The Will of Eustathios Boilas in the Context of Byzantine-Georgian Political Relations in the 11th Century

ntroduction. The article considers the data of the Will of the Byzantine nobleman Eustathios Boilas about his possessions in the Byzantine theme Iberia and Great Armenia in the context of political relations between Byzantium and the Georgian Kingdom in the 1040s and 1050s. Methods. The comparison of the texts of different written traditions is carried out. The data of the Will of Eustathios Boilas is analyzed in the context of “Chronicle of Kartli” from the corpus of the Kartlis Tskhovreba and the other sources. Analysis. The comparison of information from all the texts indicates that Boilas’ possessions even reached beyond the theme of Iberia, in particular, to the Northern Tao and part of Klarjeti. From the late 30s of the 11th century this territory became the arena of a cruel Georgian civil conflict between the Georgian king Bagrat IV and the Byzantium ally, the Duke of Kldekari Liparit IV Baghuashi. The defeat of Liparit in this conflict between 1053 and 1057 forced Byzantium to abandon its new acquisitions in Northern Tao, as a result of which, among other things, Eustathios Boilas lost several of his lands, which were transferred to Bagrat IV and his allies. Results. As the study shows, the borders of the theme Iberia and Great Armenia in the period from 1047 to 1053/1057 expanded to the north, including the territory of the Northern Tao and possibly part of Klarjeti, which was ruled by the Byzantine ally Liparit. The combination of data from both Byzantine and Georgian texts assumes to revise the generally accepted point of view about the administrative boundaries of the Iberia and Great Armenia theme.

"The Horse on which Words Ride": Proverbial Narrative in Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt

Literature and oral tradition share a symbiotic relationship. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt has produced a highly engaging memoir. The text is set in Ibadan, Ode Aje and Ilorin. We find a rich and knowledgeable exploitation of oral forms which the author uses within the frame of the biographical genre. Through the use of proverbial narration, Fa­Iola presents a tale replete with magic, religion, divination, spirituality and various folklore elements. The oral forms Faiola has used in the text come from the oral character of everyday life, prose narratives, songs, proverbs and proverb-like expressions while exploring the themes of innocence, curiosity and growth. This stylistic feature of narration is common in African story telling sessions. In both the traditional and modern context, the African prov­erb fulfils its social and communicative function in various forms. Faiola pres­ents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the proverbial narration with a restriction to proverbs which deal with animals. The qualities attributed to animals in the proverbs and sayings figuratively and metaphorically describe people's appearance, characteristics and deeds.

"Recalling-ls-Greatest": Personal Memory and Lyricism in Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt and Counting the Tiger's Teeth

The reflective disclosure of the past is a major trend in African literature as indicated in writers like Wale Soyinka, Chinua Achebe and Ngugi Wa Thi­ong'o. Personal memory is also often employed aesthetically to mirror what is embedded in the past. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt and Counting the Tiger's Teeth presents his childhood and teenage years, fam­ily history and the social and historical events of Ibadan, Ilorin and Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He also details his personal experiences as a witness to the Agbekoya rebellion of 1968-70. In presenting actions in the two self-narratives, Toyin Faiola exploits the resources of indigenous and contemporary African songs, incantatory chants and transliterated version of many lyrics. He uses the lyrics to also investigate the symbolic meaning of words used in the past and reiter­ates the prevalence of songs in Yoruba culture. The lyrics link together many themes as well as serving as an avenue for community and individual expres­sion. We have memorial songs, songs of rebellion, songs of sexuality and sa­tirical songs which mock teachers, the police and government officials. Faiola presents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the lyrics and panegyrics in the two texts.

