Belgium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Becht
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
European Economic ◽  
European Single Market

Bank-oriented business groups have been closely related to the growth of Belgium since independence in 1831. The Société générale de Belgique in particular was a leading example of a widely held business group with extensive banking and industrial interests. The holding companies that characterized the Belgian economy for 150 years have largely disappeared. They were acquired or their holdings were sold to larger entities from neighboring countries, in particular from France. European economic integration appears to be the most compelling explanation for the disappearance of the large diversified group in Belgium. It does not explain why Belgian groups failed to take advantage of the new opportunities offered by the European single market.

Lessons from Italy’s Monetary Unification (1862–1880) for the Euro and Europe’s Single Market

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Conte ◽  
Gianni Toniolo ◽  
Giovanni Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Single Market ◽  
National Currency ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Monetary Unification ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the effects of monetary unification on market integration. It offers a new perspective on the Euro's likely effectiveness in achieving the ‘Single Market’ goal of European economic integration, by examining the impact of a nineteenth-century national currency reform. It looks back at the experience of Italian monetary unification after 1861 and describes how rapidly the prices of the basic factors of production, wages, and interest rates began to converge after the introduction of the national currency.

scholarly journals European Economic Integration: Assessing Benefits from State Size Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Gril ◽  
Primož Pevcin
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Benchmark Analysis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Empirical Paper ◽  
State Size

This empirical paper focuses on the analysis of economic benefits of European integration processes. A gap exists on the research that addresses the specific benefits of states involved in the economic integration processes. Thus, paper focuses on the analysis of benefits Slovenia has from European economic integration, and benchmark analysis is performed, taking Poland as example. This context serves for the comparison of effects and benefits of economic integration concerning smaller and larger states. Namely, there is an assumption that economic integration should have different state-specific effects, where state size is one of the attributes that significantly channels these effects. The results show that Slovenia benefited much more entering the single market in comparison to Poland. This suggests that single market might serve as an economic shelter for smaller states, and thus generates relatively larger benefits for them in comparison to larger states.

Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ville
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
Diversified Portfolio

Business groups have been limited in number and influence for most of Australia’s modern history. Several entrepreneurs managed a diversified portfolio of interests, and business families often cooperated with one another, but this rarely took the form of a business group. When the Australian economy diversified into manufacturing from its initial narrow resource base, multinational corporations formed a dominant presence. Governments built infrastructure but did not facilitate groups. Maturing capital markets negated the need for in-house treasuries. Business groups temporarily dominated the corporate landscape for several decades towards the end of the twentieth century, but their business model was flawed in relation to the Australian environment and most failed to survive the downturn of the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document