Religious Service Attendance and Mortality among Adults in the United States with Chronic Kidney Disease

Religion and related institutions have resources to help individuals cope with chronic conditions, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this investigation is to examine the association between religious service attendance and mortality for adults with CKD. Data were drawn from NHANES III linked to the 2015 public use Mortality File to analyze a sample of adults (n = 3558) who had CKD as defined by a single value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and/or albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥17 mg/g for males or ≥25 for females. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome and religious service attendance was the primary independent variable. Cox proportional hazards models were estimated to determine the association between religious service attendance and mortality. The mortality risks for participants who attended a service at least once per week were 21% lower than their peers with CKD who did not attend a religious service at all (HR 0.79; CI 0.64–0.98). The association between religious service attendance and mortality in adults with CKD suggest that prospective studies are needed to examine the influence of faith-related behaviors on clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.

Social Determinants of Men’s Health Across the Life Course

There is a paucity of research focusing on the complex interaction between social, behavioral, biological, and psychosocial factors, and health outcomes among men. This symposium contains a collection of papers that discuss some key social determinants of health (SDOH) that can provide insights to advance our understanding of men’s health and aging across the life course. Dawn will discuss the Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction (SCORRE) intervention designed to increase awareness, risk perceptions, and health behaviors to reduce stroke risk in African Americans. Findings suggest tailoring the intervention to the needs and preferences of young African American men. Archibald and colleagues seek to determine if race differences in allostatic load (AL) among adult men vary by age. Black men 45-64 had a higher AL score (PR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28) than White men. Skipper and colleagues used a grounded theory approach to examine the negative interactions of 35 religious middle and old age Black men. Analyses reveal that church-related negative interactions broadly fall within the following themes: (1) ageism within intergenerational churches, (2) people are messy, and (3) issues with leadership. Bruce and colleagues examine the association between religious service attendance and mortality among Black men. Participants who attended at least once per week were 18% less likely to die than their peers who did not attend a religious service at all (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.99). These presentations collectively will bolster our knowledge on key SDOH among men across the life course.

Religious Service Attendance, Allostatic Load, and Mortality Among Black Men

Black men experience high levels of social and psychological stress and religion has been a coping strategy. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between religious service attendance and mortality among Black men. Data were drawn from the NHANES III (1988-1994) sample linked to the 2015 public use Mortality File. The analytic sample (n=2300) was restricted to Black men. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome and religious service attendance was the primary independent variable. Findings from Cox proportional hazards models indicated participants who attended at least once per week were 18% less likely to die than their peers who did not attend a religious service at all (fully adjusted HR 0.82; CI 0.68-0.99). The robust association between religious service attendance and mortality among Black men suggest that prospective studies are needed to further examine the influence of religion on health among this population.

The Effects of Religiosity on Depression Trajectories Before and After Widowhood

Widowhood is associated with decreased emotional well-being, particularly increased depression. Religiosity may help improve mental health among widowed individuals. However, longitudinal studies exploring the role of religiosity on emotional well-being among widowed older adults is lacking, as are studies which examine this relationship using different dimensions of religiosity. This study analyzed data from the 2006-2016 waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Trajectories of depression among older adults &gt;50 years (N=5,486) were examined to explore patterns of depression among those entering widowhood and the potential impact of religiosity on depressive symptoms during widowhood. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used to examine the association between widowhood and depression as well as the role of religiosity as a moderator of this association. Older adults experienced an increase in depressive symptomology after the onset of widowhood, and although the levels of depressive symptomology decrease post-widowhood, they do not return to their pre-widowhood levels. Additionally, high religious service attendance and higher intrinsic religiosity were both associated with lower depressive symptomology. High religious service attendance moderated the relationship between widowhood and depression. The relationship between high religious service attendance and depression was stronger among widowed older adults living alone. This study highlights the long-term effects of widowhood on depressive symptomology among older adults. The findings also suggest that higher religious service attendance can lessen the effects of widowhood on depressive symptoms, especially for those living alone. These findings may inform intervention development around increased screening and treatment for depression.

