Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
Shaun Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
The Church ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This book has argued that Vatican II should be understood as a point on an arc of reform that extends all the way back to the eighteenth century. Pushing the roots of the council back beyond the twentieth-century reform movements, modernism, Newman, and the Tübingen School helps us to better understand and interpret Vatican II reforms. Thus, the complexities of a hermeneutic of reform, which interprets the council as having both continuity and discontinuity, on different levels, with past Catholic teaching and theology, become clearer. A hermeneutic of reform should not only return to the “deepest patrimony” of the fathers or the early Church, but must also recognize that the agendas of failed Catholic reformers of the more recent past have sometimes survived, and have even been vindicated in certain ways. John O’Malley’s work has shown that to fully understand Vatican II, we must recognize that “in St. Peter’s, beside the thousands of [Council] Fathers . . . Pius IX and Pius XII, Marx and Freud, Lagrange and Rosmini, and De Maistre and Lamennais were there, listening to the infinite debate that changed the church.”...

The Synod of Pistoia and Vatican II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
High Water ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Bible Reading ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This book sheds further light on the nature of church reform and the roots of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) through a study of eighteenth-century Catholic reformers who anticipated the Council. The most striking of these examples is the Synod of Pistoia (1786), the high-water mark of late Jansenism. Most of the reforms of the Synod were harshly condemned by Pope Pius VI in the bull Auctorem fidei (1794), and late Jansenism was totally discredited in the ultramontane nineteenth-century Church. Nevertheless, much of the Pistoian agenda—such as an exaltation of the role of bishops, an emphasis on infallibility as a gift to the entire Church, religious liberty, a simpler and more comprehensible liturgy that incorporates the vernacular, and the encouragement of lay Bible reading and Christocentric devotions—was officially promulgated at Vatican II. The career of Bishop Scipione de’ Ricci (1741–1810) and the famous Synod he convened are investigated in detail. The international reception (and rejection) of the Synod sheds light on why these reforms failed, and the criteria of Yves Congar are used to judge the Pistoian Synod as “true or false reform.” This book proves that the Synod was a “ghost” present at Vatican II. The council fathers struggled with, and ultimately enacted, many of the same ideas. This study complexifies the story of the roots of the Council and Pope Benedict XVI’s “hermeneutic of reform,” which seeks to interpret Vatican II as in “continuity and discontinuity on different levels” with past teaching and practice.

Ressourcement and Theologies of Communion

2016 ◽  
pp. 682-700
Author(s):  
Gabriel Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

This chapter describes the contribution of a group of (initially French) theologians known for promoting the work of ressourcement: renewal of the Church through recovery of biblical and Early Christian sources. The work of Henri de Lubac and Yves Congar receives particular attention (although the contributions of others, such as Marie-Dominique Chenu and Jean Cardinal Daniélou are also discussed), and the group as a whole is placed against the background of the social, political, and ecclesiastical context of France in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter highlights the centrality of ressourcement theologians to the work of Vatican II. The final sections of the essay focus on one of the most important consequences of their work at the council, the development of accounts of the Church as ‘communion’.

Ecumenism, Mariology, and the Papacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Papal Infallibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Written Traditions ◽  
The Church

This chapter begins with an assessment of Newman as one of the most important influences behind the Second Vatican Council, before moving on to discuss his contributions to ecumenism, or ‘reunion’ as it was usually called, in his own time. After showing how he remained opposed to what he regarded as the system of ‘papalism’ in his Anglican years, even as late as 1841, the chapter moves on to analyse his contribution to the debates of the 1860s that had been sparked by Edward Bouverie Pusey’s response to Henry Manning’s attacks on the Anglican Church of his baptism. Newman in turn responded to Pusey’s Eirenicon which led to a lengthy correspondence and two further volumes from Pusey. The subject-matter, which focused on the doctrines of Mary as well as papal infallibility, revealed important differences between the two former Tractarians. Where Pusey regarded the teachings of the Church as settled and fixed in the written traditions grounded in the early Church, Newman held that Christian life and practice were equally important and were open to change and development. Although the declaration of infallibility scuppered ecumenism for many decades, the debates between Pusey and Newman reveal an openness and sympathy for one another’s opinion that paved the way for a future after Vatican II in which mutual respect would flourish.

Orthodox Old Belief: Edinoverie as a Movement for Religious Rejuvenation in the Russian Church, 1905–1918

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Ecclesiastical Reform ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
To Come ◽  
Ecclesiastical Administration ◽  
The Church

This article will analyze edinoverie reform in the early twentieth century. Edinoverie was a uniate movement that joined former Old Believer schismatics to the Orthodox Church. Its unique position between the Church and the schism led to a feeling of insecurity and alienation from the ecclesiastical administration among the edinovertsy: in 1905, this culminated in an attempt to reform the bases of edinoverie. A party of edinovertsy led by Father Simeon Shleev proposed an alternative vision of Orthodoxy wherein edinoverie’s Old Believer legacy would be used to rejuvenate the Church and even Russia itself. However, like some of the other ecclesiastical reform movements with which Shleev’s party was connected, edinoverie reform failed to come to fruition because of the hostile atmosphere of Church politics between 1905 and 1918 and the long-standing problems within edinoverie itself.

