Labeling and Abbreviation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Property Concepts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

So many user interfaces have the appearance of a collection of labels, stuck onto invisible boxes whose contents remain a mystery to users until they have made the effort of opening up each box in turn and sifting through its contents. In order to explore what might be called “the language of labeling,” we must first make some observations about the relationship between terms and concepts. Terms are words with special subject meanings; a term may consist of one or more “units” (e.g., user interface). As has been pointed out by Sager (1990), concepts are notoriously difficult to define; it is, however, possible to group them into four basic types: • class concepts or entities, generally corresponding to nouns • property concepts or qualities, for the most part corresponding to adjectives • relation concepts realized though various parts of speech, such as prepositions • function concepts or activities, corresponding to nouns and verbs Looking at the relationship between terms and concepts will help us to think about whether terms can be used to label various types of knowledge and also whether they can properly represent users’ knowledge needs. The present book is structured around linguistic “concepts” in the broad sense, whereas in this chapter, when we refer to concepts, it is in the narrower terminological sense indicated above. “We can use any names we wish as labels for concepts so long as we use them consistently. The only other criterion is convenience” In special subject areas, these same criteria apply, except that communication of specialized knowledge obliges us to take account of how concepts have been labeled by others and how the concepts we are handling fit into a wider scheme. We can draw up systems of concepts and try to specify relationships between them, uncovering along the way the knowledge structures that bind them together. However, we cannot do the same with terms. Terms are existential in nature, that is to say, they signal the existence of an entity, a relationship, an activity, or a quality.

scholarly journals User Interface Goals, AI Opportunities

AI Magazine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Direct Manipulation ◽  
Intelligent Interfaces ◽  
Opinion Piece ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design And Testing

This is an opinion piece about the relationship between the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), and artificial intelligence (AI). The ultimate goal of both fields is to make user interfaces more effective and easier to use for people. But historically, they have disagreed about whether "intelligence" or "direct manipulation" is the better route to achieving this. There is an unjustified perception in HCI that AI is unreliable. There is an unjustified perception in AI that interfaces are merely cosmetic. This disagreement is counterproductive.This article argues that AI's goals of intelligent interfaces would benefit enormously by the user-centered design and testing principles of HCI. It argues that HCI's stated goals of meeting the needs of users and interacting in natural ways, would be best served by application of AI. Peace.

scholarly journals Ontology Application to Construct Inductive Modeling Tools with Intelligent Interface

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Halyna A. Pidnebesna ◽  
◽  
Andrii V. Pavlov ◽  
Volodymyr S. Stepashko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Intelligent User Interfaces ◽  
Intelligent User Interface ◽  
Intelligent Interface ◽  
Ontology Application ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

This paper is devoted to the analysis of sources in the field of development and building intelligent user interfaces. Particular attention is paid to presenting an ontology-based approach to constructing the architecture of the interface, the tasks arising during the development, and ways for solving them. An example of the construction of the intelligent user interface is given for software tools of inductive modeling based on the detailed analysis of knowledge structures in this domain.

A Note on the Publication History of John Polidori's The Vampyre

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
Fabio Camilletti
Keyword(s):  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Publication History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

It is generally assumed that The Vampyre was published against John Polidori's will. This article brings evidence to support that he played, in fact, an active role in the publication of his tale, perhaps as a response to Frankenstein. In particular, by making use of the tools of textual criticism, it demonstrates how the ‘Extract of a Letter from Geneva’ accompanying The Vampyre in The New Monthly Magazine and in volume editions could not be written without having access to Polidori's Diary. Furthermore, it hypothesizes that the composition of The Vampyre, traditionally located in Geneva in the course of summer 1816, can be postdated to 1818, opening up new possibilities for reading the tale in the context of the relationship between Polidori, Byron, and the Shelleys.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

Predictive Failure Analysis of Solder Joints with Simultaneous High Speed EBSD and EDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindsay ◽  
P. Trimby ◽  
J. Goulden ◽  
S. McCracken ◽  
R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Snpb Solder ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Accelerated Thermal Cycling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract The results presented here show how high-speed simultaneous EBSD and EDS can be used to characterize the essential microstructural parameters in SnPb solder joints with high resolution and precision. Analyses of both intact and failed solder joints have been carried out. Regions of strain localization that are not apparent from the Sn and Pb phase distribution are identified in the intact bond, providing key insights into the mechanism of potential bond failure. In addition, EBSD provides a wealth of quantitative detail such as the relationship between parent Sn grain orientations and Pb coarsening, the morphology and distribution of IMCs on a sub-micron scale and accurate grain size information for all phases within the joint. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the microstructural developments leading up to failure, opening up the possibility of improved accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) testing and better quality control.

