Ciri-ciri akustik tuturan gagap: Kajian fonetik akustik

This study aims to formulate the acoustic characteristics of stuttering speech through the acoustic phonetic approach. The parameters used to determine the acoustic characteristics of stuttering speech are the duration of speech and silence, the speech tone contours, and the intensity contours of the speech. The data used in this research is a documentary data taken from the website www.youtube.com. The research data is in the form of stuttering speech with phonetic transcription [bəbəbəp bəbəp bəbəbəp bəlaki]. The data were analyzed using Praat 1.6.26 software. The results show that the analyzed stuttering speech has some acoustic characteristics as follows: (1) it has a different duration per sound segment and tends to increase in the last sound segment which is influenced by the length of the lexical strands and the slow movement of the speakers articulator; (2) it has silences with varying duration between one sound segment and another, which indicates that a stuttering speech is spoken haltingly and often stops suddenly; (3) it has a fairly flat tone contour in the first, second, and third segments, and has a significant increase in tone contour in the last sound segment; and (4) it is spoken louder in the last sound segment compared to the previous sound segment which is characterized by a high increase in sound intensity in the last sound segment.

AN OVERVIEW ON ISMAIL BAHA SURELSAN’S PLACE IN TURKISH MUSIC AND HIS WRITINGS IN MUSIKI MECMUASI

It is necessary to know the history of music well in order to recognize and comprehend Turkish Music, which is a major element of the national culture. The works of Turkish Music researchers and composers are very important in this context. İsmail Baha Sürelsan, in terms of the period he lived in is important in the concext of history of Turkish Music with his musical writings and composer identity. Although Sürelsan, who has a versatile personality such as composer identity, educator identity and author identity, has articles in different sources, but his articles in Musiki Mecmuası, which he wrote between 1953-1968, were included in this research. In his writings, it is seen that he mainly deals with Turkish Music composers, Turkish Music concert interpretations, the situation, development and change of Turkish Music belonging to the period, he lived in, as well as instruments such as Kanun, Ud, Çenk and Rebab. Purpose of the study is to reveal the contribution of İsmail Baha Sürelsan, who has an important place in Turkish Music History, to Turkish Music with his identity as a writer as well as performing music. Documentary data and interview were used in the study. Keywords: İsmail Baha Sürelsan, Turkish Music, Musiki Mecmuası

Documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden between the Middle Ages and ca. 1800 CE

This article explores documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800 CE). A database has been developed using contemporary sources, such as private and official correspondence letters, diaries, almanac notes, manorial accounts, and weather data compilations. The primary purpose is to utilize hitherto unused documentary data as an input for an index that can be useful for comparisons on a larger European scale. The survey shows that eight subperiods can be considered as having been particularly struck by summer droughts, causing concomitant harvest failures and having great social impacts in Sweden. This is the case with 1634–1639, 1652–1657, 1665–1670, 1677–1684, 1746–1750, 1757–1767, 1771–1776, and 1780–1783 CE. Within these subperiods, 1652 and 1657 stand out as particularly troublesome years. A number of data for dry summers are also found for the middle decades of the 15th century, the first decade of the 1500s, and the 1550s.

Temporal Dynamics of Deinstitutionalization – The Case of Asbestos in France

Through the controversial history of asbestos use in France, we study a long deinstitutionalization process marked by alternating phases of acceleration and deceleration. To understand these changes of pace, we reveal interactions over the long term between action profiles that differ in terms of the type of agency (strategic or pragmatic) and the resource mobilization process (leveraging, accumulation, or convening) involved. Analyzing a rich corpus of documentary data triangulated with interviews, we draw up a schema of the complex deinstitutionalization process concerning asbestos in France. We then set out four theoretical propositions about the temporal dynamics of deinstitutionalization: (1) defensive action essentially involves leveraging efforts that promote long phases and help to slow down the pace of deinstitutionalization; (2) disruptive action produces slow, incremental effects through marginal integration of changes into existing institutional schemas. The acceleration phase of deinstitutionalization is temporally bounded by the disruptive actors’ resources; (3) the acceleration and deceleration phases of deinstitutionalization hinge on the perception of urgency, which is a factor of instrumentalization for strategic actors; and (4) convening is a form of mobilization that significantly slows down the pace of deinstitutionalization.

Tres contextos para la institucionalización jurídica de colectivos de mujeres y feministas en Córdoba, Argentina (1999-2015)=Three contexts for the legal institutionalization of women's and feminist groups in Córdoba, Argentina (1999-2015)

