Documentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Aaron Williamon ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
Rosie Perkins ◽  
George Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Program Notes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Source Of Information

Chapter 5 of Performing Music Research focuses on three different types of documents, beginning with pre-existing written, audio, and audiovisual documentation. First, the chapter gives examples of pre-existing documents, such as program notes, which can be used in studies as research data in their own right and as stimuli for research. Second, it considers documentation created specifically for research purposes. This includes recordings of music making, which are a rich source of information in music research, and diaries—whether written, audio, or audiovisual. Third, it considers drawings and other forms of visual representation. Throughout, the chapter highlights the possibilities of obtaining insights from documentary data by using newly developed technologies.

Coral-crinoid biocoenosis and resulting trace fossils from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel Synclines (Rhenish Massif, Germany)

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bohatý ◽  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Elise Nardin ◽  
Christian Nyhuis ◽  
Stefan Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Rhenish Massif ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
Source Of Information

Fossil echinoderms are a rich source of information concerning biotic interactions. In this study we analyzed the premortem encrustation of the highly specialized Middle Devonian rugose coralsAspasmophyllum crinophilumand ?“Adradosia” sp. on camerate crinoid stems.Aspasmophylluminfested living crinoid stems by sclerenchymal outgrowth that formed a skeletal ring but ?“Adradosia” sp. encrusted the stems rapidly, without building a ring. These coral-crinoid biocoenoses indicate a settlement advantage for the rugose corals within densely populated communities of the lower Givetian. The corals could be interpreted as large epizoozoans that benefited as secondary tierers reaching relatively high tiering levels. It also suggests the ability for the affected crinoids to repel the coral by overgrowing the corallite with a local increased stereomic growth. Because the crinoid axial canals are not penetrated, the corals cannot be considered as predators or parasites of crinoids. Therefore, the described biocoenosis is interpreted as commensalism. The speciesA. crinophilumis redescribed, and a neotype is defined, because of the loss of the initial types. Two types of ichnofossils can be attributed to the premortem encrustation of both corals. They are described asOstiocavichnusn. ichnogen. and are attributed to the stereomic response of the infested hosts. These swellings are characterized as either elliptical (Ostiocavichnus ovalisn. ichnogen. n. ichnosp. due to the assumed reaction ofA. crinophilum) or subcircular concavities (O. rotundatusn. ichnogen. n. ichnosp. due to the reaction of ?“Adradosiasp.”).

Influence of Climate on the Homeopathic Prescription

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Erik van Woensel
Keyword(s):  
Homeopathic Remedy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractThe different types of climate our patients are sensitive to and their physical generals are frequently overlooked in case-taking; yet, this particular source of information provides us with the key to unlock the door to the correct homeopathic remedy.

scholarly journals Compiling and analyzing a tagged learner corpus: a corpus-based study of adjective uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Cristina Castillo Rodríguez ◽  
José María Díaz Lage ◽  
Beatriz Rubio Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Rich Source ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Source Of Information

A learner corpus (LC) is widely known as a rich source of information regarding the use of expressions and the errors made by students in their productions. In fact, we, as teachers, can profit from the compilation of their tasks so as to analyze in detail their way of writing. However, the mere compilation of texts does not guarantee a successful exploitation, as more steps than saving texts must be involved in the whole process. Therefore, it seems essential to follow a protocolized methodology of compilation. In this paper we propose five phases for compiling a LC containing texts from the spontaneous written productions from undergraduate and postgraduate students. The outcomes thrown with the LC exploitation will reveal the errors in students’ productions regarding the use of plural, comparative and superlative in adjectives and also other fails detected in the tagging phase, most of which are due to students’ misuses.

scholarly journals “A reward rather than a right”: Facilitators’ perspectives on the place of music in Norwegian prison exceptionalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-289
Author(s):  
Áine Mangaoang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Music Activities

Scholarship on prison music-making projects and programmes to date has largely overlooked the perspectives of prison music facilitators, who form an integral part of many prison music activities. The aim of the study, which was exploratory in nature, was to contribute to a better understanding overall of the relationship between music and imprisonment by focusing on the perspectives of prison music practitioners. Drawing from data collected in four Norwegian prisons through ethnographic research, data was analysed thematically with four key themes emerging: interpersonal communication and emotional connection; social responsibility; prison system and environment, and (in)difference and exclusion. The findings highlight the fact that the range of prison music activities offered in many Norwegian prisons affects music facilitators deeply in a number of ways, and support existing studies that find that prison music practices can contribute to creating a community of caring individuals both inside and outside prisons. Notably, the emergence of the (in)difference and exclusion theme demonstrates a more critical and nuanced view of prison music facilitators’ experiences as going beyond simplistic, romantic notions of music’s function in social transformation. Concerns raised for those who appear to be excluded or differentiated from music-making opportunities in prison – in particular foreign nationals and women – suggest that (even) in the Norwegian context, music in prisons remains a “reward” rather than a fundamental “right.” This study marks a step towards a richer and more critical understanding of prison musicking and aims to inform future research, practice, and the processes involved in the possibilities for offering music in prisons.

