Incompleteness and Moral Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-227
Author(s):  
Barbara Herman
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Requirement ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Moral Change ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
New Knowledge

This chapter argues that the objectivity and determinacy of moral requirement can be maintained even though the moral habitat system of duties is subject to progressive change and amendment. Like engineering or medicine, it has the structure of a practical science with fundamental laws and values and a deliberative pragmatics for absorbing new knowledge and taking on new tasks. There is no complete or ideal system of duties. A significant upshot of this is that individuals have an imperfect duty to be agents of moral change. They must attend to moral practices and give voice to faults they see. Responding explicitly to a region of concern can have due care priority over unilaterally making things better. It is part of the idea of the moral habitat project to expect moral change as an ongoing collective project of responsiveness to its defining set of moral values.

scholarly journals Art. XXIV.—On the traces of Feudalism in India, and the condition of Lands now in a comparative state of Agricultural Infancy

1846 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 390-406
Author(s):  
Augustus Prinsep
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Change ◽  
Original State ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Inter Communication

A Large continent like that which is embraced by the name of India, must contain tracts of country in very different stages of cultivation; and at any given time examples might perhaps be pointed out of every progressive change, through which oriental prosperity is advancing. If then, it be an object to obtain some idea of the original state of agricultural rights and habits where history is confused and tradition silent, an observation of those provinces, which are in the less advanced stages of civilization, seems to be the only channel of intelligence that is open. A dependence upon such a means of knowledge, with regard to the progress of society and wealth in European nations, might lead indeed to very mistaken conjectures; but in Hindustan there are many circumstances which render this process, though always to a certain degree fallacious, still comparatively less unsafe. Indian agriculture, as a practical science, is still in a very rude state, and notwithstanding the seventy years of our dominion, remains as one of the departments little benefited by British example or power. To this condition the hereditary prejudices of the Hindús, to whom conquest brought no instruction in the practical sciences, and the dearth of inter-communication with natives more advanced, have mainly contributed; and although we cannot exactly say that waste lands are brought into cultivation now, in the same manner that they used to be before the Brahmanical Institutions, we may yet safely look towards the most retired and least populated provinces, for the best exemplification within reach, of primitive society in India.

scholarly journals Bimbel Activities Program Guide Using Collaborative Approach of School Elementary Student at Village Pajintan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Citra Utami ◽  
Zulfahita Zulfahita ◽  
Buyung Buyung ◽  
Evinna Cinda
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
After School ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Tutoring Program ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Activities

Free Tutoring Program conducted by lecturers collaborate with students STKIP Singkawang seeing their children's needs will be additional learning after school. Tutoring helps students in doing homework on a given subject in school and help the students' understanding of the lessons they do not understand at school. In addition to assisting students in understanding cognitive activities, tutors also inculcate moral values are good to the students as a way to talk, behave towards older people and others. Tutoring also helps faculty to see the education of elementary school children in pajintan and tutors teach students to develop their abilities in front of the children as their stock later after becoming a teacher. Tutoring activity is carried out twice a week is Saturday and Sunday at 15: 00-16: 030. Kids will get together and tutor will ask them what they learned today. Then divide each tutor will be in accordance with the appropriate number of students and subjects what they want to learn. The number of students in the activities is 26 students tutoring kids who follow learning have willingness to learn. Results are expected after tutoring activities are the students who are expected to gain new knowledge or mastery of a better school after attending tutoring

Moral Change in a Global Village: Islamic Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Akbar Rabonataj ◽  
Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Moral Change ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Ethical Role ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Role Of Religion

The attacks and criticism against ethics is a common part of philosophy. In modern age, due to scientific revolution and its great achievement and development, some scholars argue against any ethical system based on religion. But in the present century, the attacks against ethical role of religion take a different shape. Present century is distinguished from other centuries by its Information-Technology character .It is easy to see with wonder how Information-Technology has reduced the world to a global village through internet and satellite. The question is whether in such a world –global village-moral values are workable and possible? Educational and moral values, in general, aim at producing desired changes in the new generation. This goal was always fulfilled through building limited condition and making barriers. Today, it is impossible to keep new generations away from other cultures due to Information-Technology. It means in global village, making barriers do not work, and in such a world how one can fulfill moral values? The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of moral values in global village by giving a spiritual notion of humanity. I attempt to the possibility of ethical role of religion in contemporary globe by discussing Islamic ethical principles.   Keywords - education, religion, global village, value

A Moral Defense of the ‘Moral Values’ Voter

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1016
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Moral Requirement ◽  
Proxy Model

How should citizens in a democracy decide for whom to vote? Liberal political philosophers, following Rawls, have held that voters should think of the candidate as a proxy for the policies he or she will predictably help put in place, and then vote according to which policies are best supported by the balance of public reasons. Call this the proxy model. I reject the proxy model as too restrictive a moral requirement on voting, but accept that citizens are obligated to use some reasons rather than others. In particular, voters should only weigh considerations that are morally relevant. These may include factors like the character of the candidate. I argue that this alternative to the proxy model is more faithful to liberal theory and places a more reasonable set of demands on voters, given what political science has taught us about voting behavior.

