Education, Income, and Inequality in the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 300-342
Author(s):  
Anneleen Vandeplas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
National Education Systems ◽  
Changing Economy

Education and skills are increasingly important determinants of life outcomes in Europe. On the positive side, populations across Europe are upgrading their educational attainment, and educational attainment is less strongly linked to parental background than it was for previous generations. On the negative side, important gaps remain in educational attainment and foundation skills. Furthermore, while lifelong learning is becoming increasingly important in today’s fast changing economy, those individuals who need it most may not always have access to adequate opportunities to upskill or reskill. Finally, there is substantial variation across countries in Europe at the level of education and labour outcomes, reflecting factors such as the structure of national education systems, the institutional and sectoral setup of the economy, and so on.

scholarly journals Después del 2020… Hacia un Espacio Europeo de Educación en 2025.

2020 ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
María Matarranz ◽  
Javier M. Valle ◽  
Jesús Manso
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
National Education ◽  
Long Period ◽  
National Education Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

During the last few years, the Education Policy of the European Union (EPEU) has increasingly become subject matter from different perspectives. From the emergent field of supranational educational policy, its study and analysis is of much interest, on the one hand, to conduct a traceability of its evolution, its tendencies, and its education interests; on the other hand, to analyze the education-related actions that are conducted by the EU and grasp up until what extent do these actions crystallize in the national education systems. The present study analyzes the evolution of the EPEU, from its origins up until the twenty-first century to, subsequently, conduct an analysis of the education policies put in place during this long period, from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. Both elements will allows us to extract general conclusions from the EPEU and extract some fundamental ideas about the future of the European Union in education matters and the viability of its latest proposal: the establishment of the European Space of Education for the year 2025.

IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON WORKERS’ INCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 562 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Władysław Bogdan Sztyber
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oecd Data

The article presents the impact of the level of education of employees on their income in various terms. One of them is a study based on the OECD data from 2004–2005, which shows the differentiation of incomes of employees with different levels of education on the basis of the relative differentiation between them, assuming the income level of employees with upper secondary education as 100 and referring to it respectively the income level of employees with higher education and the level of income of employees with lower secondary education. The article then presents a more elaborate study of the impact of the level of education of employees on their incomes in the European Union, included in the Report “The European Higher Education Area in 2015”. This survey shows the impact of the education level of employees on the median of their gross annual income in the European Union and in the individual Member States. The article also compares the income differentiation depending on the level of education, based on the OECD data for 2004–2005, with the results of surveys on European Union Member States in 2010 and 2013.

scholarly journals "It's so little money you could make as much at home" - options for work in an impoverished rural region of high unemployment.

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Ildiko Husz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Degree

Hungary has a higher unemployment rate than the member states of the European Union and even most former socialist countries. This rate for 15-64 year-olds has been around 56% since 1999, as against 66% in the European Union (OECD Employment Database). There is also a high degree of regional unevenness within the country. The situation is worst in North Hungary, an area of multiple economic and social deprivations. Several pieces of research have analysed the causes of long-term unemployment and have highlighted the main social, geographical and institutional factors behind it. People of low educational attainment who live in small villages and members of the Roma minority are particularly likely to have been without jobs for a long time.

scholarly journals Migracja, studia i praca. Studenci z Ukrainy w Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1(5)) ◽  
pp. 57-94
Author(s):  
Jarosław Rokicki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Education Centre ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
High Level

MIGRATION, EDUCATION AND WORK. STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE IN ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITYThe paper presents results of the survey carried out by the author among students – citizens of Ukraine – who study at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University. The survey has been aimed not only at social and demographic profiling of the group, but also at outlining dominant reasons that encouraged young Ukrainian citizens to choose Poland, Krakow, and the Frycz Modrzewski University as their education centre; at assessing attractiveness of the studying, adaptation in a foreign country, contacts with the Poles both inside and outside of the academy. Based on the results of the survey the attractiveness of studies in Poland results from the membership of Poland in the European Union, recognition of the high level of education in Poland, relatively low costs of studies compared to the other European countries, and geographical and cultural proximity of Ukraine and Poland.

scholarly journals More Gender Equality, More Homogamy? A Cohort Comparison in Six European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-480
Author(s):  
Julie Falcon ◽  
Dominique Joye
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
The United Kingdom

Abstract We study whether educational homogamy has increased following the rise of women’s educational attainment and of egalitarian couples in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. From the analysis of data from the European Union and Swiss Labour Force Surveys over a 15-year period (1999–2013), we observe that educational homogamy did not increase across cohorts, although we find substantial differences in the degree of homogamy according to couple arrangements.

Romania and the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cuglesan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

The accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union (EU) is portrayed as one of the most challenging enlargement waves in the history of the EU Integration Process. A member of the EU since 2007, Romania had to overcome significant obstacles to qualify for EU membership. Not fully prepared for EU accession, Romania required post-accession monitoring through the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism in order to stimulate compliance in the fields of corruption, the judiciary, and the rule of law. The problems of the unfinished transition have impacted on its positive post-accession evolution in the first 10 years of EU membership. It has accomplished limited results in the field of democratic consolidation, combating high-level political corruption and experiencing episodes of democratic backsliding. Also, in this period, it has failed to materialize strategic opportunities; it proved unsuccessful in its efforts to join Schengen or in adopting the currency. Playing a more substantial role in EU policymaking proved to be another shortcoming of the Romanian political elite, stressing the incremental pace of Europeanization. Still, despite this pessimistic account, in many respects, Romania has not fallen behind. It had a general compliant behavior with EU legislation, in line with other EU member states; support for the EU has remained high throughout the decade, an indication of the benefits it has brought to broad categories of people. It is not surprising, as more than 3 million people work in an EU member state. Economic growth was another positive side of the first 10 years—despite the adverse effects of the economic crisis—with a substantial GDP growth rate. And not to be dismissed , a great benefit was the consolidation of civil society.

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