Beyond the Duration of an Audit

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Paul Lagunes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

How can corruption control achieve a lasting impact? That is the question that my coauthor Yanying Hao and I seek to answer in this chapter. New York City relies on the revenue it collects from property taxes. However, local tax assessors have been known to accept bribes in exchange for reducing properties’ tax burden. Given this risk of corruption, we describe a field experiment that builds on a formal collaboration with the local government in order to test for the systematic undervaluing of properties in the city. Out of 211 properties, one-third was randomly assigned to a control group. The other two-thirds were randomly assigned to receive anticorruption audits. If there was widespread corruption in the city’s property tax system, then properties in the control group would tend to be assessed at a lower value compared to the properties that received added scrutiny because of the experimental treatments. However, the empirical results do not bear this out—there is no statistical difference in how properties were assessed across the three study groups. From these results, my co-author and I conclude that New York City is at a vantage point when compared with other places that seemingly suffer from endemic corruption in their built environment. This chapter theorizes as to why this might be the case.

CASE REPORTS OF TWO INFANTS ADMITTED TO THE BABIES HOSPITAL IN NEW YORK CITY IN THE FALL OF 1888

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-584
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
York City ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Collapse Temperature ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

The Babies Hospital in New York City opened to receive patients in a temporary home at 161 East 36th Street on June 16, 1888. The following case reports of two infants, who were among the first patients admitted, will graphically show the modern pediatrician that acutely ill infants in 1888 could survive by virtue of the vis mediatrix naturae rather than by the drug therapy prescribed for them.1 Case 1—Cecilia, aged fifteen months; entered in November with pneumonia of lower lobe, left side, and pleurisy of both sides. The father had been carrying her around the city all day in a cold storm, trying to find a hospital which would admit her. The mother had been intemperate for several years, and was at the time suffering from a two weeks' debauch. The child was not yet weaned, and was presented with its clothing saturated and in collapse. Temperature, 104.8° F.; respiration, 60; pulse, 140. Tr. digitalis, gt. one, every four hours, and brandy, one-half drachm, every one-half hour, produced but little improvement in the pulse. Nutritive enemata, containing one drachm of brandy, every two hours were added. Four and one-half ounces of brandy were given each twenty-four hours, for three days, the pulse remaining 136 to 148, and compressible, while the temperature had fallen to 99° F. Musk and camphor were then added, but the pulse continued at 148 and intermittent. The child was seen in consultation with Dr A. H. Smith, who suggested the tincture of strophanthus, one-half drop every two hours.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

The Search for Order in Municipal Administration: Herman A. Metz and the New York City Experience, 1898–1909

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Ryan P. McDonough ◽  
Paul J. Miranti ◽  
Michael P. Schoderbek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The Public ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT This paper examines the administrative and accounting reforms coordinated by Herman A. Metz around the turn of the 20th century in New York City. Reform efforts were motivated by deficiencies in administering New York City's finances, including a lack of internal control over monetary resources and operational activities, and opaque financial reports. The activities of Comptroller Metz, who collaborated with institutions such as the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, were paramount in initiating and implementing the administrative and accounting reforms in the city, which contributed to reform efforts across the country. Metz promoted the adoption of functional cost classifications for city departments, developed flowcharts for improved transaction processing, strengthened internal controls, and published the 1909 Manual of Accounting and Business Procedure of the City of New York, which laid the groundwork for transparent financial reports capable of providing vital information about the city's activities and subsidiary units. JEL Classifications: H72, M41, N91. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

New York at its Core: A Review of an Exhibition at the City Museum of New York

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Thomas Wide
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThomas Wide visits a recent exhibition on the history of New York City

2010 Meltdown – Airport Closure Risk Communications in London and NYC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Sweta Chakraborty ◽  
Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
City Area ◽  
Risk Communications ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Saturday, 18 December 2010 was the first of a two day complete closure of all London area airports due to freezing temperatures and approximately five inches of snow. A week later on December 26th, New York City area airports closed in a similar manner from the sixth largest snowstorm in NYC history, blanketing the city approximately twenty inches of snow. Both storms grounded flights for days, and resulted in severe delays long after the snow stopped falling. Both London and NYC area airports produced risk communications to explain the necessity for the closures and delays. This short flash news report examines, in turn, the risk communications presented during the airport closures. A background is provided to understand how the risk perceptions differ between London and NYC publics. Finally, it compares and contrasts the perceptions of the decision making process and outcomes of the closures, which continue to accumulate economic and social impacts.

scholarly journals Nueva York 1916. La ciudad sin límites | New York 1916. Unlimited city

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
York City ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La Ciudad de Nueva York fue pionera en la aplicación de un sistema de planificación de control urbano que pusiera orden y concierto a una ciudad que rebasa los 5 millones de habitantes a principios del siglo XX. Tal complejo organismo urbano, inédito hasta ese momento, fue objeto del más ambicioso plan urbano sobre una ciudad construida.Este artículo se destina al estudio de este originario plan urbano de 1916, el cual sentaría las bases, unas ciertamente visionarias otras excesivas, de la construcción de la Ciudad de Nueva York en todo el siglo XX. La Building Zone Resolution se creó con dos fines: resolver los problemas de congestión humana en un espacio reducido, la ciudad del presente, y proponer una visión del espacio urbano en las décadas venideras, la ciudad del futuro.El artículo es un compendio de diez textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los orígenes de la primera ciudad vertical de la historia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Nueva York; Planeamiento; Visión urbana.The city of New York was a pioneer in the implementation of an urban control planning system that set in order a city that exceeds five million people in the early twentieth century. Such complex urban organism – invaluable until that moment – was the target for the most ambitious urban planning on a built city.This paper focuses on the study of this initial urban planning from 1916, which would set the basis, certainly some visionary yet others excessive, for the building of New York City throughout the 20th century. The Building Zone Resolution was created with two purposes: to solve the issues related to the human bundle in a limited space, the city of the present, and to aim a vision of the urban space in the forthcoming decades, the city of the future.The article is a compendium of ten short texts and one epilogue, which in combination with ten graphic documents, frame the corpus of this investigation. Thus, the reader will face a graphic essay composed by a series of brief chapters that highlight the beginning of the first vertical city in history.KEYWORDS: New York; Planning; Urban vision.

“The Child Is Never Basically Bad”

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
Carl Suddler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
York City ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on the juvenile justice system and its related efforts to address youth crime in New York City before World War II. From the 1930s to the onset of the war, there was a nationwide tension about how to address crime. In New York City, this debate had racial, political, and social implications that persisted beyond the period. On one side, there were those, such as New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who believed crime in the city was rampant and that an increased carceral sovereignty, including preventive policing, was critical to establish order. On the other side, there were those, such as Jane M. Bolin, who rejected such logic and aspired to advance a neo-Progressive rationale that emphasized the correction of social ills contributing to criminal behaviors—regardless of the numbers. This chapter provides a sketch of Harlem during the Depression era, with an emphasis on black youths and various crime-prevention effortsthey encountered.

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