The Laughing Philosopher and the Physician

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-79
Author(s):  
R. J. Hankinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Mental Disturbances ◽  
The Relationship

Ancient doctors knew that laughter, hysterical or otherwise, sometimes presented as a symptom of mental disturbances of various kinds (and indeed of rare physical conditions); equally, they realized that there was a role to be played by laughter in treating mental disorders such as depression. This chapter traces this history, with specific focus on certain texts, in particular the pseudo-Hippocratic correspondence concerning the “madness” of Democritus, in which the concerned citizens of Abdera, Democritus’ hometown, ask the great doctor to advise them concerning the philosopher’s apparently pathological, continuous laughter. This premise frames the first topic: when is laughter pathological, and hence a genuine diagnostic tool? This question leads into the chapter’s second concern, namely, what use can laughter be put to in the treatment of disorders such as depression and melancholy? The chapter also briefly examines the question of the relationship between the mental and the physiological presupposed by such therapeutic practices.

YENİDOĞAN YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE İŞ KAZALARI RİSKLERİ VE NEDENLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haluk Tanrıverdi ◽  
Orhan Akova ◽  
Nurcan Türkoğlu Latifoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the qualifications of neonatal intensive care units of hospitals (physical conditions, standard applications, employee qualifications and use of personal protective equipment) and work related causes and risks, employee related causes and risks when occupational accidents occur. Accordingly, a survey was prepared and was made among 105 nurses working in 3 public and 3 private hospital's neonatal intensive care units, in the January of 2010. The survey consists of questions about the qualifications of neonatal intensive care units, work related causes and risks, and employee related causes and risks. From the regression analysis conducted, it has been found that confirmed hypotheses in several studies in the literature were not significant in this study. The sub-dimensions in which relationships has been found show that the improvement of the physical environment in workplace, the improvement of the employee qualifications and standard applications can reduce the rate of occupational accidents. According to the results of this study management should take care of the organizational factors besides to improvement of the physical environment in workplace, the improvement of the employee qualifications and standard applications.

The relationship between brain structure and general psychopathology in preadolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
Lindsay Squeglia ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Categorical mental disorders are being recognized as suboptimal targets in clinical neuroscience due to poor reliability as well as high rates of heterogeneity within, and comorbidity between, mental disorders. As an alternative to the case-control approach, recent studies have focused on the relationship between neurobiology and latent dimensions of psychopathology. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain structure and psychopathology in the critical preadolescent period when psychopathology is emerging. This study included baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 11,721; age range = 9-10 years; male = 52.2%). General psychopathology, externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder dimensions were based on a higher-order model of psychopathology and estimated using Bayesian plausible values. Outcome variables included global and regional cortical volume, thickness, and surface area. Higher levels of psychopathology across all dimensions were associated with lower volume and surface area globally, as well as widespread and pervasive alterations across the majority of cortical and subcortical regions studied, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and parental education. The relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure were attenuated when adjusting for cognitive functioning. There was evidence of a relationship between externalizing psychopathology and frontal regions of the cortex that was independent of general psychopathology. The current study identified lower cortical volume and surface area as transdiagnostic biomarkers for general psychopathology in preadolescence. The widespread and pervasive relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure may reflect cognitive dysfunction that is a feature across a range of mental illnesses.

Attention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bommarito
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Relationship

After a brief overview of the nature of attention, I argue that attention (and inattention) can be morally virtuous or vicious independently of associated overt actions. This is not, as others have claimed, because attention itself has moral value, but because attention can manifest underlying moral concern. After discussing the relationship between attention and concern, I discuss problematic cases related to mental disorders, in particular attention-deficit disorder and scrupulosity. I then apply the account to particular virtues associated with attention: modesty and gratitude. Gratitude, I argue, involves attention to our benefits and their sources, while modesty involves special patterns of attention away from our own good qualities. This account best explains how attention can be relevant to moral character.

scholarly journals Association between early working life patterns, in publicly and privately owned companies, and the course of future sickness absence due to mental disorders: a cohort study in Catalonia (Spain)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040480
Author(s):  
Amaya Ayala-Garcia ◽  
Laura Serra ◽  
Monica Ubalde-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Permanent Employment ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between early working life patterns, at privately and publicly held companies, and the course of sickness absence (SA) due to mental disorders.MethodsCohort study of workers aged 18–28 years, affiliated with the Spanish social security system, living in Catalonia, who had at least one episode of SA due to mental disorders between 2012 and 2014. Individual prior working life trajectories were reconstructed through sequence analysis. Optimal matching analysis was performed to identify early working life patterns by clustering similar individual trajectories. SA trajectories were identified using latent class growth modelling analysis. Finally, the relationship between early working life patterns and subsequent SA trajectories was assessed via multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong both men and women, four labour market participation (LMP) patterns were identified: stable permanent employment (reference group), increasing permanent employment, fluctuating employment and delayed employment. Among women, an increasing permanent employment pattern in early working life was related to a decrease of accumulated SA days over time (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.08; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.66). In men, we observed a trend towards a middle stable accumulation of SA days in those with fluctuating employment (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.74) or delayed employment (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 0.59 to 5.41). In both men and women, an early working life in big companies was related to a more favourable SA trajectory.ConclusionsEarly LMP patterns characterised by an increasing stability—decreased number of transitions between temporary contracts and lack of social security coverage towards permanent contracts—were related to a better future SA course due to mental diagnosis.

scholarly journals Education Mitigates the Relationship of Stress and Mental Disorders Among Rural Indian Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Nisha Fahey ◽  
Apurv Soni ◽  
Jeroan Allison ◽  
Jagdish Vankar ◽  
Anusha Prabhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Den anklagade tittaren. Strategiskt publiktilltal i satiriska anklagelser

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Tommy Bruhn ◽  
Joanna Doona
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Queue System ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Public accusations often lead to controversy. Accusations have been studied as causing certain types of defense, as well as for how accusing parties persuade audiences of guilt, and amplify an act’s offensiveness. We investigate a satire programme as a strategic act, with a specific focus on how its accusatory rhetorical structure strategically invites certain responses, and counteracts others. We show how a segment in the news satire programme ‘Swedish News’ constructed a complex accusation against the Swedish private school queue system, and against the character of the educated middle class who tend to use it. The segment’s structure places the accused middle class as an addressed audience in three different subject positions, wherein the relationship between them motivates penance rather than defense. The analysis shows how a changing positioning of the same group as judge, victim and accused can perform certain functions in accusatory speech, indicating roads to redemption and opening up for possibilities of reconciliation

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