Herod on the Rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Kimberley Czajkowski ◽  
Eckhardt Benedikt
Keyword(s):  
Universal History ◽  
New Hypothesis

This chapter covers Herod’s rise to kingship. It seeks to embed the ‘rising star narrative’ that we find in BJ 1 and AJ 14 into Nicolaus’ historical framework as far as it can be reconstructed from the fragments. This leads to a new hypothesis on the role of Herod’s Idumean origins in Nicolaus’ narrative. The chapter ultimately shows how Nicolaus’ portrait of the young Herod connected timeless patterns of universal history with the specific conditions created by Rome’s rise to universal power, and thus had a special appeal to an Augustan readership.

Inflammation and Pruning May Inform Risk to Psychiatric Disorders. Lessons From Large Genetic Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
C. Crisafulli
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathway ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Hypothesis

BackgroundIt's known that psychiatric disorders are caused to either environmental and genetics factors. Through the years several hypotheses were tested and many genes were screened for association, resulting in a huge amount of data available for the scientific community. Despite that, the molecular mechanics behind psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. Traditional association studies may be not enough to pinpoint the molecular underpinnings of psychiatric disorder. We tried to applying a methodology that investigates molecular-pathway-analysis that takes into account several genes per time, clustered in consistent molecular groups and may successfully capture the signal of a number of genetic variations with a small single effect on the disease. This approach might reveal more of the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders.Methodsi)We collected data on studies available in literature for the studied disorder (e.g. Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder);ii)We extracted a pool of genes that are likely involved with the disease;iii)We used these genes as starting point to map molecular cascades function-linked. The molecular cascades are then analyzed and pathways and sub-pathways, possibly involved with them, are identified and tested for association.Results/discussionWe obtained interesting results. In particular, signals of enrichment (association) were obtained multiple times on the molecular pathway associated with the pruning activity and inflammation. Molecular mechanics related to neuronal pruning were focused as a major and new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the role of inflammatory events has been extensively investigated in psychiatry. intersting, inflammatory mechanics in the brain may also play a role in neuronal pruning during the early development of CNS.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Demonstration, extension, and refinement of the re-proposed notion of design abduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-297
Author(s):  
Lauri Koskela ◽  
Ehud Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Design Reasoning ◽  
Retrospective Case Study ◽  
New Hypothesis

AbstractThe original ideas on design abduction, inspired by treatments in philosophy of science, had a narrow conception on how novelty emerges in design, when looked at in terms of logic. The authors have previously presented a re-proposed notion of abduction in design, taking the differences between science and design into account. Now, in this article, the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers is analyzed as a retrospective case study. Key parts of the re-proposed notion of design abduction are demonstrated, and two new types of design abduction are identified, namely strategic abduction and dynamic abduction. Perhaps even more importantly, a new hypothesis on the cognitive basis of design abduction is reached. While the importance of model-based abduction (and reasoning) is confirmed, the case also pinpoints the central role of verbalization and discussion in supporting design reasoning in general and especially abduction. All in all, it seems that an improved understanding of design abduction and its cognitive basis would be instrumental in promoting more effective and efficient designing.

scholarly journals The role of season in the epidemiology of influenza

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hope-Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Small Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
New Hypothesis

SUMMARYFour types of observations have been used to illustrate the seasonal characteristics of epidemic influenza: (1) The experience of a small population during 28 consecutive years, 1946–74, (2) world influenza outbreaks 1964–75 reported to the World Health Organization, (3) the experience of two widely separated localities at about the same latitude, 1969–74, and (4) the experience of two places at latitudes 30° + on opposite sides of the Equator, 1968–74.The following tendencies are shown. (1) Outbreaks of influenza even in the small community came at approximately the same season almost every year. (2) Outbreaks are globally ubiquitous and epidemic loci move smoothly to and fro across the surface of the earth almost every year in a sinuous curve that runs parallel with the ‘midsummer’ curve of vertical solar radiation, but lags about six months behind it. Such findings exclude the mediation of seasonal control by any agencies of local distribution, and suggest a direct effect of variations in some component of solar radiation on virus or human host. (3) Antigenic variations in influenza A virus tended to have the same seasonal characteristics as epidemicity. This suggests that epidemicity and virus variation are two facets of one seasonally controlled process.None of these seasonal characteristics can be explained by the current concept of influenzal epidemiology. A new hypothesis recently proposed and recapitulated in the Appendix offers a possible explanation. The primary agency mediating seasonal control remains unidentified.

CLINICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENT FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE LUNG

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-431
Author(s):  
Jack Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Lung Homogenate ◽  
Fibrocystic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Defect ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
New Hypothesis

Plasminogen-activator activity in lung was investigated in 211 controls and 8 children with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. Twenty-seven of the 211 controls lacked enzyme activity of the whole lung homogenate, while 7 out of the 8 specimens from children with fibrocystic disease lacked activity. The defect in all 7 of the specimens from patients with fibrocystic disease was shown to be due to excessive inhibition, and the inhibitor could easily be removed by washing the lung sediment with normal saline solution. Eight of the controls showed a similar pattern of enzyme inhibition. A new hypothesis as to the pathogenesis of fibrocystic disease is proposed which postulates the existence of an abnormal protease inhibitor in both the lungs and pancreas. The manner in which such an enzyme defect could account for the manifestations of the disease, and the possible role of a proteolytic enzyme in mucoprotein synthesis are discussed.

scholarly journals Structure and inferred dynamics of a large grove of Microberlinia bisulcata trees in central African rain forest: the possible role of periods of multiple disturbance events

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Newbery ◽  
X. M. van der Burgt ◽  
D. M. Newbery
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Tree Patterns ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Multiple Disturbance ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Hypothesis

A 272-ha grove of dominant Microberlinia bisulcata (Caesalpinioideae) adult trees ≥50 cm stem diameter was mapped in its entirety in the southern part of Korup National Park, Cameroon. The approach used an earlier-established 82.5-ha permanent plot with a new surrounding 50-m grid of transect lines. Tree diameters were available from the plot but trees on the grid were recorded as being ≥50 cm. The grove consisted of 1028 trees in 2000. Other species occurred within the grove, including the associated subdominants Tetraberlinia bifoliolata and T. korupensis. Microberlinia bisulcata becomes adult at a stem diameter of c. 50 cm and at an estimated age of 50 y. Three oval-shaped subgroves with dimensions c. 850 m×1350 m (90 ha) were defined. For two of them (within the plot) tree diameters were available. Subgroves differed in their scales and intensities of spatial tree patterns, and in their size frequency distributions, these suggesting differing past dynamics. The modal scale of clumping was 40–50 m. Seed dispersal by pod ejection (to c. 50 m) was evident from the semi-circles of trees at the grove's edge and from the many internal circles (100–200 m diameter). The grove has the capacity, therefore, to increase at c. 100 m per century. To form its present extent and structure, it is inferred that it expanded and infilled from a possibly smaller area of lower adult-tree density. This possibly happened in three waves of recruitment, each one determined by a period of several intense disturbances. Climate records for Africa show that 1740–50 and 1820–30 were periods of drought, and that 1870–1895 was also regionally very dry. Canopy openings allow the light-demanding and fast-growing ectomycorrhizal M. bisulcata to establish, but successive releases are thought to be required to achieve effective recruitment. Nevertheless, in the last 50 y there were no major events and recruitment in the grove was very poor. This present study leads to a new hypothesis of the role of periods of multiple extreme events being the driving factor for the population dynamics of many large African tree species such as M. bisulcata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document