Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-196
Author(s):  
Aaron Williamon ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
Rosie Perkins ◽  
George Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Chapter 7 of Performing Music Research describes the main features of surveys and discusses when it is appropriate to use them. It considers the key decisions that must be taken when designing a survey, when and how to choose a questionnaire that has already been validated, and how to adapt or construct a new questionnaire. It highlights different types of data, and the different types of questions that are available to researchers, including open and closed questions, rating and measurement scales, and ranking systems. The chapter outlines the overall structure of an effective questionnaire and discusses the relative advantages of paper-based (print) and electronic delivery. It also considers the pros and cons of surveys and describes how to report their results.

scholarly journals Digital Twin: Origin to Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maulshree Singh ◽  
Evert Fuenmayor ◽  
Eoin Hinchy ◽  
Yuansong Qiao ◽  
Niall Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Physical Entity ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Planning Optimization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Digital Shadow

Digital Twin (DT) refers to the virtual copy or model of any physical entity (physical twin) both of which are interconnected via exchange of data in real time. Conceptually, a DT mimics the state of its physical twin in real time and vice versa. Application of DT includes real-time monitoring, designing/planning, optimization, maintenance, remote access, etc. Its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades. The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought complex industrial systems that are more autonomous, smart, and highly interconnected. These systems generate considerable amounts of data useful for several applications such as improving performance, predictive maintenance, training, etc. A sudden influx in the number of publications related to ‘Digital Twin’ has led to confusion between different terminologies related to the digitalization of industries. Another problem that has arisen due to the growing popularity of DT is a lack of consensus on the description of DT as well as so many different types of DT, which adds to the confusion. This paper intends to consolidate the different types of DT and different definitions of DT throughout the literature for easy identification of DT from the rest of the complimentary terms such as ‘product avatar’, ‘digital thread’, ‘digital model’, and ‘digital shadow’. The paper looks at the concept of DT since its inception to its predicted future to realize the value it can bring to certain sectors. Understanding the characteristics and types of DT while weighing its pros and cons is essential for any researcher, business, or sector before investing in the technology.

scholarly journals Innovative Web Service Grammar for Streaming Computing in Real-Time Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Query Result ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Event Flow ◽  
Streaming Computing

The purpose of this work is to develop a UJSON web technology with C# application to analyze the student data in real-ime. Execute continuous requests on JSON streaming data based on advanced technologies for parallel streaming computing, suitable for solving analytic problems and calculation of metrics in real-time. The developed management information system in this research work designed to filtering event flow, building an event flow as a query result, grouping and aggregation of events, and creating window semantics. For testing the proposed work, several queries were selected that implement aggregation with different types of semantic windows (Steps, Slides). Testing was done locally and on education moodle clusters. It was used 4 types of configurations 2, 4, 8, and 16 computing nodes. Based on the obtained results, scalability is noticeable with an increase in the number of nodes. The updated functions of the proposed UJSON could improve the construction of parallel flow systems and data processing. The developed approach based on modern and advanced parallel flow technologies for output calculations considering the pros and cons of various approaches found in the current era.

scholarly journals Catalytic Production of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Actual Biomass

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Signoretto ◽  
Somayeh Taghavi ◽  
Elena Ghedini ◽  
Federica Menegazzo
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact

Catalytic conversion of actual biomass to valuable chemicals is a crucial issue in green chemistry. This review discusses on the recent approach in the levulinic acid (LA) formation from three prominent generations of biomasses. Our paper highlights the impact of the nature of different types of biomass and their complex structure and impurities, different groups of catalyst, solvents, and reaction system, and condition and all related pros and cons for this process.

scholarly journals Prosthetic Reconstruction of Orbital Defects

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Vincent ◽  
Scott Kohlert ◽  
Sameep Kadakia ◽  
Raja Sawhney ◽  
Yadranko Ducic
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Orbital Implant ◽  
Prosthetic Reconstruction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Orbital Implants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Orbital Defects

AbstractOrbital and craniomaxillofacial defects, in general, are best approached preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team with a clear reconstructive plan in place. Orbital defects result from a myriad of underlying diseases and injuries, and reconstruction after orbital evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration can pose a challenge to the reconstructive team. Reconstruction of orbital injuries with orbital implants and prostheses can lead to acceptable aesthetic outcomes, and the reconstructive surgeon should be familiar with current orbital implants and prostheses. Herein, the authors review terminology and classifications of orbital defects, different types of orbital implants, advantages and disadvantages of different orbital implant reconstructive options, types of orbital prostheses, and pros and cons of different prosthetic options.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEEP FACE BURNS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ya L Butrin ◽  
S A Petrachkov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Facial Burns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Surgical Tactics

The article is devoted to the study of different types of surgical approach in the treatment of patients with deep face burns. The data of the facial burns frequency in time of peace and in time of war in Russia, the United States are given, the most common reasons of burns are indicated. The data on the different specialists’ approaches in the surgical patients’ treatment with deep burns face have been presented. Pros and cons of each approach have been described. Specific features of facial burns treatment are indicated. The necessity of searching the optimal surgical tactics in the treatment of deep face burns has been justified

scholarly journals Dyslexia and digital technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Chester
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Education System ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technology In The Classroom ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

