Ottoman Archival Documents on the Shrines of Karbala, Najaf, and the Hejaz (1660s-1720s): Endowment Wars, the Spoils System, and Iranian Pilgrims

This study introduces and publishes an array of Ottoman archival documents on the shrines of Ahl al-Bayt imams in Iraq, the endowments dedicated to these shrines, and the Shiite-Iranian pilgrims visiting these sites as well as the Kaaba and the shrine of Muhammad in the Hejaz. Focusing on the later seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, it discusses the political-economic function of Islamic endowments, interconfessional contacts resulting from pilgrimage by Shiites in Sunni territory, and the potential use of Ottoman archives to enrich our knowledge on trans-Ottoman themes.

Population economic function model based on data mining algorithm

Population structure changes interact with economic development, moderate population and reasonable population structure are important guarantees for sustainable social and economic development. The research ignores the specific impact of the change of population age structure on economic growth, and proposes and establishes a population economic function model based on data mining algorithm. Based on the changes of population structure in Liaoning Province in the past 20 years, Grey correlation analysis method is selected. The analysis shows that there is a close relationship between population structure and economic growth. Based on this research, the econometric method is used to construct a multiple linear regression model to further analyze the specific impact of population structure changes on economic growth. The analysis results show that the total population of urban areas, the total number of employed people in the primary industry, the number of middle school students per 10,000 people, and the total number of employed people in the tertiary industry are the four most significant demographic indicators for the per capita GDP of the study area. There is a significant positive correlation between the total number of employed people in the tertiary industry and per capita GDP and there is a significant negative correlation between the total number of employed people in the primary industry and the number of middle school students per capita and per capita GDP. The impact of other indicators on per capita GDP is not significant. According to the conclusion, countermeasures and suggestions to ease population structure change and promote the coordinated development of population and economy in the study area are put forward.

Determinant Factors Affecting the Implementation and Socio-Economic Impact of Waste Bank Policy in Makassar City

This paper discusses the Determinant Factors Affecting the Implementation and Socio-Economic Impact of the Waste Bank Policy in Makassar City. This research method uses this type of research, namely descriptive qualitative. Several methods of data collection carried out are Interview, Observation and documentation. The results of the study indicate that this central Waste Bank has an obligation to pick up and purchase waste. because so far the Waste Banks that have been formed have collided in the pick-up and purchase areas of waste, so that the Central Garbage Bank is the answer to the problems that have been programmed by the Waste Bank. The average condition of landfills in Indonesia, including Makassar City, is no longer able to accommodate waste and will cause social problems. The economic function of the waste bank is to give a high value to the waste which was originally considered low, does not mean anything and is a big problem and burden for the government and its people

Effective investment policy as the basis for the economic development of the region: experience in education

Основное содержание значительных сдвигов, происходящих в социально-экономическом устройстве общества заключается в беспрецедентном в масштабах истории человеческого развития увеличении значения и роли знаний и человека как основного императива и цели экономического и общественного развития. Из – за этого чрезвычайную актуальность приобретают исследования именно тех сфер, в которых происходит воспроизводство и развитие человека и знаний, то есть, прежде всего образования. Развитие системы образования в России в контексте общеевропейских и мировых интеграционных процессов предопределяет необходимость обновления деятельности всех образовательных звеньев, в частности дошкольного, так же, как и в начальной, средней или высшей, ведь глобализационные тенденции сегодня ставят перед выпускниками каждой из них более высокие требования к личностному интеллектуальному развитию. На поверхности жизни общества образование предстает как условное взаимообусловленное единство двух блоков-экономического и неэкономического. Экономическая функция образования, с одной стороны, заключается в воспроизводстве знаний и рабочей силы, с другой – в предоставлении обществу специфического продукта – образовательных услуг. Неэкономичный блок является сложной совокупностью элементов духовного, ментального, культурного характера, направленных на воссоздание духовно-ментальной матрицы общества. The main content of the significant shifts taking place in the socio-economic structure of society is an unprecedented increase in the importance and role of knowledge and man as the main imperative and goal of economic and social development in the history of human development. Because of this, research in precisely those areas in which the reproduction and development of man and knowledge takes place, that is, first of all, education, becomes extremely relevant. The development of the education system in Russia in the context of pan-European and global integration processes determines the need to update the activities of all educational units, in particular preschool, as well as in primary, secondary or higher, because globalization trends today put higher requirements for personal intellectual development for graduates of each of them. On the surface of the life of society, education appears as a conditional mutually conditioned unity of two blocks-economic and non-economic. The economic function of education, on the one hand, is to reproduce knowledge and labor, on the other - to provide society with a specific product-educational services. An uneconomical block is a complex set of elements of a spiritual, mental, and cultural nature aimed at recreating the spiritual and mental matrix of society.

