Alois Rašin – czeski i czechosłowacki ekonomista. Przegląd wybranych koncepcji, poglądów i doświadczeń

Alois Rašín (1867-1923) was a Czech and Czechoslovak politician, economist, one of the founders of Czechoslovakia and its first finance minister. Alois Rašín is also the author of the first Czechoslovak law and the creator of the national currency, i.e. the Czechoslovak koruna. Rašín was a representative of conservative liberalism. The paper presents a review of Alois Rašín's concepts, views as the Minister of Finance of Czechoslovakia. Particular attention was paid to his efforts to regulate the currency and monetary system of Czechoslovakia, and to fight galloping inflation (hyperinflation). Rašín supported the free competition, believed in an entrepreneurial society, and believed that the state should strive to maintain a balanced budget.

Brazil elections cast doubt on Correios privatisation

Significance Since taking office, President Jair Bolsonaro has pledged a series of privatisations but with few advances to date. Finance Minister Paulo Guedes has recently stressed that the government wants to deliver the privatisation of Correios in 2022. In August, the Lower Chamber approved privatisation, but the Senate has postponed a vote on the issue. Impacts There will be no broad consensus among Brazilians in favour of privatising Correios. The benefits of the Correios privatisation remain unclear, undermining arguments in its favour. The government will try to accelerate privatisations as one of the pillars of its liberal economic agenda ahead of elections.

Challenges to Afghan Refugee Children’s Education in Pakistan: A Human Security Perspective

Human security is an essential component of the contemporary intra-state conflicts; promulgating renewed understanding of the perpetuating nature of the Afghan problem. Afghanistan, from the Soviet invasion to the US’ long war, faces continued Human Security challenges, especially lack of education in around 80 percent of school-aged children of Afghan refugees. Pakistan, which itself has the second largest number of school-aged children out of school, faces illiteracy in children of Afghan refugees as the surmountable challenge that links down to the seven broader components of human security identified by Mahbub-ul-Haq, Pakistan’s former finance minister and economist, in the 1994 Human Development Report. The growing illiteracy in second and third-generation Afghan refugees is the product of poverty, socio-economic disparities, and socio-cultural restrictions, especially in regards to the relative discouragement of female education. In order to offset the gravity of challenges to the educational aspect of human security, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is continuously cooperating with the Pakistani government in enhancing educational infrastructure in terms of community and home-based schooling, vocational and technical training, and capacity building of Pakistan’s schooling system to accommodate Afghan refugee children. Therefore, the paper takes qualitative checks of the primary sources from the government of Pakistan and UNHCR and secondary sources to find the answers to three following questions in different four parts of the paper. The result of this study is that the main challenge for Afghan refugee child education in Pakistan is the poor quality of education. Therefore, UNHCR should work with the Pakistani government to develop investment programs and put in place solid surveillance and oversight of schools to improve their quality to an acceptable standard.

Boric will face challenges on many sides in Chile

Significance It is arguably the most important political event in Chile since the 1988 referendum that led to the restoration of democracy after the 1973-90 Pinochet dictatorship. Impacts In the presidential election, a growing generational cleavage emerged as a new feature of Chilean politics. Financial markets, which initially reacted negatively to Boric’s election, will be looking closely at his choice of finance minister. Chile’s likely economic situation in 2022 and 2023 does not look propitious for Boric’s proposed fiscally expensive reforms.

New Turkish finance minister signals end of orthodoxy

Headline TURKEY: New finance minister signals end of orthodoxy

Bank of Mexico governor nomination sparks uncertainty

Significance AMLO initially nominated Arturo Herrera for the role in June, replacing him as finance minister with Rogelio Ramirez de la O. Incumbent Governor Alejandro Diaz de Leon will stand down at the end of December. Impacts A tighter monetary policy will open a significant gap with US interest rates, helping to stabilise the peso against the US dollar. Given Rodriguez’s provenance, the harmonious relationship between Banxico and the finance ministry will probably continue. The nomination of an unexpected individual to lead the central bank will reaffirm AMLO’s authority on economic matters. Although the finance ministry controls exchange rate policy, the government is not likely to modify the free-floating exchange rate regime.

A SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING ON THE GROWTH AND ADVANCEMENT IN THE ECONOMIC SECTOR SINCE 1991 ECONOMIC REFORM

India is today one of the emerging global economy in the world. India stands at the 6th position in the world highest economy countries , tracing back to the New economy reform of 1991 led by the then Finance Minister Dr Manmohan Singh who led India to the pillars of liberalisation , privatization and Globalisation making India an open economy , with integration of national sectors , allowing private sectors to enter in the field and opening doors for foreign investors which has brought in massive economy growth for a population of 1.3 billion with more jobs and more employment opportunities and a rise in national income. Modernization of the agriculture sector has also contributes to the GDP by 19.9% for 2019-20 . During this COVID-19 Pandemic there has been a growth in India’s FDI , we also see a growth in the digital economy and foreign investors want to invest in India’s digital economy Prime Minister Modi scheme of Made in India has brought in more foreign investors with India to became a manufacturing hub in the upcoming year leading to a selfsufficient economy where India by 2030 is expected to become the third largest economy in the world. Keywords: Global economy, liberalisation, privatization, globalisation, new economy reform, FDI, employment

Algeria aims to put its finances on a sustainable path

Significance The prime minister and finance minister, Aymane Benabderrahmane, has loaded some substantive policy reforms into the 2022 budget law, including a provision for reform of the subsidy system, revisions to the investment law and changes to income tax. Impacts There is a high risk that within the next five years there will be a slump in oil and gas prices. Algeria’s heavy reliance on hydrocarbons makes it particularly vulnerable once momentum builds up for global decarbonisation. Subsidy reform will entail price increases, even if they are gradually applied.

Bad Bank is Actually a Good Idea

This article demonstrates the effect of bad loans in India which was developed recently by the Indian Finance Minister. Bad banks operate like a concept in the domestic debt sector where the amount of domestic debt is high and even the market has enough scale to bear enough price-discovery and market-making. there was a proposal made to the government, to merge the NPA portfolio with a new establishment known as an Asset Rehabilitation Corporation (ARC), that would purchase the principal of the Non-performing Assets (NPA) portfolio at a book valuation (not market value) and these accounts would be taken over by the new company to manage the portfolio of the new command (which will be established with a capital of Rs 10,000 crore). The government says that it is intervening to mitigate potential damages that the banks could suffer as a result of the provisioning for non-performing assets and recapitalisation that the government (as a majority investor of most PSBs) may be required to invest on. With the forthcoming Union budget’s planning an outpouring of clamour and market demand is being felt to set up a ‘poor bank’ to sweep bad debts.

Collective Decision-Making and the Economic Vote

Experimental evidence suggests that decision makers with proposal power are held responsible for collective decisions. In the case of coalition governments, voter heuristics assign responsibility for economic outcomes to individual parties, directing the economic vote toward the Prime Minister party. Using extensive survey data from 1988 to 2010 in 28 democracies, we demonstrate that voters also identify the Finance Minister party as responsible depending on whether the coalition context exaggerates or mutes its perceived agenda power. When parties take ownership for particular policy areas, and decision-making is compartmentalized, voters perceive the Finance Minister as having proposal power and it receives a larger economic vote. Online survey experiments in Ireland and the Netherlands confirm that subjects employ compartmentalization signals to identify, and punish, coalition parties with proposal power.