Polish and Hungarian Historical Tradition in the Hungarian-Polish Chronicle

The aim of the article is to present two written traditions which are discernible in the Hungarian-Polish Chronicle. One of them is of the Hungarian and the other one of the Polish origin. The Le-genda sancti Stephani regis by Bishop Hartvich is one of them. It is also the simplest one to analyse. The text comparison shows that it could be regarded as the shorter text variant which served as the story basis for the chronicler, similarly to the text from the Seitz manuscript dated back to the second half of the 14th century. One of the variants of the now lost Gesta Ungarorum could be a source of information on the ancient history of Hungarians. One can observe traces of using a written source of the Polish origin as well. It could be a narrative form dating back to the beginning of the 13th century, in which the remnants of another, older text – possibly from the time of Bolesław II Large (the second half of the 11th century) – could be found.

The Global and the National in the Linguistics of Fashion Blogs

Исследуются лингвопрагматические и лингвокультурные особенности текстов англоязычной, испаноязычной и франкоязычной блогосферы моды. Основой написания статьи явилась следующая гипотеза: в процессе глобализации происходит унификация письменных традиций в различных лингвокультурах с сохранением ключевых особенностей менталитета и национального характера. Цель исследования состоит в изучении влияния процесса глобализации на национальное своеобразие культур, их лингвистические особенности и традиции создания письменного текста, что находит отражение в текстах блогов, посвященных модной индустрии. В результате проведенного изучения обнаружено определенное сходство блогов о моде в трех лингвокультурах: англоязычной, франкоязычной и испаноязычной. Обоснованность выводов, к которым пришли авторы в ходе сравнительного анализа сходств и различий в употреблении лингвистических средств и средств художественной выразительности в блогах на упомянутых ранее языках, подтверждается обширным проанализированным материалом — 30 модных блогов на трех языках, входящих в десятку самых популярных. The article focuses on linguo-pragmatic and linguocultural features of the texts of the English-speaking, Spanish-speaking and French-speaking fashion blogosphere. Hypothetically, in the process of globalization, written traditions are unified in various linguistic cultures, but at the same time they retain the key features of mentality and national character. The purpose of the paper is to study the impact of globalization on the national identity of cultures, their linguistic characteristics and traditions of creating a written text, which is reflected in the rapidly developing blogosphere, exemplified by fashion blogs. The study found some similarities between fashion blogs across three linguistic cultures: English, French, and Spanish. The validity of the conclusions made by the authors in the course of a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the use of linguistic means and means of artistic expression in blogs in the previously mentioned languages is confirmed by extensive material for analysis — 30 fashion blogs in three languages, which are among the ten most popular.

Genre Perbualan Aneh dalam Hikayat Nakhoda Muda: Analisis Semantik Inkuisitif

Oral and written traditions already existed a long time ago which are highlighted through various high value work. These works are processed as a medium to convey a words of advice, reprimand, satire and philosophy as a guide for the readers. The purpose of this study is to study the inquisitive semantics in strange conversational genre folklore. The objectives of this study are to identify utterances that display behaviors that were opposite to the norms of life and analyse the influence of culture and intelligence in folklore. This study is a qualitative study and an exploratory design by using a corpus data which is the Buku Antologi Enam Hikayat by choosing Hikayat Nakhoda Muda. The data were collected based on primary and secondary data and all the data were analysed based on three stages which is script semantics, resonans semantics and inquisitive semantics. Relevance Theory was used in this study. This study also includes the philosophy and intelligence of the previous society and the knowledge from other fields in order to get the concrete answer for every lexical that are used in the folklore. The results found that each lexical used in folklore has its own meaning and need to analyse by using inquisitive semantics analysis.

