Addendum

Author(s):  
R. Zachary Manis

There is currently a growing movement among some Christian philosophers to defend Reformed/Calvinist theological commitments with analytical precision and rigor. A number of the characteristic commitments of Reformed theology bear importantly on the problem of hell; the most important of these is theological determinism, which, when combined with a rejection of universalism, raises a host of serious problems. In addition to exacerbating concerns about divine justice and love, there are at least two doxastic problems that are unique to Calvinism. First is the problem of faith: a necessary condition of faith is trust, but a thorough understanding of the implications of Calvinist theology would seem to undermine one’s grounds for reasonably trusting God. Second is the problem of hope: Calvinism is incompatible with at least one of the deepest hopes of the Christian faith, while encouraging another hope that is thoroughly unedifying, and perhaps even despairing.

Author(s):  
David VanDrunen

This chapter considers key themes from Thomas Aquinas’ view of the natural knowledge of God, or natural theology, from the opening of his Summa theologiae. It is written from the perspective of Reformed theology, which has traditionally supported natural theology of a certain kind, despite its recent reputation as an opponent of natural theology. According to Thomas, natural theology is insufficient for salvation and is inevitably laden with errors apart from the help of supernatural revelation. But human reason, operating properly, can demonstrate the existence and certain attributes of God from the natural order, and this natural knowledge constitutes preambles to the articles of the Christian faith. The chapter thus engages in a critically sympathetic analysis of these themes and suggests how a contemporary reception of Thomas might appropriate them effectively.


1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Peter M. Schmiechen

Since the time of Abelard's criticism of the Cur Deus Homo? in the name of the love of God, Anselm has been the continual object of attack. To his opponents he is the symbol of legalism and a divine justice so void of mercy that it borders on vengeance. In our time, even the charge of Pelagianism has been introduced, as Gustaf Aulén has attempted to draw a line of orthodoxy from Paul through Irenaeus to Luther, thereby excluding nearly everyone else from the so-called orthodox classical theory of atonement.1 In spite of this continuous attack, many have persistently upheld Anselm's position because they see in his approach to the atonement a point of view that is essential to the Christian faith.


Author(s):  
Rothney S. Tshaka

This article was first given as an inaugural lecture. As such, it sets out a particular agenda for the researcher’s interest. Here, the notions of being African and Reformed are interrogated. The research notes that these notions are rarely used in the same vein. It is admitted that notions tend to pick up different meanings as they evolve, so these notions are especially seen in that light. The theological hegemony, which in the South African academic circles had become enveloped in the Reformed identity, is here forced to critically consider Africanness. This is considered significant, especially in a context where the Christian faith is seen to be flourishing in the global South. The article challenges attempts at explaining what Africanness mean as a front to perpetuate a status quo that from its inception never thought much of Africa and or Africanness. The author argues that the African Reformed Christian must acknowledge is status as a partial outsider in Reformed theological discourses.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
K. SCOTT OLIPHINT

There is no way to state the impact of Dr. R. C. Sproul adequately. The impact on people could perhaps be measured, but the immeasurable spiritual impact that R. C.’s teaching has had on so many can only be quantified by the Lord himself. Its vast reach will always remain incalculable to us. No one has had more influence on students coming to Westminster Theological Seminary than R. C. Sproul. Whenever I ask a student why he has come to Westminster to study, almost invariably R. C.’s teaching will be a significant part of the story. His ability to persuade people of the biblical logic of Reformed theology was without equal. His passion for defending the Christian faith was palpable in almost every word he spoke. As we mourn his loss and extend our prayers to his family, we praise our Savior for R. C.’s life and ministry. It has been a privilege to live in a time when that ministry has had an effect over a number of decades. Surely such times are rare, because such gifts, passions, and abilities are so rarely distributed to just one person. As he peers now on the holiness of God in Christ, we rejoice that R. C.’s life-long passion has finally been realized. Soli Deo gloria.


1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Manase Gulo

Understanding salvation is an urgent finality for human life. Because by understanding clearly human safety is not trapped into the practice of life which imposes itself. Therefore the presentation of the doctrine of Salvation from the perspective of Reform Theology is expected to help believers be able to interpret the salvation received from Jesus Christ. The doctrine of salvation is an important part of thinking about the Christian faith. Because the doctrine provides direction and certainty how human life is saved. At present there is a great deal of understanding being raised regarding the doctrine of salvation. Therefore, through this paper, we explain the doctrine of salvation from the perspective of Reformed Theology. Why? Because this theology has been proven time-tested and persists in strong soteriological teachings. May through this writing the insight of believers soteriology can be deeper.


Author(s):  
Jack A. Bonsor

Rahner sought to offer an account of the Christian faith that would be credible to the modern mind. His early philosophical works lay the foundation for this theological project. Using both the method and categories of the early Heidegger, Rahner placed the thought of the medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas in conversation with modern philosophy. He asked of Aquinas’ epistemology Kant’s question about the conditions of human subjectivity which make knowledge possible. Rahner argued that Aquinas’ description of knowledge and human freedom requires, as its necessary condition, that the subject possess an openness to a universal horizon of being, an openness to God. There is, in the structure of subjectivity, a constitutive, experiential, a priori relationship with the divine mystery. While this openness occurs within an individual’s self-awareness, it is always mediated by and interpreted through the objects, people, language and ideas that make up one’s historical context (the categorical). In his theology, Rahner argued that the true nature of humanity’s relationship with God had been revealed by Jesus to be one of absolute nearness. Rahner rendered Christian doctrines credible by correlating them with the transcendental experience of a God who is near.


