Interpretation of the Road and Associated Realities in the First French Translation of Mikhail Lermontov’s Novel “A Hero of Our Time”

The anthropological turn in humanitarian thought stimulated the interest in studying the linguistic personality and individual translator's style. The paper analyses that of A. A. Stolypin (Mongo), a well-known person to the specialists of Russian literature due to his relationships with Mikhail Lermontov, a famous Russian poet. The publication of Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time” became at the time a significant event in the emerging literary life of Russia marked by Western aesthetic influences. The first French translation of this emblematic novel appeared in 1843 in the Parisian newspaper “La Démocratie pacifique: journal des intérêts des gouvernements et des peuples”. It was made by mentioned above A. A. Stolypin (Mongo), the poet’s close relative and comrade-in-arms who had reasons to leave Russia for some time. The philologists have long known about this translation, but it never became the subject of a close analysis. Filling the existing gap, we aim to introduce this notable translation into scientific circulation. The present paper is part of our research project which is based on Bakhtin’s theory of the literary chronotope, since the road chronotope is a crucial component of Lermontov’s novel. Coupled with the concept of “thematic grid” by I. V. Arnold, it forms the theoretical framework for the current study. To enhance its statistical validity, we trans-formed the Russian edition of the novel and Stolypin’s French translation into digital research corpus. Through the lens of the above theoretical tools, we view the most frequent lexical units denominating the specific road realities, including those of the North Caucasus, as they are key thematic characteristics of time and place. Therefore, their interpretation may serve to evaluate the reproducibility of the “thematic grid” and reveal the nature of the most consistently repeated trаnslator’s solutions. An additional contextual analysis using the reverse translation completes the data and serves for a more detailed and contrasted illustration of the translator’s style. Our analysis reveals the existence of a certain “blurring” of the “thematic grid” in the target text generally due to the use of specification of meaning, hyponyms instead of terms with a broader meaning. But this feature of Stolypin’s translator style does not hinder the adequate recreation of the source text and allows the reader to feel the originality of the time and space in which the events, closely related to the Caucasus Mountain region, developed.

MARK FISHER: FREE CRITICISM AS GESTURE

The review analyzes the Russian edition of Mark Fisher’s essay collection (1968–2017) “The Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures”, translated by Maria Ermakova, 2021. The theoretical and biographical premises that make up the critical toolkit of Mark Fisher are introduced. It helps to distinguish his essays from a number of similar ones. The author analyzes the formation of the phenomenon of Fisher’s popularity as a culture critic in an intellectual environment as well as structural and symbolic features that form an integral unity of heterogeneous texts in the essay collection.

THE CIRCUMVENTION OF THE RIGHT OF PRE-EMPTION WITH THE CONTRACT SIMILAR TO SALE

This publication is a Russian edition of M.J. Schermaier’s article, devoted to the circumvention of the right of pre-emption with the contract similar to sale.

Употреба богослужбених језика у манастирима и храмовима Српске Православне Цркве (ставови о даљем превођењу)

It is known that in the Serbian Orthodox Church, both the Church Slavonic language of the Russian edition and the modern Serbian language are in liturgical use. The aim of a broader, more comprehensive research was to obtain more precise data on the use of liturgical languages in the Serbian Orthodox Church, to discover the (in) connection between the use of language and the diocese, and even the state in which individual monasteries (temples) SOC finds, and to draw conclusions about how much the Church Slavonic language is retained, ie lost in liturgical use, whether there is a change in relation to the use of these two languages in worship in the recent past (late twentieth century) and today and what is the tendency of this changes if it exists.

Constructions of the Cardinal Numerals with the Words Which Belong to Them in the Kievo-Pecherskiy Paterikon

The aim of this work is to examine the system of the syntactic relations of the cardinal numerals with the words which belong to them in the Kievo-Pecherskiy Paterikon that was compiled in the 13th century. The manuscript on the basis of which the text was published was copied in the late 15th – early 16th centuries. I am mainly searching those phenomena, which can give information about the conditions of the genesis and development of the numerals as a new independent part of speech. I am paying attention to the phenomena which can be connected with the unification of the several types of the syntactic relations of the cardinal numerals with their associated words. I am searching for all quantitative constructions except for the constructions containing the numeral 1 as a prime numeral. The found quantitative constructions are grouped according to the type of combination of cardinal numerals with names or participles. Particular attention is paid to the combinations of quantitative numerals with related words, which differ from the norms of other monuments, such as the Old Church Slavonic language of the Russian edition, Old Russian and early Russian Church Slavonic monuments, since it is these phenomena that can indicate the process of acquiring general morphological and syntactic properties by cardinal numerals. On the basis of the quantitative constructions that do not correspond to the above-mentioned norms, three important grammatical phenomena are distinguished that can indicate the process of replacing old norms with new ones. As a contrast I am showing data from the other manuscripts.

