Norms and Roles

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-167
Author(s):  
’Wale Oni
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Occupational Role ◽  
Journalistic Practice

This chapter presents an overview of literature on the function of social norms and roles in shaping emotions and beliefs, with particular attention to journalistic professional practice. Through the concepts of accountability, transparency, truth, and social responsibility, journalism is presented as a norm-driven socially constructed profession. For example, journalists’ intrinsic personal norms are shown to be stronger in predicting their behaviour compared with extrinsic influences, such as regulatory laws or organizational policies. This chapter also focusses on journalists’ changing concepts of their own occupational role. A case study is presented on the acceptance and use of digital technologies in journalism in Nigeria, which is discussed as a double-edged sword. Although broadcast journalists may be significantly empowered by the use of such technologies, there is also a perceived dumbing down effect on journalistic practice, such that certain normative roles (e.g., sourcing information and expertise) may be jeopardized and professional ethics violated.

scholarly journals Steven Salaita, the Critical Importance of Context, and Our Professional Ethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Sveta Stoytcheva
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
North American ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
The University ◽  
Institutional Oppression

Shared professional ethics are an important aspect of North American librarianship; these ethics highlight values including diversity, social responsibility, and intellectual freedom. However, these values are contested, politically charged signifiers that are often in conflict. This paper proposes an “ethics of contingency” for librarianship that acknowledges that our values are contextually bound and negotiated and explicitly draws attention to power. As a case study, the paper considers Steven Salaita’s dismissal from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the context of institutional oppression—a context that has been under-examined in discussions of the case within librarianship. Interrogating the issue through these lenses can help illuminate the stakes of this debate, and others like it, for our work as academic librarians.

Initial coin offerings: Linking technology and financialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560-1582
Author(s):  
Matthew Zook ◽  
Michael H. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings ◽  
Financial Practices

This paper elaborates on the interactions between digital technologies and financial practices and how they contribute to the ongoing process of financialization. We focus on the circumstances of blockchain-based token offerings and their contribution to reshaping existing systems of investment in startups. We show how future clients become investors via the initial coin offering (ICO) process. The paper is based on interviews with blockchain and industry practitioners during 2018 and 2019 and focuses on an in-depth case study of a specific ICO in early 2018. We suggest a framework consisting of catalysts, cracks and voids to analyze the financialization process and to inform theories of how financialization advances through the new spaces afforded by socially constructed technologies upon which entrepreneurs capitalize. With this framework we provide a better understanding of the mechanics behind financialization, particularly the ways in which business processes, and larger social relations such as the role of investors and clients, are reimagined and reworked.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Indian Petroleum Companies: A Case Study of Selected PSUs

Think India ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Abhijit Ranjan Das ◽  
Subhadeep Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Corporate Social

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not a very new concept, it is an old concept. Earlier, in India it was optional to the company that they may contribute voluntarily towards CSR but after the Companies Act 2013, it was formally introduced in the business environment and was made mandatory for those companies whose net worth and profit cross a threshold limit. They should contribute 2% of the average net profit of just preceding three years profit. This paper primarily focuses on CSR practices of some selected public sector petroleum companies in India. The study has been conducted based on the Annual Reports of seven selected public sector companies. Five years of data on CSR spending from 2009–10 to 2014–15 were examined. Moreover, the pattern of expenses was also examined. Since petroleum companies are giants of the India economy and contribute significantly towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of our country. Thus it is necessary to look into how these companies are contributing towards CSR. An attempt has been made to examine the early impact of Section 135 of the Companies Act.

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