This research manuscript investigates how technology can be used to help students with dyslexia. Using a Google Forms survey and an interview with an expert on the topic, different types of technologies, the pros and cons of using assistive technology, and recommendations for implementing assistive technology in the classroom are listed.  It was found that assistive technology is beneficial for students with dyslexia, but each student will benefit from different technologies. The main challenges with assistive technology that this research project uncovered included, glitches, not being user friendly, and the cost of some of these technologies. These problems apply mainly to higher tech assistive technologies, so including low tech assistive technologies in the classroom as well as high tech options could benefit students and avoid some of these challenges. Understanding some of the different assistive technologies that are available and beneficial for students with dyslexia is important for those involved in the education system so that we can give students with dyslexia the tools that they need to succeed. When educators know about, understand how to use, and have the resources to acquire assistive technologies then technology can be used to help students with dyslexia.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION WITH ALTERNATIVE USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2(79)) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
S.V. KOTENKO ◽  
V.A. KASIANOVA ◽  
M.V. SHAMIN
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Multimodal Transportation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

Topicality. The urgency of the study is due to the fact that in Ukraine the volume of cargo transportation using multimodal technologies is growing. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of multimodal transportation using the latest methods of their optimization is timely. This is especially true for those modes of transport whose share in total freight turnover is relatively small. Aim and tasks.The main purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and applied provisions and algorithms for finding the optimal solution for several target functions with different measurement scales to increase the efficiency of multimodal transportation, in particular, with the alternative use of different modes of transport. To achieve this goal, the following tasks arose: to study the impact of the monopolization of the transportation market by certain modes of transport on the reliability and efficiency of transportation; solving the problem of optimization of freight transportation from the national or general industry point of view; study of the importance of the development of inland water transport to increase the efficiency and reliability of multimodal transport; creating an algorithm for finding the optimal solution for several target functions. Research results.Theoretical and applied positions of search of the optimum decision on several target functions with different scale of measurement for increase of efficiency of multimodal transportations, including, at alternative use of different types of transport are investigated. The study proved that the choice of only one of the traditional target functions of transport companies - the cost or time of transportation does not guarantee its effectiveness without assessing the risks of transportation of goods. An algorithm for selecting the optimal solution for several objective functions is proposed. To do this, we used the method of finding the extremum of each of them by its own nontrivial subset. It is proved that these sets, in the general case, are not identical, so to find a solution for several objective functions complicated by their different dimensions, the principle of compromise must be used.The study established a significant degree of monopolization of the transportation market by certain modes of transport and indicated that to solve the problem of optimization of freight transportation from the national or general industry point of view requires equalization of disparities in freight turnover by mode of transport.Conclusion.Analysis of the results of the study allows us to draw the following conclusions: to use the resource to increase the efficiency and reliability of cargo transportation, especially for multimodal transportation technologies, it is necessary to equalize the disproportions of cargo turnover by types of cargo transportation to avoid monopolization of the transport market. To increase the efficiency of transportation, the latest algorithm for selecting the optimal solution for several target functions is proposed. The introduction of this algorithm to optimize multimodal transportation in scientific and practical problems will allow to take into account the risks and find a compromise solution in complex problems of finding solutions for the transportation of goods.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Various Techniques and Models Used To Secure the Applications of Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3334-3339
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Threat Avoidance

In The Today’s Environment Digitization Plays A Vital Role In Daily Aspects Of Life And Mostly All The Appliances Are Digitally Connected And Smart In Operation That Grows Rapidly In All Over The World. For This, Iot Frameworks Is Mainly Applied And Utilized To Build Different Types Iot Applications. During The Formation Of Applications In Iot, Different Types Of Rules, Standards And Procedures Are Used Which Is Embedded In The Iot Framework. While Implementing The Privacy And Security In The Applications Needs A Variety Of Procedures And Mechanisms For Confirmations That All The Things Are Properly Working And Threat Avoidance. This Paper Focuses On Assessment Of Various Security Mechanisms Which Can Be Applied To Build An Iot Application. Also, The Pros And Cons Of Each Technique In The Domain Of Iot Application.

LASER Combined with Plasma—Will It Be the Future’s Green and Safe IC Decapsulation Method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Poirier ◽  
Michael Obein
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Etching ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Laser Techniques ◽  
Plasma Techniques

Abstract LASER techniques are widely used for pre-opening in combination with a final manual or automated wet chemistry decapsulation. Even if most of the ICs may be opened today, and if opening the recently introduced Ag wires packages have been solved with novel chemical recipes, the need for a greener and safer solution is still there. Plasma techniques combined with LASER can be a promising solution to these challenges. In this paper, after a presentation of the state of the art of the different techniques available in laboratories nowadays, the latest solution combining LASER and acid or plasma etching is presented. The paper compares the results obtained with these solutions on Cu an Ag wires devices with pros and cons for each solution. The results presented show the benefits, the constraints and the limitations of each technique regarding the different types of wires used in industry.

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