Baznas Bogor City Strategy in Empowering the Dhuafa Through the Bogor Berkah Program

Zakat is one of the pillars in the Islamic economy which is a pillar of the Islamic religion, the importance of zakat in the economy is why in the Qur'an zakat is always juxtaposed with prayer, there are even 29 words zakat which are always juxtaposed with prayer, because zakat is meritorious in Community economic empowerment must be managed properly by amil zakat, in this context is BAZNAS Bogor City. The purpose of zakat itself is not only to help asnaf but also to make mustahiq become muzakki, therefore the distribution of zakat funds must be right on target so that this goal is achieved. This study aims to determine the determination of recipients of zakat funds distributed by BAZNAS Bogor City through one of its programs, namely Bogor Berkah, whether with this program the zakat asnaf group is helped and this study takes the object of ta'lim majlis. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with SWOT analysis approach, IFAS (Internal Strategic Factor Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Strategic Factor Analysis Summary). The results of this study indicate that in determining the receipt of zakat funds distributed by BAZNAS Bogor City through the Bogor Berkah program is the majlis ta'lim criteria which have small or medium business groups. and with this program there are not a few ta'lim majlis that empower their congregations of ta'lim majlis. Keywords: zakat, bogor blessing program, empowerment of dhu'afa

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНИХ БІЗНЕС-ГРУП В УКРАЇНІ ЯК ФОРМА ПРОЯВУ НОВИХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ СТРУКТУР

The article seeks to address contemporary challenges in developing integrated business structures associated with the need to upgrade and innovate most important industries, provide industrial restructuring, and reduce technological backwardness and attain high-tech manufacturing growth. An emphasis is put on the critical significance of modernization in gaining a competitive edge of the national economy that will enhance Ukraine’s positions in a modern globalized world. This study employs a wide range of various research tools, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison – to determine the nature, economic content, structural elements and drivers affecting the process of integrated business structure development in Ukraine; structural and functional analysis – to identify relevant institutional structures; as well as integrated assessment techniques – to explore international best practice in building integrated business units. Given the current trends and the specifics, it is argued that company development within a business group model spurs continuous improvement and innovation to meet market digitalization demands. The findings reveal the key aspects in developing integrated business groups as a new type of institutional structures in Ukraine. The study also focuses on the goals of their further development to implement transformational changes along with considering a number of factors affecting the nature of enterprise reorganizations and restructuring in the frameworks of their integration into business groups. Within the scope of this research, integrated business groups are viewed as a driving force in boosting Ukraine's economic development. The study suggests that the government industrial and antitrust policies should actively promote integrated business group models, including the international ones, as long as corporate and national interests are reconciled. It is reported that integrated business groups account for 15% of the total industrial output, respectively, integrated business groups are mesoeconomic entities representing a new type of a social institution that attempts to forecast supply and demand in a particular world market segment and implements its predictive outcomes through big innovations.

The Revival of Business Groups’ Risk Sharing: Evidence from Japanese Real Estate Investment Trust Market

We examine the business groups’ risk-sharing hypothesis in the Japanese Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) market in which the unique external management system seems to be reinforcing power relationships among firms affiliated with the modern Japanese business groups, called keiretsu. We find that REITs whose sponsors belong to one of the keiretsu groups (keiretsu REITs) have significantly lower volatility of profitability than REITs whose sponsors do not belong to the keiretsu groups (non-keiretsu REITs). There is no significant difference in profitability between keiretsu REITs and non-keiretsu REITs, controlling for firm and property characteristics. The abnormal portion of the profitability unexplained by firm characteristics is also significantly lower with keiretsu REITs. We also find that the keiretsu affiliation reduces the systematic volatility of affiliated REITs, while such an effect is not observed with the idiosyncratic volatility, suggesting that the risk-sharing effect may be beneficial for the value of REITs. Using the difference-in-differences design with propensity score matching, we find that the negative impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the profitability was significantly smaller with keiretsu REITs than with non-keiretsu REITs. Keiretsu REITs were also able to stabilize their capital structure by shifting some short-term debts to long-term debts without increasing the cost of loans under the uncertain situation caused by the Earthquake. Keiretsu REITs were able to borrow money from their affiliated group banks even right after the earthquake, while non-keiretsu REITs seem to have struggled to secure loans from those banks.

Optimizing the Use of Digital Technology in Building a Community Network of Consumption of Small and Medium Enterprises’ Products during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Depok, Indonesia

The massive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic which started in the mid-2020 has had a significant impact on the sustainability of the production and marketing activities of goods and services by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In the context of Indonesia, the so-called policy Large Scale Social Restriction encourages small and medium-sized business groups to find strategic ways so that they can continue to carry out production and marketing activities. One of the strategic ways is building a network of people who consume goods by using digital technology. This study analyses the strategies of small and medium-sized business groups in building a community network of the consumption of small and medium-sized business products through digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic with special reference to the case of Depok, in Indonesia. This is a descriptive qualitative study with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The findings show that small and medium enterprises use several digital applications to be able to connect individuals to create a consumption group of “common taste” so that those small and medium-sized enterprises could maintain the continuity of selling their goods or products. As a result, this strategic method is proven to be quite beneficial for small and medium business groups.

KAJIAN FAKTOR GEOGRAFI PADA PERTUMBUHAN USAHA KECIL NON PERTANIAN DI DESA BORONA DAN DESA TIBOBO KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT

The study of geographic factors (distance and location) is the background of this research. The objectives of this study are 1). To study geographic factors that support the growth of small non-agricultural enterprises in Borona Village and Tibobo Village, West Halmahera Regency, 2). This is to determine the contribution of small non-agricultural businesses to job opportunities in Borona Village and Tibobo Village, West Halmahera Regency. The research method is quantitative. According to the research objectives, two villages were selected that have different geographic factors (distance from the city center), namely Borona Village, Ibu District, representing villages far from Jailolo City (72 km) and Tibobo Village, Sahu District, representing villages close to Jailolo City (9 km). ). The results showed that geographic factors (distance from the city center) influenced the growth of small non-agricultural enterprises in the two research locations. Of the total 211 business units, 142 business units (67.30%) are located in Tibobo Village which is located close to the center of Jailolo City compared to Borona Village which is located far from the center of Jailolo City which only has 69 types of businesses or 32.70%. The workforce is absorbed in non-agricultural small businesses which are spread over 3 business groups consisting of 16 types of businesses and covering 211 business units.