Rahner, Karl (1904–84)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Bonsor
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Modern Mind ◽  
The Subject

Rahner sought to offer an account of the Christian faith that would be credible to the modern mind. His early philosophical works lay the foundation for this theological project. Using both the method and categories of the early Heidegger, Rahner placed the thought of the medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas in conversation with modern philosophy. He asked of Aquinas’ epistemology Kant’s question about the conditions of human subjectivity which make knowledge possible. Rahner argued that Aquinas’ description of knowledge and human freedom requires, as its necessary condition, that the subject possess an openness to a universal horizon of being, an openness to God. There is, in the structure of subjectivity, a constitutive, experiential, a priori relationship with the divine mystery. While this openness occurs within an individual’s self-awareness, it is always mediated by and interpreted through the objects, people, language and ideas that make up one’s historical context (the categorical). In his theology, Rahner argued that the true nature of humanity’s relationship with God had been revealed by Jesus to be one of absolute nearness. Rahner rendered Christian doctrines credible by correlating them with the transcendental experience of a God who is near.

scholarly journals Greek Music

1913 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
J. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Modern Mind ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Subject

The general conviction that the true nature of ancient Greek music is practically incomprehensible in modern times arises from many causes, of which the most potent are:—1. That hitherto all explanations have been based on the extant formal treatises, which deal either with the decadent elaborations of solo cithara-playing, or the purely theoretical calculations of the self-styled Pythagorean school, which latter professedly despised the actual performance of music.2. The attempts to elucidate the subject make no allowance for the fact that the extant specimens of noted music extend over a period of at least eight centuries, and no one explanation is likely to fit either the whole of these or the casual references to music to be found in general Greek literature.3. Thanks mainly to Aristoxenus, the modern mind has become so permeated by the quarter-tone theory of the enharmonic genus, that even so simple a record as the celebrated Euripides fragment has been generally interpreted as involving this minute interval. The arguments against this theory, at least as regards vocal music, are weighty and almost conclusive; but their full development requires more space than is available here.

scholarly journals INSTITUIÇÃO E INDIVÍDUO NA REFORMA ECLESIAL DE LUTERO E DE FRANCISCO

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mário De França Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Pope Francis

RESUMO: O texto busca confrontar a reforma de Lutero com a de Francisco na perspectiva da relação entre instituição eclesial e indivíduo cristão. Em sua primeira parte aborda a necessária conexão e interdependência do contexto histórico e a vivência pessoal da fé cristã, nem sempre devidamente correta ao longo da história do cristianismo. Em seguida vem tratada a reforma de Lutero: a decadente situação eclesial de seu tempo e sua luta pela liberdade do cristão, por um relacionamento pessoal com Deus na fé. A parte seguinte estuda, sob o mesmo prisma, a reforma eclesial do papa Francisco que propugna mudanças nas mentalidades e nas estruturas eclesiais em prol de um maior respeito à pessoa humana sempre acolhida por Deus misericordioso. Finalmente se alude brevemente a uma possível dimensão ecumênica da reforma em seus 500 anos.ABSTRACT: The text seeks to confront both Luther’s and Francis’ Reform in the perspective of relationship between ecclesial institution and the Christian individual. The first part takes on the necessary connection and inter-dependency of the historical context and the personal experience of Christian faith, not always evident throughout Christianity’s history. This is followed by Luther’s Reform: how the ecclesial situation decayed in his time and his fight for both Christian freedom and his personal relationship with God. The next part studies, under the same perspective, Pope Francis’ ecclesial reform, which calls for changes in both mindsets and ecclesial structures in favor of the human person with greater respect and a constant embrace from a merciful God. Finally, the text mentions, succinctly, the Reform’s possible ecumenical dimension over its 500 years.