John James Audubon's overlooked “Great Work”: his Ornithological biography

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Peter B. Logan ◽  
Martin A. Sidor
Keyword(s):  
Rich Source ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Complete Sets ◽  
Source Of Information

John James Audubon's five-volume Ornithological biography (1831–1839), published as the textual companion to The birds of America (1827–1838), remains a rich source of information about North America's avifauna. Issued separately from the prints for both practical and economic reasons, this classic but often forgotten work contained individual biographical accounts of each species shown in the illustrations, based upon the naturalist's decades of field observations. The demands associated with the publication and marketing of the prints compelled Audubon to wait until the end of 1830 before he began to write it, just as the first volume of 100 plates was being completed. Assisted throughout the endeavour by Scottish ornithologist William MacGillivray, who edited Audubon's manuscripts and provided scientific descriptions of each species, the naturalist published the first volume in 1831 in both Edinburgh and Philadelphia, the latter to secure the US copyright. A second Philadelphia edition appeared in 1832. Succeeding volumes were published in Edinburgh in 1834, 1835, 1838, and 1839, following the completion of each of the remaining three volumes of plates. An American edition of the second volume was published in 1835, but almost three-quarters of the copies were destroyed in a Boston fire. With sales of the last three volumes lagging, significantly fewer than 750 complete sets were ever sold.

Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-196
Author(s):  
Aaron Williamon ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
Rosie Perkins ◽  
George Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Chapter 7 of Performing Music Research describes the main features of surveys and discusses when it is appropriate to use them. It considers the key decisions that must be taken when designing a survey, when and how to choose a questionnaire that has already been validated, and how to adapt or construct a new questionnaire. It highlights different types of data, and the different types of questions that are available to researchers, including open and closed questions, rating and measurement scales, and ranking systems. The chapter outlines the overall structure of an effective questionnaire and discusses the relative advantages of paper-based (print) and electronic delivery. It also considers the pros and cons of surveys and describes how to report their results.

Artifacts at Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Thomas Winman
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Nursing School ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Source Of Information

This study focuses on nursing students' internships and how the students are handling the tension created by expectations and dilemmas when using medical records (MRs) in practice. The overall aim of this study is to develop knowledge about what is required by nursing students in order to coordinate and sustain knowledge through the use of MRs. The theoretical approach to learning that has been adopted implies that learning takes place in social activities, and empirically this means that the study of learning and professional knowledge is a matter of studying activities where, for example, technologies are put into practical use, where experience and knowledge are brought to life. The data consists of observations of five nursing students during their second year in nursing school, interviews and ten video-recordings from shift reports. The result shows that nursing students regularly use MRs as a source of information and that they are struggling with transforming that information into action-oriented knowledge. The conclusion is that information systems such as MRs need to be understood and defined by teachers as materials and devices created or adapted to solving practical problems, and should be treated thereafter. Providers of education need to take into account the different types of intellectual or practical knowledge that professionals like nurses are expected to have, where the use of technology cannot be separated from, but need to be integrated into other aspects of knowledge.

scholarly journals Understanding medical civil-military relationships within the humanitarian-development-peace ‘triple nexus’: a typology to enable effective discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. jramc-2019-001382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Horne ◽  
S Boland
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Hearts And Minds

The interface between humanitarianism, development and peacebuilding is increasingly congested. Western foreign policies have shifted towards pro-active stabilisation agendae and so Civil-Military Relationships (CMRel) will inevitably be more frequent. Debate is hampered by lack of a common language or clear, mutually understood operational contexts to define such relationships. Often it may be easier to simply assume that military co-operation attempts are solely to ‘win hearts and minds’, rather than attempt to navigate the morass of different acronyms. In healthcare, such relationships are common and more complex - partly as health is seen as both an easy entry point for diplomacy and so is a priority for militaries, and because health is so critical to apolitical humanitarian responses. This paper identifies the characteristics of commonly described kinds of CMRel, and then derives a typology that describe them in functional groups as they apply to healthcare-related contexts (although it is likely to be far more widely applicable). Three broad classifications are described, and then mapped against 6 axes; the underlying military and civilian motivations, the level of the engagement (strategic to tactical), the relative stability of the geographical area, and finally the alignment between the civilian and military interests. A visual representation shows where different types may co-exist, and where they are likely to be more problematic. The model predicts two key areas where friction is likely; tactical interactions in highly unstable areas and in lower threat areas where independent military activity may undermine ongoing civilian programmes. The former is well described, supporting the typology. The latter is not and represents an ideal area for future study. In short, we describe an in-depth typology mapping the Civil-Military space in humanitarian and development contexts with a focus on healthcare, defining operational spaces and the identifying of areas of synergy and friction.

scholarly journals Variation is information: Analyses of variation across items, participants, time, and methods in metalinguistic judgment data

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-81
Author(s):  
Véronique Verhagen ◽  
Maria Mos ◽  
Joost Schilperoord ◽  
Ad Backus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Judgment Data

AbstractIn a usage-based framework, variation is part and parcel of our linguistic experiences, and therefore also of our mental representations of language. In this article, we bring attention to variation as a source of information. Instead of discarding variation as mere noise, we examine what it can reveal about the representation and use of linguistic knowledge. By means of metalinguistic judgment data, we demonstrate how to quantify and interpret four types of variation: variation across items, participants, time, and methods. The data concern familiarity ratings assigned by 91 native speakers of Dutch to 79 Dutch prepositional phrases such as in de tuin ‘in the garden’ and rond de ingang ‘around the entrance’. Participants performed the judgment task twice within a period of one to two weeks, using either a 7-point Likert scale or a Magnitude Estimation scale. We explicate the principles according to which the different types of variation can be considered information about mental representation, and we show how they can be used to test hypotheses regarding linguistic representations.

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