An Empirical Study on Brick Industry of India: A Perspective of Cost Analysis

For several years, human beings have been using the most essential smallest piece for building work which is brick. Its history stretches back to the earliest days of man’s civilization. About the brick user many well-known archaeological excavations in various parts of world give enough info. In Uttar Pradesh, the informal sector-brick kiln industry is largely a rural based industry and is also one of the extremely polluting industry. In Ghaziabad, Gautam Budh Nagar and Hapur, there are approximately 700 brick kiln, which are important to the economy of Uttar Pradesh, rendering it appropriate to widen the analysis to include many aspects of brick kiln. Since the industry plays a major economic function. This paper discusses the situation of Western Uttar Pradesh brick kiln. The paper assesses the effect of current and alternative brick kiln technology on Western UP. It assesses net profits for the contractor and the social expense for kilns through a cost-benefit study. Analysis of restrictions and recommendations reveal that the oven owners in Uttar Pradesh are facing restrictions.

Socio-Economic and Legal Analysis on Forest Protection

The protection of forests today is not just a problem is regional (national) but it is a world problem (global). This is related to the function of forests in maintaining ecological balance which also affects the global climate, such as the effect of 'global warming' which can threaten the safety of living things. Nevertheless, reality shows that the economic function of the forest, ie as a source of the eye livelihood for a group of people, as a means of accumulation capital (capital) for entrepreneurs (capitalist), and as a source of foreign exchange for countries, often defeating forest functions in maintaining equilibrium ecological (including global climate). The continued pressure of population increased is one of the factors that contribute to accelerating forest destruction. This is due to the need for more land and more building materials, both for settlement and land for activities farming, and materials for new buildings. Utilization excessive forest economic functions by a human (forest exploitation) without caring about ecological balance can be catastrophic for humans themselves, and require far-reaching economic and social costs greater than the economic results that have been obtained.

Does the Self-Identity of Chinese Farmers in Rural Tourism Destinations Affect Their Land-Responsibility Behaviour Intention? The Mediating Effect of Multifunction Agriculture Perception

Farmers are the heart of rural tourism destinations, and their land-responsibility behaviours affect sustainable development. In this study, four rural tourist sites in the suburbs of Chengdu were selected, and the structural equation model was used to analyse the influence of farmers’ self-identity on their land-responsibility behaviours intention under the condition of agricultural multifunction perception as a mediation variable. The results show that, in rural tourism destinations of suburban districts of China, farmers’ self-identity is an important variable that affects their land-responsibility behaviour intention. Agricultural economic function perception mediates the relationship between farmers’ self-identity and land-responsibility behaviour intention. Agricultural non-economic function perception positively affects their agricultural economic function perception.

Kazakhstan reliant on Russia but not compliant

Significance Russia has long had ambitions to invest the EEU with political as well as economic function, but Kazakhstan has resisted this strongly. The Kazakh authorities still see the EEU as a vital mechanism for intra-regional trade. However, proximity to the dominant economy has downsides, and there are signs that Kazakhstan is vulnerable to economic risks emanating from Russia. Impacts The Russian elite seems oblivious to the anger the EEU sanctions issue has created in Kazakhstan. Belarus's new anti-West stance sets it and Russia apart in the five-member EEU. EEU scepticism could shift Kazakh-Russian relations substantially once Nursultan Nazarbayev finally leaves the political scene.