Who Sings the Song of the Russian Soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Karnes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
The West ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Karnes’s chapter examines the Crimean War’s Baltic theater. It considers ways in which acts of listening structured understandings of conscription, encampment, combat, and mourning as experienced by individuals stationed or living on the eastern Baltic Coast. It focuses in particular mass mobilization of Russian troops, which occasioned many first encounters: between culturally heterogeneous Romanov subjects; between “Russians” and Europeans from the West; and between Europeans both Eastern and Western, as well as non-European others. The chapter argues that such encounters refashioned mental geographies of Europe, and that listening to others’ voices in wartime had the power to shatter habitual associations between peoples and spaces.

scholarly journals Revisiting the “West-Baltic” Type Hydronymy in Central Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Gusenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The West ◽  
East European ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Distribution Scheme ◽  
Eastern Baltic

The article examines the substrate hydronymy of the middle Oka and the Dnieper regions (ending in -va, -da, etc.) that is typically attributed to the West-Baltic toponymic stratum and associated with the language of the Moschinskaya archaeological culture and the related archaeological sites. The author analyzed its spatial distribution in the East European Plain. The study has found that: 1) the spread of names of waterbodies ending in -va correlates with the distribution scheme of substrate Baltic hydronymy in general and the monuments of the Dnieper-Dvina, Yukhnovskaya, and Late Dyakovo cultures of the Early Iron Age; 2) the spread of hydronyms with zh/z sound variation (including as a distinctive feature) correlates with the Krivich and Radimich culture areas, and the range of Russian dialects with lisping pronunciation which makes no difference between sibilants and hushing sounds; 3) Baltic hydronymy ending in -da is not attested in the area of the Moschinskaya culture and related archaeological sites; 4) among the names with the root ape-/upe- found in the same cultural milieu, only those containing Eastern Baltic variant are verifiable; 5) the hypothesis for East Baltic origination of the names with the root stab- is not inferior to the West Baltic; 6) there are no sufficient grounds for tracing some river names to the Prussian words pannean and sug since most of these hydronyms refer to a later period while the others have more plausible explanations; 7) for some hydronyms (Zerna, Opochinka, Ponya, Sezhikovka, etc.) the substrate origin is not confirmed. Based on the above observations, the hypothesis for the presence of a West-Baltic layer of hydronymy in the middle Oka region and the consequent assumption of the West-Baltic origin of the Moshinskaya culture were disputed.

scholarly journals Effects of NAO on the climatic water budget at the Polish southern Baltic coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Świątek
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
The West ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Nao Index ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

AbstractEffects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Standardized Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI), a metric of the climate-dependent water budget, in the Polish part of the southern Baltic coastal areas were analysed. The analyses were based on monthly NAO index values calculated by P.D. Jones, T. Jonsson, and D. Wheeler for 1951-2010 and on monthly temperatures and sums of precipitation in Szczecin, Ustka, and Elbląg used to calculate SPEI. No strong effects of NAO on the water budget could be demonstrated. Intensified air mass advection from the west was found to slightly reduce SPEI in the Polish coastal zone. In winter (particularly in February), the reduction was caused by the temperature increase during air mass advection from the west, which increases evaporation. In summer (mainly in August), the effect was due to the decreased sum of precipitation, the reduction, however, not being significant. Therefore, NAO effects on the water budget are considered weak and irregular.

scholarly journals Industrialization and Democracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam van Noort
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Large Share ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employment Data

I provide a new theory of the relationship between economic development and democracy. I argue that a large share of employment in manufacturing (i.e., industrialization) makes mass mobilization both more likely to occur and more costly to suppress. This increases the power of the masses relative to autocratic elites, making democracy more likely. Novel manufacturing employment data for 145 countries over 170 years (1845--2015) supports this hypothesis. First, all highly developed countries in the West and East Asia democratized when approximately 25% of their workforce was employed in manufacturing, and virtually no other country has ever reached this level without eventually becoming a well-functioning democracy. Second, industrialization is strongly correlated with democracy, even after accounting for two-way fixed effects and other economic determinants of democracy (e.g., income and inequality). Last, unlike with other economic determinants the effect occurs on both transitions and consolidations, and is equally large after WWII.

A new species of Aspidiophorus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from the Swedish west coast

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (2) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS KÅNNEBY ◽  
M. ANTONIO TODARO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
A New Species

Gastrotricha is a group of small aquatic acoelomate animals with more than 820 species worldwide (Balsamo et al. 2015). The Swedish gastrotrich fauna today comprises 94 nominal species of which 40 are marine and 54 are freshwater (Curini-Galletti et al. 2012; Kånneby 2011). Of these, 69 species belong to the order Chaetonotida Remane, 1925 and 25 species belong to the order Macrodasyida Remane, 1925. Compared to other relatively well investigated countries in the region, the Swedish marine Gastrotrich fauna of the west coast appears fairly surveyed. In fact, 38 species have been recorded from Norway (Clausen 2004; Schmidt 1972), while 15 species have been recorded from the seas surrounding the Danish mainland (Grilli et al. 2010). The Swedish brackish waters of the Baltic have a lower diversity and so far only 7 species are known from this area (Kånneby 2011; unpublished observations). By comparison, 31 species have been recorded from the Polish Baltic coast (Hummon 2008; Kolicka et al. 2015). In this paper we describe a new species of Aspidiophorus found during an intensive research on the gastrotrich fauna of the surroundings of the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences (Kristineberg) on the Swedish west coast carried out in the summer of 2009. 

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