scholarly journals Effects of User Interfaces on Take-Over Performance: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
René van Egmond ◽  
Riender Happee
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Urgency

In automated driving, the user interface plays an essential role in guiding transitions between automated and manual driving. This literature review identified 25 studies that explicitly studied the effectiveness of user interfaces in automated driving. Our main selection criterion was how the user interface (UI) affected take-over performance in higher automation levels allowing drivers to take their eyes off the road (SAE3 and SAE4). We categorized user interface (UI) factors from an automated vehicle-related information perspective. Short take-over times are consistently associated with take-over requests (TORs) initiated by the auditory modality with high urgency levels. On the other hand, take-over requests directly displayed on non-driving-related task devices and augmented reality do not affect take-over time. Additional explanations of take-over situation, surrounding and vehicle information while driving, and take-over guiding information were found to improve situational awareness. Hence, we conclude that advanced user interfaces can enhance the safety and acceptance of automated driving. Most studies showed positive effects of advanced UI, but a number of studies showed no significant benefits, and a few studies showed negative effects of advanced UI, which may be associated with information overload. The occurrence of positive and negative results of similar UI concepts in different studies highlights the need for systematic UI testing across driving conditions and driver characteristics. Our findings propose future UI studies of automated vehicle focusing on trust calibration and enhancing situation awareness in various scenarios.

Investigating a Virtual Reality-based Emergency Response Scenario and Intelligent User Interface for First Responders

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2114-2118
Author(s):  
Randall Spain ◽  
Jason Saville ◽  
Barry Lui ◽  
Donia Slack ◽  
Edward Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intelligent User Interfaces ◽  
Intelligent User Interface

Because advances in broadband capabilities will soon allow first responders to access and use many forms of data when responding to emergencies, it is becoming critically important to design heads-up displays to present first responders with information in a manner that does not induce extraneous mental workload or cause undue interaction errors. Virtual reality offers a unique medium for envisioning and testing user interface concepts in a realistic and controlled environment. In this paper, we describe a virtual reality-based emergency response scenario that was designed to support user experience research for evaluating the efficacy of intelligent user interfaces for firefighters. We describe the results of a usability test that captured firefighters’ feedback and reactions to the VR scenario and the prototype intelligent user interface that presented them with task critical information through the VR headset. The paper concludes with lessons learned from our development process and a discussion of plans for future research.

Engineering Slidable Graphical User Interfaces with Slime

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (EICS) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Arthur Sluÿters ◽  
Jean Vanderdonckt ◽  
Radu-Daniel Vatavu
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
New Device ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Uml Class Diagram ◽  
The Impact

Intra-platform plasticity regularly assumes that the display of a computing platform remains fixed and rigid during interactions with the platform in contrast to reconfigurable displays, which can change form depending on the context of use. In this paper, we present a model-based approach for designing and deploying graphical user interfaces that support intra-platform plasticity for reconfigurable displays. We instantiate the model for E3Screen, a new device that expands a conventional laptop with two slidable, rotatable, and foldable lateral displays, enabling slidable user interfaces. Based on a UML class diagram as a domain model and a SCRUD list as a task model, we define an abstract user interface as interaction units with a corresponding master-detail design pattern. We then map the abstract user interface to a concrete user interface by applying rules for the reconfiguration, concrete interaction, unit allocation, and widget selection and implement it in JavaScript. In a first experiment, we determine display configurations most preferred by users, which we organize in the form of a state-transition diagram. In a second experiment, we address reconfiguration rules and widget selection rules. A third experiment provides insights into the impact of the lateral displays on a visual search task.

A framework for programmatically designing user interfaces in JavaScript

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Henry Larkin
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Mobile Interfaces ◽  
New Framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of creating a declarative user interface language suitable for rapid prototyping of mobile and Web apps. Moreover, this paper presents a new framework for creating responsive user interfaces using JavaScript. Design/methodology/approach – Very little existing research has been done in JavaScript-specific declarative user interface (UI) languages for mobile Web apps. This paper introduces a new framework, along with several case studies that create modern responsive designs programmatically. Findings – The fully implemented prototype verifies the feasibility of a JavaScript-based declarative user interface library. This paper demonstrates that existing solutions are unwieldy and cumbersome to dynamically create and adjust nodes within a visual syntax of program code. Originality/value – This paper presents the Guix.js platform, a declarative UI library for rapid development of Web-based mobile interfaces in JavaScript.

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