Reflections on the State of the Art in Western Qurʾanic Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Western European ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Made In

This chapter provides a survey of Western European qur’anic studies from ca. 1200 until the present. It proposes the chronological division of this scholarship into five periods, endeavouring to explain the significant accomplishments made in each, as well as the challenges scholars faced and the debates in which they engaged. It stresses the major interruption in the continuity of qur’anic studies that occurred in the mid­–late twentieth century. Then it provides an overview of current trends in qur’anic studies. While the field has certainly experienced a revival, several old problems have not been overcome, and systematic advances in the understanding of the Qurʾan are proceeding more slowly than one might imagine, given the amount of attention being focused on the work.

How American virtue lost its identity: 1765–1980

2020 ◽  
pp. 205699712096214
Author(s):  
Perry L Glanzer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Early American ◽  
Collegiate Level ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
God's Image ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Made In

Moral philosophy in early American collegiate education founded its understanding and pursuit of virtue on the theological truth that humans are made in God’s image. Therefore, to fulfill our purpose, we need to acquire creaturely analogues of God’s virtues. Later American moral philosophy scholars and texts, however, began to use a different rationale for teaching virtue—we need virtue to support American liberal democracy. As a result, by the late twentieth century, American moral educators at the collegiate level only focused on helping students develop a small set of virtues related to students’ professional and civic identities.

Litigating for Profit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
Legal Barriers ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Michael Dennis looks at grocery workers in the late twentieth century, and the lopsided power mounted against their effort to organize. Despite the clear sentiment in favor of unionization, employers unleased antiunion consultants and legal barriers that countered the millions of dollars spent by the union to organize. Dennis shows that employer determination supported by the state were the chief reasons for management’s victory. Unions’ reliance on legal strategies were no match for employers’ determination to skirt the boundaries of the law.

‘The dense, murky water of the past’: Swamps, Nostalgia and Settlement Myth in Meir Shalev’s The Blue Mountain

Hydrofictions ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 69-107
Author(s):  
Hannah Boast
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blue Mountain ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
National Mythology

This chapter examines the changing meanings of swamp drainage in Israel’s national mythology. Swamp drainage was undertaken in the early twentieth century by the Jewish National Fund and again after the establishment of the State of Israel. Once seen as a triumph of Zionist ingenuity, draining swamps was redefined in the late twentieth century as an emblem of Zionism’s environmental hubris. This chapter assesses this history through Meir Shalev’s magical realist novel The Blue Mountain (1988), situating Shalev’s text in its contemporary contexts of environmentalism and post-Zionism.

Departures from Orthodoxy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Steven J. Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Made In

This introductory chapter briefly considers the ways in which the reforms of Finance Minister Matsukata Masayoshi unfolded along the lines of mid-nineteenth-century British-style orthodoxy or the late-twentieth-century International Monetary Fund version. It then goes on to argue that Matsukata was dealing with the challenge, shared by many of his contemporaries, of establishing a modern financial system in a developing state emerging from warfare and aiming to industrialize. At least on monetary policy, his economic nationalism was of the liberal nationalist variety like that of state leaders in other late industrializers. Moreover, Matsukata emerged as a practitioner primarily of unorthodox policies from the standpoint of both nineteenth- and late-twentieth-century versions of financial and economic orthodoxy. He also departed from orthodox mindsets in his pursuit of statist and nationalist priorities, his commitment to made-in-Japan solutions, his reliance on local intellectual tradition, and his willingness to be flexible in response to “the dictates of practical expediency,” as he would proclaim in 1886.

