Myth and Reality

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Elissa Bemporad
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Jewry

Chapter 5 maps out the social life of the myth (and reality) centered on the absence of pogroms. It captures the use of the term in calls to reject Jewish political agency and resist Stalin’s policies. While the state stigmatized this form of violence, pogroms did occur on rare occasions. They were an exception to the rule until World War II, which drastically changed the habits and discourses of violence: pogroms reappeared in the context of collaboration with German forces. The return of the unthinkable was triggered by the idiosyncratic contingencies of war: in 1945 a pogrom broke out in Kiev. The myth of Soviet Jewry was temporarily shattered. During the postwar years the state reasserted its monopoly over violence. And while it promoted antisemitism and ignored the complaints of Jews bewildered by the change, it never crossed the line of tolerating eruptions of spontaneous violence against them.

The Elusive Search for Evidence: Evgenii Khaldei’s Budapest Ghetto, Images of Rape, and Soviet Holocaust Photography

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
David Shneer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Social History ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet Jews ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

I began studying Soviet photography in the early 2000s. To be more specific, I began studying Soviet photographers, most of whom had “Jewish” written on their internal passports, as I sought to understand how it was possible that a large number of photographers creating images of World War II were members of an ethnic group that was soon to be persecuted by the highest levels of the state. I ended up uncovering the social history of Soviet Jews and their relationship to photography, as I also explored how their training in the 1920s and 1930s shaped the photographs they took during World War II.

scholarly journals Social Condition Reflected in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Fita Chyntia ◽  
Multhahada Ramadhani Siregar ◽  
Roni Hikmah Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
The Social ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Post War ◽  
Character Types

This paper discusses the absurd character types that exist in Samuel Beckett’s play, Waiting for Godot. Vladimir, Estragon, Pozzo and Lucky are the four contradictory yet dependent characters in the play. The absurd characters reflect the social condition of the time, post – World War II. The characters are pictured waiting for the completion of the war in the hope that it will come. Their fate can be changed instantly, the same as the state of war. Besides discussing the characters in the drama, this paper also discusses the characteristics of the language used by the characters. The language used is unreasonable, not in accordance with what is said or how they act; it is called “verbal nonsense”. The interpretations of the dialogue among the characters in the play will give a better picture of each character and how they can be related to societal conditions. Keywords: Theater of Absurd, Character Types, Post-War, Social Condition

scholarly journals How the Female Subject was Tempered. An Instructive History of 8 March and Its Media Representation in Naša Žena (Our Woman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Paula Petričević
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstract The author explores the socialist emancipation of women in Montenegro during World War II and its aftermath, using the example of the 8 March celebrations. The social life of this ‘holiday of the struggle of all the women in the world’ speaks powerfully of the strength and fortitude involved in the mobilization of women during the war and during the postwar building of socialist Yugoslavia, as well as the sudden modernization and unprecedented political subjectivation of women. The emancipatory potential of these processes turned out to be limited in the later period of stabilization of Yugoslav state socialism and largely forgotten in the postsocialist period. The author argues that the political subjectivation of women needs to be thought anew, as a process that does not take place in a vacuum or outside of a certain ideological matrix, whether socialist or liberal.

scholarly journals Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Communist Regime: an Outlook on Educational Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Snježana Šušnjara
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Social ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

Bosnia and Herzegovina as one of the nine republics of Yugoslavia was always among the poorest republics in the former state. However, the school system, as it was the case in the totalitarian regimes, was under direct control of the state. The state had the power to influence school programs and to decide who could apply for school profession. After World War II, education became compulsory for all children and the state could have influenced easily all aspects of education. The state conception how to educate a new society and how to produce a common Yugoslav identity was in focus of the new ideology and those who did not agree with this concept were exposed to negative connotations and even to persecution. Human rights of an individual were openly proclaimed but not respected. Totalitarian societies commonly expect the system of education to operate as a main transformational force that will facilitate the creation of the new man in the social order they have proclaimed. After the split of the Soviet model of pedagogy (1945–1949), the changes occurred in education when the communists established a new regime with universal characteristics of the Yugoslavian education which differentiated among the republics in accordance with their own specificities. Bosnia and Herzegovina with its multi-ethnic nature occupied a special place inside the common state as a model that served as a creation of possible, multiethnic, socialist Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals ХУМАНИТАРНА И ВАСПИТНООБРАЗОВНА УЛОГА ЖЕНСКЕ ПОДРУЖИНЕ И ЊЕНЕ ЗАНАТСКЕ ШКОЛЕ У НИШУ ОД ОСНИВАЊА ДО ПОЧЕТКА ДРУГОГ СВЕТСКОГ РАТА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Мирјана Стакић ◽  
Слађана Видосављевић
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Trade School ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Methods