Interrelation between anthropology and psychology in the works of St. Theophan the Recluse

The works of bishop Theophan (Govorov) the Recluse on Christian ethics are considered fundamental in studying the history of the formation of Christian psychology in Russia. The style, narrative and vocabulary of the works echo his Russian edition of the “Philokalia”. However, contrary to the common perception that Saint Theophan the Recluse thought exclusively in the language of Holy Fathers, the present study provides examples showing that the saint borrowed some ideas from the classical German philosophy of romanticism. Under the influence of his teachers from the Kiev Theological Academy (P.A.Avsenev), he addresses the subject of the “human spirit”. Arguing with representatives of natural philosophy, whose names he does not mention, Theophan asserts that the spirit is the highest faculty of human nature, the breath of life, the image of God, which enables man to communicate with the Creator. For St. Theophan, as for many other academic scholars of the mid-19th century, “moral philosophy”, “anthropology” and “psychology” were interchangeable concepts. As shown in this study, in matters of psychology and pedagogy, the reflections of Theophan the Recluse are based on the same model that was actively developed by the philosophers of modern times (Schelling, Hegel). Despite serious worldview differences in relation to religion, Saint Theophan reads, filters and continues to develop some ideas that originated in German philosophy.

Russia: arms control, disarmament and international security. IMEMO supplement to the Russian edition of the SIPRI Yearbook 2020

The volume provides IMEMO contributions to the Russian Edition of the 2020 SIPRI Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. It addresses the China’s military-political approach to relations with the US and China’s nuclear strategy, the prospects of military integration and “strategic autonomy” of the European Union, security issues in the Indo-Pacifi c region, the progress of the UN discussions on information security. The book also analyzes developments around the nuclear agreement with Iran under the new US administration, reviews the specifi cs of Turkey’s foreign policy and its involvement in Syrian, Libyan and Armenian-Azerbaijani confl icts, and security problems in the Middle East in the context of the Shiite-Sunni confrontation.

Authoritarianism and Tolerance to Uncertainty Among Students of Pedagogical Universities in Russia

The work is aimed at studying the current level of authoritarianism and intolerance to uncertainty among students of pedagogical universities in Russia. The main purpose of the work is to study the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and tolerance for uncertainty among students of pedagogical universities, while the main assumption of the study is the presence of this relationship, which varies depending on the year of study, specialization and geographical location. The article presents the materials of a correlation study obtained on a sample of students of twenty-one pedagogical universities in Russia. The study (N=870) involved respondents aged 16 to 34 years (M=19,92; SD=2,04), of which 90% were female. The study was conducted in an Internet format. The authors used the B. Altmeyer’s “Right-wing Authoritarianism Scale” in russian edition by N.A. Diakonova and the “New Questionnaire of tolerance-intolerance to Uncertainty” by T.V. Kornilova. The results demonstrate a significant increase in the level of authoritarianism from the first to the last year of study, and an average statistical correlation between authoritarianism and intolerance to uncertainty.

‘Stalinist Russocentrism’: An Interview with David Brandenberger about the Second Russian Edition of his Monograph National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. viii, 378 p.)

David Brandenberger holds a doctorate in history (PhD.) and is professor of Russian and Soviet history in the Department of History at the University of Richmond (USA). He is also an associate researcher at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” in Moscow. He is the author of books on the formation of Russian national identity during the Stalin era and on the infl uence that party propaganda and mass culture had on that process. In this interview, David Brandenberger discusses the arguments and methodologies that contributed to his monograph that was initially published in English and then in two Russian editions: National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), Natsional-bol’shevizm: stalinskaya massovaya kul’tura i formirovaniye russkogo natsional’nogo samosoznaniya, 1931-1956 gg. (St Petersburg: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2009) и Stalinskiy russotsentrizm: Sovetskaya massovaya kul’tura i formirovaniye russkogo natsional’nogo samosoznaniya, 1931-1956 gg . (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2017). Among other things, the author discusses how his thoughts on the topic of this book have evolved since its fi rst publication in light of scholarly debate and the increased availability of primary and secondary sources.