On the Interpretation of John Scylitzes’ Evidence About Archontes of Rhos, AM 6544 (1036 AD)

Introduction. The article discusses the information of John Scylitzes about political changes in Rus on the eve of 1036. Methods. The comparison of the texts of different written traditions is carried out. The testimony of the “Synopsis Historion” by John Scylitzes is analyzed in the context of Russian Primary Chronicles data and other sources. Analysis. The chronicle of John Scylitzes contains a message about the death of the “archontes of Rhos” Nesisthlavos and Ierosthlavos, and election in their place their relative Zinisthlavos. These persons are traditionally identified with Russian princes Mstislav of Tmutarakan, Yaroslav the Wise and Iziaslav Yaroslavich. The researchers found chronological discrepancies in this evidence which were explained by the usage of different accounts in the chronicle. It seems that John Scylitzes’ narration relied on Byzantine documents only and reproduced the events faithfully. His mistake was not in chronology but in explaining the reasons for the absence of Kievan prince during the siege of the city by Pechenegs in 1036. Results. As the study shows, the information of John Scylitzes does not contain any chronological contradictions and describes a reliable political situation. While the elder prince Yaroslav was in Novgorod, the Kievan veche elected his son Iziaslav who was a prince of Turov to rule in the city. The defeat of the Pechenegs after prince Yaroslav’s return fits in the context of the Rus-Byzantine military alliance.

“...I Would Like to Publish the Third Volume of My Microlanguages”: (To the Philological Portrait of Professor A.D. Dulichenko)

The article tells about the life and professional activities of the famous Slavist A.D. Dulichenko. Focusing on his interest in the study of micro-languages, the author emphasizes the influence of the national tradition on the formation of an approach to the study of linguistic rarities. In the overview of Professor Dulichenko’s main achievements in Russian studies, the author emphasizes his contribution to the world Slavic studies and the study of the languages of Slavia in the cultural space of traditions and times. Evaluating Dulichenko’s research in terms of the Humanities in the 21st century, the author draws attention to the multidimensional nature of his research method as well as polyglotticism, and deep knowledge of regional characteristics of microlanguages. Drawing on numerous books by Dulichenko, namely Introduction to Slavic Philology, which was the first to include detailed information about the Rusin and other minor languages and make it part of the syllabus for Philology in Russia, the author concludes that it is necessary to revise the traditional understanding of this discipline in higher education. The author pays special attention to the Compendium- Reader on Slavic Microlanguages – documentary evidence of the diversity of Slavia in its written traditions and oral forms of expression. Analyzing the structure of the book and highlighting its conceptual provisions, the author actualizes Dulichenko’s ideas about the status of literary microlanguages and their place in the classification of Slavic languages.

Tradycja ustna i pisemna Koranu a jego miejsce we wczesnym islamie

The Oral and Written Traditions of the Qur’an and Its Place in Early Islam The paper considers the form, status, and importance of the Qur’anic message in the first two centuries of Islam. The argument is that the term “Qur’an” could not have originally referred to the final body of revelation in a text form. Rather, the concept of the Qur’an must have functioned among the faithful as a term for oral transmission before the scripturalization of the revelation, and it is this oral function of the Qur’an that is primal to its literate function. It seems that just as in Judaism and Christianity, in Islam the process of remembering, passing on, collecting, and codifying the textus receptus, along with its stabilization and sacralization, was a centuries-long self-propelled operation shaped primarily by the oral tradition (especially in the presumed culture of illiterate people).

Элементы китайской культуры в сказании о «Боди Мерген-хане»

The eighteen chapters of the epic legend “The Conqueror of the Western Lands BodiMergen-Khan” (a short title — “Bodi Mergen-Khan”) were recorded in the middle of the last century by the academicians B. Rinchen and Ts. Damdynsuren from the famous Chakhar story-teller and musician Olzein Lubsan-khuurchi (1949–2019) from Inner Mongolia. In 1960, the text of the legend was published by B. Rinchen in Germany. However, there are not many works on the content analysis of the legend. This article discusses the Chinese loan words, the influence of the Chinese oral and written traditions that were reflected in the text of the legend “Bodi Mergen-Khan”. Among other borrowings from Chinese cultural traditions, one should point out the Chinese regalia of the rulers of different levels, the Chinese traditional perception of the ruler as the successor of the Dragon line, the forefathers who ascended to heaven and became geniuses-guardians of the people, as well as the motifof “selling hair (braids)” traditional for Chinese folk literature.