In this paper, by applying historical methods and the pedagogical documentation analysis, we examine the humanitarian and general educational role of the Female community of Niš and its trade school since its establishment until the beginning of World War II. The community of Niš was established after the liberation from the Turks at the beginning of 1879, as a branch of the Female community of Belgrade. The communities represented humanitarian organizations that took care of the protection of women and their rights to enlightenment, and were directly involved in the establishment and operation of the Women's Trade school of Niš (founded in 1883). Women were more able to bond, to make lingerie and dresses during education. Despite the minimal representation of general subjects, the Female community of Niš and its trade school enabled organized institutional education of members, meaning women, through their active humanitarian and general educational operation. The female students who finished this school, were able to perform handicraft work and thus got the opportunity to, actively along with men, participate in the social life of Serbia in the first half of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals "Model Cultural Village": Architectural Dreams and Reality of the 1920-1930s

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Yuliya L. Kosenkova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The State ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article is dedicated to the planning and development of the countryside in the 1920-1930s, both in the context of the rural social policy and in connection to the general orientation of Soviet town planning of this period. The idea of a "Model Cultural Village", which should've been shown to peasants as an example for imitation, was formed in the first post-revolutionary years. Depending on the changing construction policy of the State in the 1920-1930s, this idea was embodied in various projects, but all of them were far from the real situation in the countryside. In particular, attempts to create "exemplary" and then the "standard" projects of the planning of collective and state farm settlements, not based on the study of specific data, are considered. The article shows the birth of scientific approach to the individual rural design based on pre-project studies in the second half of the 1930s. Such an approach was developed by the institutes of communal hygiene, but it did not manage to develop before the World War II. The social life basis in the countryside was unsustainable, and in the pre-war years the state policy regarding the planning of the countryside became much more strict. The struggle with the so-called "extravagances" began. This trend was in contradiction with the slogan of "blurring the differences between urban areas and the countryside". The article shows the gradual simplification of the concept of "agro­town" - from agro-industrial plants, conceived in a big way in thelate 1920s, to a minimum equipping of the countryside. At the same time, the search for a visual image of the Soviet countryside was mainly reduced to competition projects of various "types" of clubs and community centers.

Nature Behind Barbed Wire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Y. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
Us History ◽  
War Relocation Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Japanese Ancestry

The mass imprisonment of over 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry during World War II was one of the most egregious violations of civil liberties in US history. Removed from their homes on the temperate Pacific Coast, Japanese Americans spent the war years in ten desolate camps in the nation’s interior. Although scholars and commentators acknowledge the harsh environmental conditions of these camps, they have turned their attention to the social, political, or legal dimensions of this story. Nature Behind Barbed Wire shifts the focus to the natural world and explores how it shaped the experiences of Japanese Americans and federal officials who worked for the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the civilian agency that administered the camps. The complexities of the natural world both enhanced and constrained the WRA’s power and provided Japanese Americans with opportunities to redefine the terms and conditions of their confinement. Even as the environment compounded their feelings of despair and outrage, they also learned that their willingness (or lack thereof) to transform and adapt to the natural world could help them endure and even contest their incarceration. Ultimately, this book demonstrates that the Japanese American incarceration was fundamentally an environmental story. Japanese Americans and WRA officials negotiated the terms of confinement with each other and with a dynamic natural world.

The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.

Epistemic competitions over Jewish Holocaust survivors’ stories in interviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652199214
Author(s):  
Kim Schoofs ◽  
Dorien Van De Mieroop
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
World War ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Expert Status ◽  
The One

In this article, we scrutinise epistemic competitions in interviews about World War II. In particular, we analyse how the interlocutors draw on their epistemic authority concerning WWII to construct their interactional telling rights. On the one hand, the analyses illustrate how the interviewers rely on their historical expert status – as evidenced through their specialist knowledge and ventriloquisation of vicarious WWII narratives – in order to topicalise certain master narratives and thereby attempt to project particular identities upon the interviewees. On the other hand, the interviewees derive their epistemic authority from their first-hand experience as Jewish Holocaust survivors, on which they draw in order to counter these story projections, whilst constructing a more distinct self-positioning to protect their nuanced personal identity work. Overall, these epistemic competitions not only shaped the interviewees’ identity work, but they also made the link between storytelling and the social context more tangible as they brought – typically rather elusive – master narratives to the surface.

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