Conservative Christianity and Intimate Partner Violence in Brazil

Based on empirical research in a women’s shelter in São Paulo, Brazil, this article examines how ‘secular’ professionals and service users negotiate conservative Christian faith, gender roles and domestic violence. The article demonstrates how staff use theological arguments with feminist interpretations of religion, in order to better communicate with abused women of faith. A key finding is that both the religious service users and the ‘secular’ professionals discover it is not religion per se which allows for situations of violence, but rather the patriarchal way in which conservative Christianity is taught in some churches, ultimately functioning as a method of controlling women. Moreover, through feminist consciousness-raising and attention to women’s rights, some abused women of faith find ways of negotiating the violence they experience, leading to an understanding of it as both personal and political.

School types in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood: An outcome-wide analysis

While past empirical studies have explored associations between types of primary and secondary schools and student academic achievement, outcomes beyond academic performance remain less well-understood. Using longitudinal data from a cohort of children (N = 12,288, mean age = 14.56 years) of nurses, this study examined associations between the types of schools participants attended in adolescence and a wide range of subsequent psychological well-being, social engagement, character strengths, mental health, health behavior and physical health outcomes. Results in this sample suggested little difference between attending private independent schools and public schools across outcomes in young adulthood. There were, however, notable differences in subsequent outcomes comparing homeschooling and public schools, and possibly some evidence comparing religious schools and public schools. Specifically, there was some evidence that attending religious schools versus public schools was associated with a higher likelihood of frequent religious service attendance and becoming registered voters, a lower risk of overweight/obese, fewer lifetime sexual partners, and a higher risk of subsequently being binge drinkers; however, these associations were not robust to correction for multiple testing. Homeschooling compared with public schooling was associated with subsequently more frequent volunteering (ß = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.52), greater forgiveness (ß = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.46), and more frequent religious service attendance (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.80), and possibly also with greater purpose in life, less marijuana use, and fewer lifetime sexual partners, but negatively associated with college degree attainment (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.88) and possibly with greater risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. These results may encourage education stakeholders to consider a wider range of outcomes beyond academic performance in decision-making.

The ministry of sound

Every week, more than a million people attend a religious service in one of England’s 16,000 Anglican parish churches. In doing so, almost all will participate in communal singing as a member of the dynamic ensemble that is a parish church congregation. What are the functions of these ensembles? What are their social dynamics? How do their members regard them? And how do these ensembles mediate, become mediated by, and manifest in the music itself? Building on the growing body of Christian congregational music literature, this chapter discusses the findings of an empirical study of one church, and explores how music-making can impact on the individuals and ensembles who participate in it, and on the music they, collectively, produce.

Concierto de Aranjuez for modern classical guitar and symphony orchestra by Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre: stylistic and genre features

Concierto de Aranjuez for classical guitar and symphony orchestra written by the Spanish composer Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre in 1939 is in the author’s spotlight. The traditional tripartite structure with the tempo correlation Allegro con spirito-Adagio-Allegro gentile fits perfectly into the genre canons of a classical concert: not coincidentally this concert is considered an eloquent example of Spanish Neoclassicism. The particular significance is the sound concept of the second movement based on the melodic legitimacy of saelta, a religious song appeared as an imitation of the psalmody of the canonical religious service. The texts of saelta reflect events and emotions of the Holy Week. Thanks to the fact that a genre of secular music involves the concepts and means of musical expression of a religious genre, adds to the second part an enormous depth and sensitivity, provoking a very strong emotional reaction of the listener. We mention in parentheses that Concierto de Aranjues is one of the most performed concerts for modern classical guitar in the world, while the second part is very often performed as an autonomous creation.

The Word ‘Lebai’ and Its Ethnic Origins: Reassessing an Early Designation for Muslim Religious Officials in the Malay World

This article proposes a new etymon for the Malay word lebai (minor religious official/scholar), namely the Sino-Muslim term libai (禮拜, worship or religious service conducted in a mosque). Scholars have traditionally argued that lebai, a loanword introduced during the early stages of Islamization, derives from the Tamil leppai (or lebbai), likewise signifying (amongst other things) a minor religious official/scholar. On this basis, it has been argued that Tamil Muslims acted as Southeast Asia’s earliest Islamic officials. This article critically reassesses the evidence underlying this attribution. By tracing the earliest known Malay usage of lebai to Java –where it emerged alongside Sino-Muslim influences associated with Cirebon, Gresik and Demak– the etymon libai is proposed: since the Song dynasty (960-1279), Sino-Muslims have used the noun libai as a designate for religious affairs (particularly prayers) conducted in a mosque. This study suggests that lebai originates with this term, making it indicative of Sino-Muslim influence during Java’s Islamization.