State and Civil Society: The Limits of a Royal Commission

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Studies

AbstractThis study assesses the contribution of five of the research studies done for the Macdonald Royal Commission and of the opening chapter of the Commission Report to our understanding of the state. It examines the use of the term state, the economic and social functions that the latter is seen to perform, and the light that these studies may shed on such thorny topics as authority, legitimacy and citizenship in the late twentieth century. It concludes that, despite individual contributions of note, there are real limitations to what this Commission and its research associates tell us about the state.

scholarly journals The Postcolonial Crescent

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Deonna Kelli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Identity politics has become the catch phrase of the postmodern age. Withconcepts such as "exile," "migrancy," and "hybridity" acquiring unprecedentedcultural significance in the late twentieth century, the postcolonial age givesway to new identities, fractured modes of living, and new conditions of humanity.Literature is a powerful tool to explore such issues in an era where a greatdeal of the world is displaced, and the idea of a homeland becomes a disrupted,remote possibility. The Postcolonial Crescent: Islam's Impact onContemporary Literature, is an attempt to discuss how Muslims negotiateidentity at a time of rapid and spiritually challenging transculturation. The bookuses fiction written by Muslims to critique the effects of colonialism, counteractmodernity, and question the status of Islamic identity in the contemporaryworld. It also can be considered as the primary introduction of contemporaryIslamic literature into the postcolonial genre. Muslim writers have yet to submit a unique and powerful commentary on postcolonial and cultural studies;this work at least softens that absence.The Postcolonial Crescent was conceived as a response to The SatanicVerses controversy. Therefore, it is “intimately involved in the interchangebetween religion and the state, and demonstrates that the roles Islam is playingin postcolonial nation-building is especially contested in the absence of broadlyacceptable models” (p. 4). Conflicting issues of identity are approached byinterrogating the authority to define a “correct” Islamic identity, the role ofindividual rights, and the “variegation of Islamic expression within specificcultural settings, suggesting through the national self-definitions the many concernsthat the Islamic world shares with global postcoloniality” (p. 7) ...

The Dougherty Valley Dilemma

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-116
Author(s):  
Alex Schafran
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Made In

Contra Costa County, one of California's original 27 counties, is a massive, fragmented, and diverse set of political, cultural, and physical lines that is a microcosm of regional fragmentation. It has also become one of the great battlegrounds in the planning fights of late twentieth-century California. Environmentalists and developers battled to an expensive and politically costly draw over a development in the heart of the county called Dougherty Valley. In the end, little progress was made in the deeper struggle against the unsustainable, unequal, and rapidly resegregating region, in part because no matter which side had “won” the battle over Dougherty Valley, the region and those impacted by its fragmentation and segregation would have lost. This is the so-called “Dougherty Valley dilemma,” which is the focus of this chapter.

Private Benefit, Public Finance?

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
William Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
British Society ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Student Finance ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter explores the way in which developments in the apparently rather narrow field of undergraduate finance tell us something about perceptions of the university in the late twentieth century and, more importantly, about how debates over higher education illuminate wider attitudes to the relationship between the individual, the state, and civil society. It also uses these debates—and the legislation they inspired—to discuss the difficulties the state and other actors faced in dealing with higher education in an era characterized by anxieties about Britain’s perceived decline, and about inequities in British society. The tangled and tortured development of student finance in the last four decades of the twentieth century illustrates the value of Jose Harris’s approach, whilst also enabling historians to trace the longer-lasting legacy of idealist thought.

Diaspora as Nation

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-408
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ray
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
North African ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Diasporic Identity ◽  
Italian Culture ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter traces the evolution of the so-called “Eastern” Sephardic diaspora in its Mediterranean context from 1492 to the late twentieth century. It looks at the way in which these exiles and their descendants forged a new diasporic identity characterized by sprawling mercantile networks that linked Jews and Conversos, new forms of Judeo-Spanish, and a nostalgia for medieval Spain. At first, the mutual sense of estrangement between the refugees and the native Jews among whom they came to settle reinforced communal solidarity among the Sephardim. From the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, the Mediterranean Sephardim adopted aspects of Ottoman, North African, and Italian culture, but succeeded in maintaining a distinct communal character amid a shifting set of political contexts and associations. During the twentieth century, the mass migration of Mediterranean Sephardim to the State of Israel helped recast them as “Eastern” Jews, or Mizrahim.

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