Educación y valores

2014 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sabino de Juan López
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Problem Of The Criterion

RESUMEN En el artículo se ofrece una reflexión en torno a la educación y valores. Tras una referencia a los diferentes sentidos en que se puede plantear el problema en función de la forma como se puede entender la relación entre los dos sustantivos “educación” y “valores”, la reflexión se centra en algunos problemas relacionados con los valores en cuanto contenidos de la educación. Primeramente se refiere al problema del criterio en función del cual determinar los valores de la educación, concluyendo en que el criterio no podía ser ni de carácter a priori, ni empírico, sino “sintético”. A continuación, se afronta el problema del principio, de la fuente de los valores, o la concreción del criterio de los valores de la educación, entendiendo que éstos deberían ser determinados a partir del sujeto de la educación. Se concluye con la referencia a una exigencia de los valores de la educación, la configuración de una totalidad unitaria e interactiva. Palabras clave: educación, valores, fuente de valores, integración, cultura EDUCATION AND VALUES ABSTRACT The article offers a reflection on education and values. After a reference to the different senses in which one can pose the problem in terms of how you can understand the relationship between the two nouns “education” and “values”, reflection focuses on some problems related to the values in the contents of education. First, it concerns the problem of the criterion against which to determine the values of education, concluding that the criterion could be neither a priori in nature, not empirical, but “synthetic”. Herein, the problem of principle is faced, the source of values, or the realization of the criterion of the values of education, understanding that these should be determined from the subject of education. It concludes with the reference of a requirement of the values in education, setting up a unitary and interactive whole. Key Words: education, values , power values , integration, culture

Self and Selves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph C.S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Synthetic A Priori

Kant is committed to the reality of a subject self, outside time but active in forming experience. Timeless activity is problematic, but that can be dealt with. But he holds that the subject of experience is not an object of experience, so nothing can be known about it; this raises a problem about the status of his own theory. But he ought to allow that we can know of its existence and activity, as preconditions of experience: the Critique allows that synthetic a priori truths can be known in this way. However, its identity conditions remain unknowable. Kant’s unity of apperception shares much with Locke’s continuity of consciousness, but does not determine the identity of a thing. Personal identity is bodily identity. Only Kant’s moral philosophy justifies recognizing other selves; it could warrant ascribing a similar status to animals.

2. On the Preparation of Adamantine Carbon or Diamond

1882 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sydney Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Form ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The preparation of adamantine carbon or diamond has exercised the genius of philosophers from the very earliest times; but it was not until the middle of the last century (1772) that Lavoisier established the diamond's true nature—notwithstanding the simplicity of the experiments required to demonstrate the fact—and showed it to consist of pure carbon in a crystallised state. Since that time very many attempts have been made to prepare it artificially, but until the recent and now famous experiments of Mr J. B. Hannay there has not been the slightest approach towards the solution of this problem. Great obstacles stood in the way of success, the chief being the complete insolubility of carbon in all known liquids, coupled with its non-volatility and infusibility; while the subject was rendered even more difficult and obscure, by ignorance of the conditions under which the diamond is produced in nature, its peculiar crystalline form, together with extreme rarity, indicating a probable very slow formation, and rare natural existence of the conditions necessary for its formation.

scholarly journals An application of the theory of probabilities to the study of a priori pathometry.—Part II

1917 ◽  
Vol 93 (650) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Active Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Government Grant

Part I of this paper was published in the ‘Proceedings', A, vol. 92 (1916), having been read on November 11, 1915. In June last, the Royal Society was kind enough to give a Government Grant for providing me with assistance in order to complete the paper, and for carrying on further studies upon the subject; and Miss Hilda P. Hudson, M. A., Sc. D., was appointed for the work from May 1, 1916. The continuation of the paper has accordingly been written in conjunction with her; and I should like to take the opportunity to express my obligations to her for her valuable assistance, especially in regard to Part III—which is to appear shortly. I must apologise for the rather numerous small errors in Part I—due to the fact that the proofs were received by me when I was abroad on active service.

scholarly journals Meditation and perception: some notes on the psychology of religious mysticism

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Hjalmar Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Saint John ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mystical Experiences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Difference ◽  
John Of The Cross

The study of mysticism must be carried on with more attention paid to the meditative techniques used by mystics and to the problems of perception. In this paper the author presents some remarks on the difference between Saint Teresa and Saint John of the Cross, and then mentions some recent studies of meditation and some problems of perception. If meditative techniques have become of great importance in psychotheraphy, the organismic approach of the "mindcurers" and their results will permit us to complete phenomenological descriptions of mystic conscious states with more exact information of their physiological conditions. In this way "mystical experiences" in general can be seen as results of meditative techniques and we need not regard "an hysterical predisposition" of the subject as their necessary condition.

scholarly journals The Dimensions Of Emotional Intelligence And Its Relationship To Academic Achievement Of Social Studies For Students In South Batinah Governorate In The Sultanate Of Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif bin Darwish bin Said Al - Harasi - Michael Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Scholastic Achievement ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Random Method