2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callie F.C. Coetzee

The doctrine on Christ brings us to the heart of our Christian faith and also that of dogmatics and theology in general. It is therefore not strange that theological research throughout history, and even more so today, focuses to a great extent on Christology. The problem statement of this article is that the traditional reformed doctrine on Christ, and in close connection to that the traditional doctrine on eschatology, is threatened. The aim of the article is to investigate a certain aspect of the current debate from a South African point of view in order to determine what the road ahead should be for reformed theology. This is done from within the paradigm of the Calvinistic-reformed tradition. Apart from a short historical overview, the article deals with the viewpoint of four South African theologians, namely Spangenberg, Van Aarde, Müller and Bosch, whose viewpoints clearly illustrate the difference between a more confessional, Scriptural approach and a more critical approach, especially with regard to the divine nature and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. One’s view on the resurrection of Christ has implications for one’s view on eschatology. It is the task of the reformed theology, in the interim period between the ascension and the second coming of Christ, to proclaim and glorify the risen, eschatological Christ.Die leer aangaande Christus bring ons by die hart van ons Christelike geloof en so ook by die hart van dogmatiek en teologie in die algemeen. Dit is daarom nie vreemd dat teologiese navorsing dwarsdeur die geskiedenis, en ook vandag, op die Christologie fokus nie. Die probleemstelling van hierdie artikel is dat die tradisionele reformatoriese leer aangaande Christus, en in noue verband daarmee ook die tradisionele leer oor die eskatologie, bedreig word. Die doel van die artikel is om ’n bepaalde aspek van die huidige debat te ondersoek vanuit die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ten einde te bepaal wat die toekomstaak van ’n reformatoriese teologie moet wees. Die ondersoek word gedoen vanuit die paradigma van die Calvinisties-reformatoriese tradisie. Behalwe vir ’n kort historiese oorsig, word die standpunte van vier Suid-Afrikaanse teoloë, naamlik Spangenberg, Van Aarde, Müller en Bosch aan die orde gestel. Uit hierdie standpunte word die verskil tussen ’n meer belydende, Skriftuurlike benadering en ’n meer kritiese benadering duidelik, veral met betrekking tot die Goddelike natuur en die opstanding van Christus. Die siening van die opstanding van Christus het verreikende implikasies vir die leer van die eskatologie. Die taak van ’n reformatoriese Teologie, in die interim tyd tussen hemelvaart en wederkoms, is om die opgestane, eskatologiese Christus te verkondig en verheerlik.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
John Kuriakose

<p><em>The Book of Job</em>, as a biblical book, which “does not have a literary parallel in ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature,” continues to be an enigma to scholars. Its puzzles mainly concern its roots, genre and structure. Though the book exhibits a variety of generic features creating the impression of a work of multiple authors, a careful look at its form reveals that for its structural organization, its author has relied much on the form of Greek rhetoric, which Aristotle explains in his work, On<em> Rhetoric,</em> of the mid-350’s BCE. Thus, as a testament of Judeo-Christian faith and the Hebrew concept of divine justice, it has the structural frame of the Athenian judicial rhetoric. Also, it has the generic features of the Greek dramatic, Hebrew epic and fairytale traditions. These features undermine the theory of multiple authorship of the book. Presumably, it was written by a Jew who was well-versed in Hebrew traditions and faith, well-informed on the literary traditions of the time, and well-trained in the art of Greek rhetoric and drama. And hence, <em>The Book of Job</em> deserves to be called a Greco-Hebrew Rhetorical Drama.</p>


Author(s):  
Adrio König

Kingdom Theology and Covenant Theology One of the tasks of Systematic Theology is to relate different aspects of the Christian Faith. This is often done by using a key concept. Well-known in Reformed Theology are the concepts Kingdom of God and Covenant. To put a theology developed along one key concept over against other theologies, is a rather apologetic and unfruitful approach. To relate such theologies meaningfully to each other, is an ecumenical, daring and rewarding approach. Both a Kingdom Theology and a Covenant Theology can be enriched by such an exercise. A Kingdom Theology tends to become impersonal and hard, while a Covenant approach may foster familiarity. Mutual exposure may prevent such extremes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Montmerle

AbstractFor life to develop, planets are a necessary condition. Likewise, for planets to form, stars must be surrounded by circumstellar disks, at least some time during their pre-main sequence evolution. Much progress has been made recently in the study of young solar-like stars. In the optical domain, these stars are known as «T Tauri stars». A significant number show IR excess, and other phenomena indirectly suggesting the presence of circumstellar disks. The current wisdom is that there is an evolutionary sequence from protostars to T Tauri stars. This sequence is characterized by the initial presence of disks, with lifetimes ~ 1-10 Myr after the intial collapse of a dense envelope having given birth to a star. While they are present, about 30% of the disks have masses larger than the minimum solar nebula. Their disappearance may correspond to the growth of dust grains, followed by planetesimal and planet formation, but this is not yet demonstrated.


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