The East African Revival (1930–2000)

Author(s):  
David W. Kling

The focus of this chapter is on the East African Revival, one of the most powerful and enduring African conversionary movements of the twentieth century. From the mid-1940s through the late 1970s, the revival expanded well beyond East Africa as teams of missionaries and African leaders carried the message to an international audience, from Brazil to the Far East. The revival represented a recovery of the indigenous structure of the Church. As the revival spread under African impetus and leadership, it creatively melded with African tradition. Under lay, independent initiative within the mission churches, the Balokole (“saved ones”) formed communities of prayer and fellowship that emphasized repentance, public confession, testimony, and restitution. The revival broke down tribal and political barriers and provided new opportunities for women. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the revival in relation to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderich Ptak

Calicut was the most important port in southwest India during the late fourteenth and the fifteenth century. Its rulers, the Zamorins, maintained a vast network of trading relations extending from the coast of East Africa to the Indonesian archipelago and the Far East. This is amply documented in the accounts of foreign travellers, practically all of whom passed through the Malabar ports on the lengthy voyage from west to east and back. Marco Polo, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, 'Abd al-Razzāq, to name but a few, figure most prominently in a long line of writers whose reports describe various aspects of old Colychachia, as Calicut was then called by Nicolo di Conti, an Italian traveller.


1937 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
B. M. G. ◽  
P. H. B. Kent

Slovo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol The Distant Voyages of Polish... (The distant journeys of...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Monluçon

International audience The travelogue by Antoni Ferdynand Ossendowski, Man and Mystery in Asia. Through Wild Siberia (1898‑1905), written in 1923 and translated from English into French in 1925, results from a complex editorial history and still awaits a translation from the Polish original. The aim here is to shed some light on the reasons for its success at its first reception and its rediscovery since 1989 and the rise of censorship in Poland: Why (re)read Man and Mystery in Asia? This book, which goes beyond the scientific writings of the Polish geologist, can be read at least at three additional levels: as the literary narrative of a scientist, it articulates science with economics and ecology; as a text inspired by Anglo‑Saxon or Polish adventure novels, it stands out as an anticolonial western in the Far East; as the text of an author who had escaped a manhunt by Russian and Mongolian revolutionaries in 1920‑1921, a story narrated in Beasts, Men and Gods, he depicts a whole shadow world, where the narrator experiences proximity with death and the dead. Le récit de voyage d’Antoni Ferdynand Ossendowski, Asie fantôme. À travers la Sibérie sauvage (1898‑1905), écrit en 1923 et traduit en français en 1925, via l’anglais, résulte d’une histoire éditoriale complexe et attend encore une traduction d’après l’original polonais. Il s’agit d’éclairer ici les raisons de son succès lors de sa première réception et celles de sa redécouverte depuis 1989 et la levée de la censure en Pologne : pourquoi (re)lire Asie fantôme ? Ce livre qui double les écrits scientifiques du géologue polonais peut faire l’objet d’au moins trois lectures complémentaires : comme récit littéraire d’un scientifique, il articule la science avec l’économie et l’écologie ; comme texte inspiré des romans d’aventures anglo‑saxons ou polonais, il s’impose comme un western anti‑colonial du Far East ; comme texte d’un auteur rescapé d’une chasse à l’homme des révolutionnaires russes et mongols en 1920‑1921, racontée dans Bêtes, hommes et dieux, il déploie tout un monde fantômal, où le narrateur côtoie la mort et les morts.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Nasar

AbstractThis article examines a previously overlooked publication titled The Indian Voice of British East Africa, Uganda and Zanzibar. Printed in Nairobi between 1911 and 1913, the Indian Voice has been dismissed by some scholars as “insignificant” in the wider context of Kenya’s militant press. As an important tool for discovering, exploring and analyzing the nature of racial hierarchies, diasporic identity and belonging, this article argues that the Indian Voice can be used to understand how “new kinds of self-representation” both emerged and dissolved in early twentieth-century East Africa. By contextualizing the historical significance of the newspaper, it demonstrates how the Indian Voice offers an invaluable means of generating new insights into the complex cultural and political formulations of Indian identities in diaspora. In doing so, this article contributes to remapping the historical perspective of East African Indians within the early colonial period.


2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1348
Author(s):  
ISMAY MILFORD

AbstractThis article assesses the relationship between the imposed Central African Federation (1953–63) and the ways in which East and Central African thinkers and leaders conveyed and pursued the possibilities of decolonization. Existing literature on federalism in twentieth-century Africa fails to place regional projects in dialogue, studying in isolation East Africa and Central Africa, ‘utopian’ and oppressive regionalisms. But such clear dividing lines were not articulated in the four discursive ‘sketches’ of East and Central Africa that this article brings to light: those of anti-Federation organizations in Nairobi and Ndola in 1952; students at Makerere College (Kampala) in 1953; mobile Malawian activists in regional and pan-African forums around 1955–8; and East African party publicity representatives around 1958–60. At each of these critical moments, thinkers creatively constructed various relationships between geographical space and chronological change, through the lens of a broader, interdependent East and Central Africa, as a means to fend off perceived threats to a precarious advancement towards a democratic future. Attending to the evolution of these ideas shows not only how the Central African Federation placed material constraints on regional solidarity, but how ‘thinking regionally’ could support the case for national borders, even before decolonization.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ismay Milford ◽  
Gerard McCann ◽  
Emma Hunter ◽  
Daniel Branch