The current study aimed at revealing the relationship of the dimensions of emotional intelligence according to the theory of Golman on the achievement of the study of the subject of social studies for students of South Batinah province in the Sultanate of Oman. The researchers used the descriptive correlation approach. The tool consisted of a questionnaire consisting of (50) Questions. Has been applied to all the states of South Batinah province consisting of six states, using the simple random method of (380) students. Using statistical methods in the SPSS program, the results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship at the level of (0.001 = α) for all dimensions of emotional intelligence towards the scholastic achievement of the subject of social studies, with the correlation between them (0.26). Emotional intelligence was associated with empathy after 0.89, emotional management of 0.89, social skills of 0.87, self-awareness of 0.83, and self-motivation of 0.81. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between scholastic achievement according to gender variable. The statistical function was 0.000 for the seventh grade with an average of (4.2), while the average grade was (3.7).

scholarly journals Riddle and secret: Laza Kostic and Branko Miljkovic around Heraclitus’ fire

Balcanica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 437-452
Author(s):  
Bogoljub Sijakovic
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Self ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Entire Cosmos ◽  
Creative Self

The culture of ancient Greece, and particularly its philosophy, contains paradigms that are predetermining, binding and eternally valid for the entire body of European culture. European culture and, in its distinctive way, Serbian culture, as an important dynamic motif has the need to constantly revisit Hellenic culture. This is in fact a productive (re) interpretation as a way of acquiring cultural self-awareness and self-knowledge. The entire cosmos and human fate in it are revealed in Hellenic thought as both a riddle and a secret. Both of these relationships to reality, in the model form found already in the work of Heraclitus, still characterize human thought and creation. The world seen as a riddle to be solved is the subject of many a discipline, and the secret that reveals itself to us provides the basis of faith and all arts. Two Serbian poets (although there are more) acquired their creative self-awareness around Heraclitus? concept of fire. In his scholarly and philosophical treatises Laza Kostic (1841-1910) turned to Heraclitus in a bid to solve the riddle of reality. In his contemplative-poetic works Branko Miljkovic (1934-1961) turned to Heraclitus seeking to uncover the secret of nothingness in the latter?s fire and to learn from the Ephesian?s foretokening that poetry is hermetic and loves to hide. Is there a deeper logic linking riddle and secret? Do science, philosophy, art and faith have a deeper unity? The answers are to be sought in Laza?s and Branko?s understanding of Heraclitus? fire.

scholarly journals Variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
A. Yе. Shevchenko ◽  
S. V. Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

The article explores the variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation. It has been determined that the variety of approaches to legal interpretation is due to the complexity of the nature of the origin of this phenomenon, the conditions for the development of post-non-classical science, and the recent influence of the paradigm of comparism, which assumes pluralism of opinions and ideas in legal research. It was found that in modern science there are four traditional theoretical approaches to the essence of legal interpretation. It has been determined that the content of the first approach is revealed within the framework of legal hermeneutics through a number of categories. The essence of the second approach (formal dogmatic or static) is expressed in the fact that the subject of interpretation must strictly and rigorously follow the letter of the law, establish only the meaning of the normative legal act, which the lawmaking body enshrined in it at the time of the publication of the act. That is why normative legal acts cannot, through interpretation, adapt to the changing economic, social, political, cultural internal and external conditions of public life. It is proved that the essence of the dynamic theoretical approach lies in the fact that the subject of legal interpretation adapts the normative legal act to the changes that occur in various social relations. It was found that there is a contradiction between the dynamic and static approaches in legal interpretation, which is reflected in the traditionally called objective and subjective theories of interpretation. According to the subjective theory, the purpose of legal interpretation is to establish the «will of the legislator», and according to the objective theory – to establish the «will of the law». It has been substantiated that the essence of the activity approach is that interpretation is considered as a special kind of legal activity aimed at understanding and clarifying the content of legal texts. The authors of this article point out that in order to establish the true nature of legal interpretation, the methodological foundations of the study should be presented much broader and more diverse, and not be limited only to traditional approaches. When studying it, a comprehensive, integrative approach is needed, which, based on the relevance of interdisciplinary relationships, would include logical, language (linguistic), philosophical, sociological, psychological, axiological (value), ethical, legal, historical, economic, political, mathematical and other substantiation of legal interpretation. Keywords: diversity, theoretical approach, legal interpretation, interpretive practice, integrative approach

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