Ethics and Social Responsibility in Justice Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
José Poças Rascão ◽  
Nuno Gonçalo Poças
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
New Knowledge

Today, the concern with ethical principles and moral values makes us reflect on this complex and turbulent society, but with social responsibilities. This concept has become relevant to globalization of societies, companies, institutions, and all those who relate to any of these organizations. This concept is the basis of the research that seeks to identify and analyze the ethical and social responsibilities of legal professionals. The aim of the work is to contribute to a reflection on the ethical and social responsibility of legal professionals, based on the aggregation of existing literature. The structure of the article summarizes the existing academic works, seeking to generate new knowledge. The article seeks in the first place to identify the issues of ethics and social responsibility of legal professionals by focusing more in detail on one (s) of them.

INFORMATION SUPPORT AS A PROCESS OF FORMING MODERN IDEAS ABOUT NEW KNOWLEDGE, MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
E. P. MESHKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Special Place ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Moment

The article states that no matter how scientific and technological progress changes or accelerates, a person does not act in accordance with the information provided to him, but according to his worldview at the moment, education and personal characteristics, supported by information. The manifestation of creativity demonstrates a key role in the system of moral values and beliefs of a person who makes a deliberate decision. This takes a special place in the formation of information support. Taking a creative decision, a person always takes the next step in his development, constantly enriching the information sphere.

The Moral Habitat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Herman
Keyword(s):  
Moral Agency ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Moral Change ◽  
Imperfect Duties ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Kant's Ethics ◽  
Moral Requirements ◽  
Kantian Morality

The Moral Habitat is a book in three parts that begins with an investigation of three understudied imperfect duties which together offer some important and challenging insights about moral requirements and moral agency: that our duties only make sense as a system; that actions can be morally wrong to do and yet not be impermissible; and that there are motive-dependent duties. In Part Two, these insights are used to launch a substantial reinterpretation of Kant’s ethics as a system of duties, juridical and ethical, perfect and imperfect, that can incorporate what we learn from imperfect duties and do much more. The system of duties provides the structure for what I call a moral habitat: a made environment, created by and for free and equal persons living together. It is a dynamic system, with duties from the juridical and ethical spheres shaping and being affected by each other, each level further interpreting the system’s core anti-subordination value initiated in Kant’s account of innate right. The structure of an imperfect duty is exhibited in a detailed account of the duty of beneficence, including its latitude of application and demandingness. Part Three takes up some implications and applications of the moral habitat idea. Its topics range from the adjustments to the system that would come with recognizing a human right to housing to meta-ethical issues about objectivity and our responsibility for moral change. The upshot is a transformative, holistic agent- and institution-centered, account of Kantian morality.

Tracking Value and Extending Duties

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-178
Author(s):  
Barbara Herman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Change ◽  
Imperfect Duties ◽  
Perfect Duties ◽  
Exercise Of Discretion

This chapter shows how both perfect and imperfect duties require both agents and institutions to take responsibility for tracking moral value across their respective contexts of right and duty. The casuistry that belongs to perfect duties is contrasted with the exercise of discretion essential to acting on an imperfect duty. A defense of juridical imperfect duties is offered. Citizens and officials of the state acting under the auspices of a juridical right or duty may need to exercise the kind of discretion that is the mark of an imperfect duty. Questions about moral change in the content and locus of duties are introduced.

The in vivo distribution and dynamics of DNA topoisomerase II in Drosophila embryonic nuclei and chromosomes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jason R. Swedlow ◽  
Neil Osheroff ◽  
Tim Karr ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Dnase Treatment

DNA topoisomerase II is an ATP-dependent double-stranded DNA strand-passing enzyme that is necessary for full condensation of chromosomes and for complete segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical characterization of chromosomes or nuclei after extraction with high-salt or detergents and DNAse treatment showed that topoisomerase II was a major component of this remnant, termed the chromosome scaffold. The scaffold has been hypothesized to be the structural backbone of the chromosome, so the localization of topoisomerase II to die scaffold suggested that the enzyme might play a structural role in the chromosome. However, topoisomerase II has not been studied in nuclei or chromosomes in vivo. We have monitored the chromosomal distribution of topoisomerase II in vivo during mitosis in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo forms a multi-nucleated syncytial blastoderm early in its developmental cycle. During this time, the embryonic nuclei synchronously progress through 13 mitotic cycles, so this is an ideal system to follow nuclear and chromosomal dynamics.

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