scholarly journals A Protestant Purgatory? Visions of an Intermediate State in Eighteenth-century Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha McGill
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intermediate State ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Standard Element ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Church

The protestant afterlife is generally presented in binary terms, with departed souls going directly to either heaven or hell. However, the possible existence of an intermediate state for the dead was discussed by protestant theologians from the reformation onwards. This article traces the evolution of these debates in Scotland, with particular focus on the eighteenth century. The bishops Archibald Campbell, Thomas Rattray and George Innes produced tracts in support of the intermediate state. By the end of the century it had become a standard element of doctrine among the episcopalians, reflecting the formation of a more distinctive theological and liturgical identity, based on the teachings of the early church fathers. Presbyterians generally dismissed the idea as a papish conceit, but there were exceptions. Most notably, in the 1720s the minister William Ogilvie described a series of meetings with the ghost of Thomas Maxwell, Laird of Cool. His account framed the intermediate state as a sympathetic alternative to calvinist predestination, and spread to a wide audience when it was printed as a chapbook. As the episcopalian church declined and the Church of Scotland fragmented, there was greater scope for individuals to formulate their own theologies, potentially challenging traditional notions of what it meant to be a protestant.

scholarly journals Living the Gospel in History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vian
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Church

The study examines the attitude of Roncalli faced with the problem of renewal and reform of the Church. New researches tend to detect the proximity of the young Roncalli to some instances of Catholic reformers of the early twentieth century, despite the harsh condemnation of modernism by Pius X (1907). Roncalli paid attention to history, at least in part considered in terms other than those proposed by the intransigent Catholicism. The propensity of Roncalli to grasp the positive aspects of history is clearly revealed during his pontificate, as in the opening speech Gaudet Mater Ecclesia at the Vatican II Council and in other texts, but it was hampered by conservatives in the Curia.

Symphonies and the Public Display of Topics

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Sisman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Expanding Universe ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
The Church ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Musical Styles

To the multiple audiences for whom Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and their contemporaries composed—patrons, publishers, players, and an expanding universe of listeners at different levels of knowledge—symphonies were the ubiquitous markers of public musical life in the later eighteenth century, opening and sometimes closing concerts and theatrical events. To heighten their appeal and intelligibility, classical composers found topics for their symphonies in the expressive worlds of opera and theater, as well as in the realms of human activity in nature, at court, or (less often) in the church. In so doing, they heightened their listeners’ range of musical experiences and the possibility of shared interpretations. Rereading contemporaneous opinion to find surprising topical correlations, this chapter develops an understanding of symphonic topics that draws both on referential musical styles and on the textures and colors of the orchestra itself.

A Hermeneutic of True Reform

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-42
Author(s):  
Shaun Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Pope Benedict Xvi ◽  
Benedict Xvi ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
Catholic Reform ◽  
The Church ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter argues that the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, are best understood through a triadic grid: ressourcement (retrieval of past Christian thought and texts, especially scripture and of the church fathers), aggiornamento (updating), and the development of doctrine. It highlights four areas in which Vatican II sought to reform the Church—ecclesiology, religious liberty, liturgy and devotions, and ecumenism. The interpretation of Vatican II is still heavily contested. The chapter argues that the best hermeneutic for interpreting the council, advanced by Pope Benedict XVI and praised by John O’Malley, is a “hermeneutic of reform,” a theologically rigorous and historically conscious hermeneutic that sees Vatican II as having “continuity and discontinuity on different levels” with past teaching. It argues that such a hermeneutic can aid conciliar interpretation and deepen reflection on the nature of Catholic reform through a study of forerunners of Vatican II, who attempted aggiornamento and ressourcement.

scholarly journals Употреба богослужбених језика у манастирима и храмовима Српске Православне Цркве (ставови о даљем превођењу)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Ruzhica Levushkina
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Russian Edition ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Church

It is known that in the Serbian Orthodox Church, both the Church Slavonic language of the Russian edition and the modern Serbian language are in liturgical use. The aim of a broader, more comprehensive research was to obtain more precise data on the use of liturgical languages in the Serbian Orthodox Church, to discover the (in) connection between the use of language and the diocese, and even the state in which individual monasteries (temples) SOC finds, and to draw conclusions about how much the Church Slavonic language is retained, ie lost in liturgical use, whether there is a change in relation to the use of these two languages in worship in the recent past (late twentieth century) and today and what is the tendency of this changes if it exists.

Poets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
The Church ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This chapter explores the development of poetry at court and among Chancery clerks. It looks at the cultural processes behind the migration of humanist and neo-Latin culture to Moscow and the slow assimilation of rhetoric and a new poetics in a challenging context controlled by the church. Active outside the court, although still in the vicinity, a group known as Chancery poets adapted lyric forms in syllabic verse to their own expressive needs. The chapter provides an introduction to Polotsky’s major collections, and discusses the verbal, prosodic, and visual techniques that Polotsky and his followers used in their vast production of work for the court, exemplified in the use of the poetic labyrinth and calligraphic poetry. In describing how a transitional print culture impinged on Polotsky’s poetic production, the chapter also addresses the question of Polotsky’s legacy and the balance between continuity and discontinuity with the eighteenth century.

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