Soviet and Post-Soviet Marxism: Braving the Challenges of the Technological Revolution

The article is devoted to the study of the Soviet and post-Soviet Marxists’ views on the problem of technical and economic transformations. The stages in the development of Soviet thought in this matter are systematized, and the potential of applying the authors’ key ideas in the context of the challenges brought in by modern technological shifts is shown. With regard to the period after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the emphasis is on the developments of researchers belonging to the post-Soviet school of critical Marxism, as well as colleagues acting in an active dialogue with this focus area. What is emphasized is the high potential of the Marxist tendency in further studies of the contradictions of the economic system caused by technological transformations.

N.N. Iordansky: about Social Education in the Soviet School (First Post-October Decade)

The purpose of the article is to consider the views and assessments on the issues of social education of one of the prominent representatives of the Russian scientific and pedagogical community N.N. Iordansky, to trace their connection with the present. Research material. Scientific and pedagogical works of N.N. Iordansky became the material for the research. Research results and conclusions. One of the main directions of scientific and pedagogical activity of N.N. Iordansky was the issues of social education. The ideas and recommendations formulated by him were aimed at preparing a thinking and practically oriented graduate at school, capable and striving to independently acquire knowledge, determine his place in life and who is ready to successfully move along the intended path. They represent not only an important contribution to the history of pedagogical thought, but are also relevant for modern pedagogy.

AN IMMORTAL POEM IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN ARTISTS

For the first time, the article highlights the continued interest of researchers and artists in the memorial of ancient Russian literature of the end of the 12th century, "The Tale of Igor’s Campaign" at the present stage. The peculiarities of the decoration of editions dedicated to the poem performed by domestic artists in the second half of XX — beginning of XXI centuries are investigated. The pearl of ancient Russian literature of the end of the XII century, «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» does not leave many generations of its admirers indifferent. The 200 th anniversary of the release of the monument of Ukrainian culture has passed, and the interest in the «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» has not subsided. The magic of this work continues to attract new researchers and artists. Anniversary dates helped to increase interest in the landmark. On the occasion of the 150 th anniversary of the first printing of the poem, J. Hnizdovsky in New York illustrated and artfully decorated the anniversary edition. A quarter of a century the design and illustrations for the poem were performed by Kyiv’s I. Selivanov. G. Yakutovich’s editions, created in the Dnipro publishing house as souvenirs, look like real masterpieces. The engravings of G. Yakutovich were already heard in another edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», which came out of print in the Kiev publishing house Veselka in 2008. In 1989, the publishing house «Soviet School» published a thorough edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», illustrations, layout and decoration of which were made by V. Lopata, and the editing and notes by O. Mishanych. The artist’s works are multifaceted in composition and imbued with special drama and symbolism with expression. Equally interesting was the 2015 edition, commissioned by the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine under the Ukrainian Book program. Particularly noteworthy are the graphic works by V. Yefimov from Odessa and M. Bondarenko from Sumy region, who embodied their preferences and unique manners in the work on the poem.

Analysis of the experience of the Soviet methods of teaching foreign languages and the possibility of using such experience in modern realities

The article deals with the possibility of creating a rational system for teaching a foreign language. Russian methodologists have previously developed original techniques for teaching oral speech, some of which can now be used in modern conditions. The development of effective methods of teaching oral speech and communication cannot be sufficiently successful if the methods and techniques developed earlier by both Russian (previously Soviet) and foreign methodologists are not studied and used. It would be appropriate to make critical use of the achievements of the past. The methodological principles of teaching scientists of that era were formulated at a time when the Soviet method of teaching foreign languages was in its infancy, when the Soviet school was going through a period of searching for new ways in the upbringing and education of the younger generation. One of the most interesting achievements in the field of teaching foreign languages should be mentioned the experience of the methodologist of the Soviet period N. S. Koblenz. The advantage of the N. S. system Koblenz can also be considered the organization of the study of the developed standard, which ensures greater activity of students their desire to creatively apply previously learned material in a new language situation. This is achieved by a skillful combination of semi-mechanical and conscious techniques of work. Assessing the views of N. S. Koblenz on the study of vocabulary, it should be noted that he was one of the first in the Soviet methodology in practice to select lexical material when teaching a foreign language. In all the texts of the lessons, and especially in the standards, only selected words and expressions are introduced, which the author of the method tries to activate as much as possible.

EDUCATION OF THE SYSTEM OF VALUES OF NATIONAL CULTURE BY MEANS OF CINEMA

The article examines the experience of the Soviet school on the formation of a system of moral and aesthetic values, the development of life guidelines for schoolchildren, using the means of the art of cinema. Attention applies on possibility of the use of positive experience passed for realization of modern educator tasks.

The Influence of Educational Policy on the Development of Domestic School Chemistry Education in the 30s of the Twentieth Century

The article presents an analysis of the current domestic practice of school chemistry education in the 30s of the twentieth century and the changes that have occurred in the new educational environment under the influence of government decrees. A description of the main morning processes in the education system as a whole, which influenced the development and improvement of school chemistry in the Soviet period, is presented. The article examines the main legislative acts of the Soviet government in the field of education in the 30s of the twentieth century, which caused the renewal of the content and methods of chemical education in the new unitary school in accordance with the objectives of polytechnic education. A parallel is drawn with the state of modern school chemistry. Based on a comparative analysis of educational policy in relation to school chemistry education in the 30s of the twentieth century and in modern Russia, it is concluded that it is necessary at the legislative level to determine the main vector of development of school chemistry towards polytechnics and further direct state regulation of improving school chemistry in this direction. The article focuses on the need to carefully study the historical heritage of pedagogical theory and educational practice of school chemistry education in the 30s of the twentieth century, and its adaptation to the realities of the modern school. Keywords: Soviet education in the 30s, teaching chemistry, chemistry in the Soviet school, reform of the Soviet school

Concepts of Belarusian History. I. From West-Russianism to National Myths and Post-Soviet Pragmatism

Among the alternative versions of the past there are several main models represented in the academic space and directly influencing public consciousness, public policy and internal political processes in the Republic of Belarus. Apart from the Soviet school of Belarusian history, these include West-Russianism, which views Belarus as an organic, yet distinctive, part of the Russian cultural and historical space, "Litvinism", and the Belarusian national school. The complex and dramatic nature of the formation of Belarusian statehood in the 20th century still determines the dominance of ambiguous, polar and sometimes mutually exclusive approaches to the study of national history.