Abstract This article proposes that there is a gap in our current understanding of the globalising and deglobalising dynamics of mid-twentieth-century East Africa, one that might be addressed by consolidating and taking forward recent developments in the historiography of decolonisation. Recent work by international historians has recovered the connected world of the 1940s to 1960s: the era of new postcolonial states, the ‘Bandung moment’, pan-African cooperation, and the early Cold War. Yet East Africa is less prominent in these histories than we might expect, despite the vibrancy of current work on this period in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Bringing these two fields into dialogue, through an explicitly regional East African framework and with a particular focus on individual lives, expands our understanding not only of the ‘globalisation of decolonisation’ but also of the deglobalising dynamics of the following decades that are frequently reduced to a history of global economic crisis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Катерина [Kateryna] Дмитрівна [Dmytrivna] Глуховцева [Hlukhovtseva]

Features of Semantic Structure of Dialectal Texts Concerning Important Historical Events of the Early Twentieth CenturyThis article analyses the semantic structure of dialectal texts concerning important historical events of the early twentieth century, describes the characteristics of their linguistic representation and presents dynamic aspects of sense formation. The analysed material comes from the older generation of respondents interviewed in the course of fieldwork conducted in 1990–2018 in the area of Ukrainian Eastern Slobodian dialects, i.e. in the far east of Ukraine (in terms of current administrative divisions – the Luhansk region).The semantic structure of oral memory texts under consideration is reflected in conceptual clusters characterised by semantic-logical features of processuality, actionality, temporality, agentivity, denotativity and axiology. These clusters include designations of phenomena and names of their referents, linked by subject relations into a comprehensive semantic complex, a nomina­tive chain which reflects the semantic network of the text.The author argues that in the conceptual structure of a texteme concern­ing historical events of the early twentieth century we can distinguish central and secondary differential features. For example, the texteme holodivka (голодівка) ‘hunger, famine’ is characterised by such central differential features as ‘enumeration of plants that could be used as food’; ‘names of dishes that could be made without flour’; ‘overall assessment of the situation’; ‘enumeration of events that people had to endure’; ‘stories about how people survived in difficult conditions’; ‘how the dead were buried’; and such secondary differential features as ‘who was responsible for the famine in the country’. The components of this texteme also include reports of can­nibalism, appropriation of someone else’s property and accusations against people who deprived villagers of food, guarded kolkhoz property so that nothing would be taken away, etc.These memory texts, stories in which users of dialects of the Luhansk region assess important social events of the early twentieth century, constitute one macrotext that condemns crimes against the nation – the resettlement of farmers to Siberia, coercive collectivisation, the Great Famine of 1933, alienation from anything that is Ukrainian. The evaluation of these events is mainly verbalised by means of exclamations, words expressing a strong emotional assessment.Cechy struktury semantycznej tekstów gwarowych dotyczących ważnych wydarzeń historycznych z początków XX wiekuW artykule przeanalizowano strukturę semantyczną tekstów gwarowych dotyczących ważnych wydarzeń społecznych z początków XX wieku, opisano cechy charakterystyczne ich reprezentacji językowej oraz dynamiczne aspekty kształtowania sensu. Analizowany materiał został zebrany drogą zapisów respondentów ze starszej grupy wiekowej w latach 1990–2018 na terenach występowania ukraińskich gwar wschodniosłobodzkich, to jest na dalekim wschodzie Ukrainy (według współczesnego podziału administracyjnego – w obwodzie ługańskim).Struktura semantyczna ustnych tekstów wspomnieniowych dotyczących ważnych wydarzeń historycznych z początków XX wieku znajduje odzwierciedlenie w blokach pojęciowych, charakteryzujących się semantyczno-logicznymi cechami procesualności, akcjonalności, temporalności, agentywności, denota­tywności, aksjologiczności. Są to określenia samych zjawisk oraz nazwy ogółu denotatów, powiązane relacjami przedmiotowymi w całościowy kompleks semantyczny, łańcuch nominatywny, który odzwierciedla sieć semantyczną tekstu.Autorka dowodzi, że w strukturze pojęciowej tekstemu dotyczącego wydarzeń historycznych z początków XX wieku można wyodrębnić centralne i poboczne cechy dyferencyjne. Na przykład tekstem голодівка ‘głód’ charakteryzują takie centralne cechy dyferencyjne jak ‘wyliczenie roślin, które można było wykorzystać jako pokarm’; ‘nazwy potraw, które można było przyrządzić bez mąki’; ‘ogólna ocena sytuacji’; ‘wyliczenie zdarzeń, które musieli przeżyć ludzie’; ‘opowiadania o sposobach przetrwania ludzi w trudnych warunkach’; ‘jak chowano zmarłych’ oraz poboczne cechy dyferencyjne, np. ‘kto doprowadził państwo do głodu’. Wśród komponentów tekstemu występują także relacje o przypadkach kanibalizmu, wejściu w posiadanie cudzego mienia oraz oskarżenia wobec osób, które odbierały jedzenie mieszkańcom wsi, pilnowały, żeby nikt nie wziął niczego z kołchozu itp.Teksty wspomnieniowe, opowieści, w których użytkownicy gwar obwodu ługańskiego oceniają ważne wydarzenia społeczne z początków XX wieku, stanowią jeden makrotekst potępiający zbrodnie przeciwko narodowi – przesiedlenie rolników na Syberię, przymusową kolektywizację, Wielki Głód 1933 roku, wyobcowanie od wszystkiego co ukraińskie. Podstawowymi środkami werbalizacji oceny tych wydarzeń w tekstach są wykrzykniki, słowa wyrażające zdecydowaną ocenę emocjonalną.


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