Hierarchies and Universal Inclusion in Scientific Communities

This chapter explains the genesis of inequalities and hierarchies in modern science. It studies the forms and mechanisms of scientific communication on the basis of which the social structures of science are built: publications, authorship, co- and multiple authorship, citations as units of information and as social rewards, peer review as evaluation of publications (and of projects and careers). This is a network of institutions that seems to guarantee universal access to participation in science to all those who fulfill basic conditions. But the chapter demonstrates how in all these institutional dimensions differences arise between successful and not equally successful participations. Success generates influence and social attractiveness (e.g. as a co-author). Influential and attractive participants are recruited into positions where they assess the achievements of others and thereby limit and control inclusion in publications, funding and careers. Equality at the start is transformed into hierarchies of control. Finally, the chapter asks for potential alternative control structures that transform a conservative hierarchy into decentralized ‘market’ controls that involve everyone in a more dynamic production and evaluation of scientific achievements.

Collaborative Authorship and Postmigration in Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s Novel Montecore

Montecore. En unik tiger (2006) stages its own making through the joint authorship of Kadir, a friend of Abbas’, and Jonas, a young writer and Abbas’ son. Their collaboration aims at a novel about Abbas, who migrated from Tunisia to Sweden, now a missing person. The interpretation of his life proves to be a conflicting ground for the co-authors because of their generational differences. This article proposes an analysis of Montecore building upon the notion of collaborative or multiple authorship (Stillinger 1991; Love 2002), and upon the discussion in Scandinavia and in Germany on contemporary migration and postmigration literature. Through a metafictional collaborative authorship – a so far neglected dimension in the study of Montecore – Jonas Hassen Khemiri depicts a young author’s ambivalent feelings towards his father and his story. Abbas has vanished from the family, but his special gift to Jonas, through Kadir’s mediation, deals with a linguistic talent that defies the rules of Swedish, showing the power of language to invent, and to imagine a different and less oppressive order.

Tourism and Hospitality Research in the Peripheries: Thematic Focus and a Research Agenda from Ghana

Increasing debates on decolonising tourism and hospitality knowledge production have emerged in the context of a largely Western-dominated canon of the research production and dissemination system. This paper contributes to these debates by highlighting and centring the research in and on Ghana. This is accomplished by reviewing and synthesising 238 tourism and hospitality articles authored by 520 authors over 31 years through content analysis. The sample shows a trend toward increased use of quantitative methodology, multiple authorship and underrepresentation of hospitality research. By outlining current thematic convergence, divergence and omissions, we set out a future research agenda. Our findings demonstrate that while research productivity has been increasing consistently , there is a very limited representation of Ghanaian (African) tourism and hospitality research scholarship in the top-tier tourism and hospitality journals. This raises concerns about the need and challenge of increasing the representation and visibility of tourism and hospitality research from the peripheries.

The Mystery of “Collaboration” in Henry James

This article argues for the importance of collaboration as a species of literary relation in Henry James’s work. Collaboration was increasingly popular towards the end of the nineteenth century, and yet, James’s interest in and occasional practice of this compositional mode has been largely overlooked. This is partly due to James’s own ambivalent and contested relationship with multiple authorship, most obviously in his contribution to The Whole Family. However, James’s frequent identification of collaboration as a “mystery” indicates the extent to which it exerted a considerable influence over his imagination and thinking, and its association with some of his most formative moments of novelistic and vocational self-awareness. “Collaboration” is also a literary subject in its own right, most obviously in James’s 1892 story of that name, and the depiction of the practice as a unifying, if occasionally divisive, ideal offers a complex and often enigmatic vision of sociable reciprocity.

Extravagancias textuales de una suelta de La fingida Arcadia, comedia de tres ingenios

La fingida Arcadia’s textual transmission, play of multiple authorship, includes a suelta conserved just in Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (S3), that corresponds to a text very far from the rest of the tradition. The suelta maintains unaltered the plot of the original play, even if it modifies all over the dialogues, cuts or lengthens whole fragments, intensifies the courtisan features and, most of all, elaborates especially the burlesque motive of the mondongas. At the same time, the author omits all those elements related to the practice of multiple authorship in order to proclaim, indirectly, to be the author of a different play, announced by the modified title.

The Opportunities of the Performance-based Publication Model in Hungary

The performance-based publication model is a direct rewarding system among the scientific community, referring to the reward that authors receive for their publications. The amount of the reward depends on the citation index level of the journal in which a given article is published. Based on international best practices, the paper aims to investigate the possibilities of the implementation of this publication model within the Hungarian context. The model’s main advantage is that rewarding takes place at the individual level so its distribution is independent from the institutional level. After reviewing the best practices used in various countries worldwide, an empirical analysis is carried out which is based on the total number of publications in Hungary in 2019 indexed by Scopus. It means a total of 12,281 publications, based on scientometric indicators. Two models are used, model A considers the Hungarian co-authorship rate of the publications while model B takes the amount of the reward into account based on the publication without the co-authorship rate. Results show that in Hungary, the disciplines of Medicine and Engineering are the most competitive at an international level where we find a high proportion of highly indexed Q1 and Q2 publications. Beside these, results demonstrate the dominance of multiple authorship and journal articles in the research sample. As a conclusion, the proposed publication model could be implemented within the Hungarian context, based on the analysis, its estimated cost would be around 6 billion Hungarian forints.

Linguistics Characteristics of Social Network

In this paper we introduce the idea of an author about the use of slang language for the period of (16th -20th) century, while other give the use of slang language in the social network and the purpose of the said and the name giving to it. Also the factors that affect the variety of language which will reflect also on the language used in the internet. Hence a new linguistic expression was rising with the name of internet linguistic. We give also some popular internet slangs and its advantages also the emoticons and its different use between males and fameless and prefer to use the capitalize letters. This study also shows the effect of virtual communication on the individuals. We conclude that analytically the internet slang is a specific variety of language and characteristics according to the kind of output, also commonly used than speech, like feedback, emoticons, multiple conversations, hypertext links, persistence, and multiple authorship. Moreover it challenged the cooperative and politeness principles, relevance theory, humor, economy, and tolerance, it express the social identity, rather than illiteracy or the character limit of message services.

Multiple authorship in Anna Karenina (1935): Adapting Tolstoy’s literary classic in the Hollywood studio era

Among the numerous film adaptations of Anna Karenina, the 1935 version produced by David O. Selznick for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer remains one of the most acclaimed and celebrated – undoubtedly owing to its high production values and the performance and ‘star presence’ of the legendary Greta Garbo. However, the film has also been criticized for distorting and simplifying Tolstoy’s literary classic. In this article, I focus on the process of transposing Anna Karenina into the Hollywood screen version, locating causes of the adaptation process in extra-textual factors. Specifically, I address the economic and industry discourse represented by the MGM studio and its house style; the censorship discourse represented by the Production Code Administration, Hollywood’s self-regulatory body headed by Joseph Breen; and the star discourse represented by Garbo. In the process, I identify and describe the industrial, economic and cultural determinants which brought about MGM’s version of Anna Karenina. At the same time, by perceiving Selznick, Breen and Garbo as co-authors of the film, I redefine and complicate the issue of authorship.