the shadow of World Wars and Cold War, a multilayered displaced Beijing appears in the Sinophone postmemory by diasporic Beijing natives Liang Shiqiu, Taiwan sojourners Zhong Lihe and Lin Haiyin, and émigré martial-arts novelist Jin Yong in Hong Kong. Weijie Song situates Beijing in a larger context of modern Chinese-language urban imaginations, and charts the emotional topography of the city against the backdrop of the downfall of the Manchu Empire, the rise of modern nation-state, the 1949 great divide, and the formation of Cold War and globalizing world. Drawing from literary canons to exotic narratives, from modernist poetry to chivalric fantasy, from popular culture to urban planning, this book explores the complex nexus of urban spaces, archives of emotions, and literary topography of Beijing in its long journey from imperial capital to Republican city and to socialist metropolis.

scholarly journals ‘A Christian solution to international tension’: Nikolai Berdyaev, the American YMCA, and Russian Orthodox influence on Western Christian anti-communism, c.1905–60

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Stroop
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

AbstractBuilding on recent research into the religious aspects of the Cold War and the humanitarian efforts of the American Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in early twentieth-century Europe, this article locates the historical origins of religious anti-communism in late imperial Russian reactions to the revolution of 1905–07. It explores the interactions of Russian Orthodox Christian intellectuals, especially Nikolai Aleksandrovich Berdyaev, with prominent YMCA leaders such as Donald A. Lowrie and Paul B. Anderson, both of whom were mainline Protestants. Using Russian and US archives, the article documents the networks and mechanisms through which Berdyaev influenced his YMCA contacts. It shows that he shaped their efforts to fight communism in the interwar period and early Cold War through the promotion of religious values, or what Anderson referred to as ‘a Christian solution to international tension’. This concept was derived from early twentieth-century Russian ideas about the opposition between Christianity and ‘nihilism’ or ‘humanism’ as integral worldviews.

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