<p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Adoptando una mirada teórica situada y localizada, el presente se propuso comprender cuáles eran los objetivos de las organizaciones de mujeres y feministas; y cómo se configuraba el espacio público cordobés con anterioridad al surgimiento de la multisectorial #NiUnaMenos. Para ello, se aplicó un diseño de triangulación cualitativa intra-método, que reunía: datos documentales, entrevistas en profundidad y descripciones etnográficas. Una vez procesados los datos, se identificaron tres momentos o contexto propicios para la institucionalización jurídica de colectivos de mujeres y feministas de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina): el primero de ellos se ubica entre los años 1999 a 2003; el segundo entre los años 2007 a 2009; y el tercero entre los años 2011 a 2015.</p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Adopting a situated and localized theoretical perspective, this paper proposes to understand what the objectives of women’s and feminist organizations were; and how Cordoba´s public space was configured prior to the emergence of the multisectoral #NiUnaMenos. For this, a qualitative intra-method triangulation design was applied, which gathered: documentary data, in-depth interviews and ethnographic descriptions. Once the data had been processed, three moments or contexts were identified for the legal institutionalization of groups of women’s and feminist organizations in the city of Córdoba (Argentina): the first of them is located between the years 1999 to 2003; the second, between the years 2007 to 2009; and the third, between the years 2011 to 2015.</p>

THE SACRED PLACES OF THE KAZAKH HISTORY:MARTOBE AND KULTOBE

The article discusses the sacred places of the Kazakh history of the late Middle Ages: Martobe and Kultobe - historical places where the steppe elite once a year (usually in the fall) gathered for a general meeting and resolved issues - the conclusion of peace, the declaration of war, the redistribution of pastures, and the determination of nomadic routes. The article has collected and analyzed all known data from historical sources reporting on these places.Based on documentary data and a historiographic survey, the localization of the Martobe and Kultobe hills is presented. Archeology data and messages from representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the 19th and early 19th centuries. XX century together with information from Russian scholars and the results of research by modern historians, they can more reasonably localize the location of Kultobe near the late medieval city of Turkestan and Martobe near the city of Sairam, and make an assumption about the chronological framework for holding general Kazakh meetings in these places.

Synchronic variation in Sri Lanka Portuguese personal pronouns

This paper presents and discusses the instances of synchronic variation attested in the personal pronoun paradigm of modern Sri Lanka Portuguese, an endangered Portuguese-based creole spoken by relatively small communities scattered across Eastern and Northern Sri Lanka. Although Sri Lanka Portuguese has a long history of documentation dating from, at least, the beginning of the 19 century, only a few studies have explicitly reported cases of synchronic variation. This study aims, therefore, to fill that gap, by contributing to the description and explanation of patterns of variation relating to the personal pronoun paradigm as encountered in documentary data collected between 2015 and 2020, over several field trips to the districts of Ampara, Batticaloa, Jaffna, and Trincomalee. The nature of the variation observed in the data ranges from phonetic alternations to strategies of paradigm regularization and stylistic shrinkage, often revealing the effects of diachronic processes of variant competition and substitution. Combining the observed patterns of variation with surveyed linguistic trends of language shift, we propose that obsolescence may be responsible for some of the variability encountered in modern SLP personal pronouns, especially that associated with certain socially- or geographically-defined subsets of the speech community (viz. the younger generations and the speakers from Jaffna) characterized by advanced language loss.

Documentation

Chapter 5 of Performing Music Research focuses on three different types of documents, beginning with pre-existing written, audio, and audiovisual documentation. First, the chapter gives examples of pre-existing documents, such as program notes, which can be used in studies as research data in their own right and as stimuli for research. Second, it considers documentation created specifically for research purposes. This includes recordings of music making, which are a rich source of information in music research, and diaries—whether written, audio, or audiovisual. Third, it considers drawings and other forms of visual representation. Throughout, the chapter highlights the possibilities of obtaining insights from documentary data by using newly developed technologies.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN PP 23 TAHUN 2018 PADA WAJIB PAJAK UMKM (STUDI DI KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA MAKASSAR UTARA)

The purpose of this re search is to analze identify application PP No. 23 Year 2018 on Taxpayer MSMEs on Tax Service Office Pratama North Makassar.The data required in this study is primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods used in this study is the interview and documentary. Data analysis techniques used by kualitative analysis. The results showed that the implementation of PP No. 23 Year 2018 on Taxpayer MSMEs on Tax Service Office Pratama North Makassar has been going well and is in accordance with the principles of tax collection. The lowered tax rate to 0.5%, cheap tax administration and easy deposit procedures illustrate the implementation of the principles of equality, certainty, convenience and economy.Keyword: PP No. 23 Year 2018, Taxpayer, MSMEs

Distribution of Productive Zakat for Reducing Urban Poverty in Indonesia

Productive zakat is a strategic mechanism to help alleviate poverty. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which BAZNAS manages productive zakat in an attempt to help alleviate poverty in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative exploratory approach. Documentary data pertaining to zakat distribution to mustahīq in the urban poor Surabaya was collected from the East Java BAZNAS office. Several interviews with the leaders of this office were also conducted to capture their views on the management of productive zakat. The results showed that to reduce the poverty of the urban poor, the BAZNAS applies a strategic distribution of productive zakat implemented through (1) a revolving capital loan to increase venture capital of the mustahīq members of MSMEs run under the qarḑ al-ḫasan contract, and (2) providing work equipment for starting or developing businesses. These mechanisms were effective in helping the poor for starting and expanding their business, hereby improving their wellbeing. It is suggested that amil zakat may increase the allocation of zakat distribution for productive purposes, rather than for one stop consumption. This study expands the understanding of the currently developed approach to zakat management and provides sound good practices in reducing poverty.