Theology and Ecumenism after Edinburgh 1910

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Marlene Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

How was early twentieth-century Protestant Christianity, so prone to division, able to initiate and sustain a movement that sought Christian unity? What was the significance for the movement of the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh 1910? What was the effect of the First World War on the newly emerging ecumenical movement? These questions provide the main themes of this chapter. It describes and assesses the impact of the voluntary movements that had been influenced by the Evangelical Awakening; the revivalism of the 1880s; the development of a Kingdom of God theology; and the missionary movement’s goal of evangelizing the world in a generation. It also describes the major contributions of John R. Mott, Joseph H. Oldham, and David S. Cairns in the first two decades of the twentieth century, when the churches had reached a watershed in their relations.

100 Years Ago: A Bibliographical Calendar of Diplomacy and International Law: In the Years 1914 and 1915

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schwietzke ◽  
Peter Macalister-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This Bibliographical Calendar focuses on a general armed conflict within Europe that spread to most parts of the world. It started during the second decade of the twentieth century. In this context the present Calendar offers an overview of the chronology leading up to the First World War. It is also a documented survey of official transactions relating to the World War with particular attention to the sources of record. The main focus of the work is on diplomatic acts of the belligerent and neutral parties that accompanied the military dimension of the conflict.The Calendar assumes the form of a compilation of related kinds of information situated between a bibliography and a repertory, with the aim of elucidating the course of World War One from the perspectives of international law and diplomacy.

scholarly journals A trianoni békeszerződés és a dunai hajózás

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Mihály Krámli
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
World War ◽  
International Regime ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World ◽  
Peace Treaties

The scope of this paper is to analyse the Danube policy of the Allied Powers after the First World War, their intention to create a new international régime, and to hone in on the impact of the Treaty of Trianon, the new Statue of the Danube of 1921 and the distribution of a part of the former Austrian and Hungarian riverine merchant fl eets on the Hungarian navigation on the Danube. Before the end of the World War the Austro-Hungarian riverine merchant fl eet was a dominant factor in the navigation on the Danube. The Allied Powers wanted to break this dominancy and to formulate a new international régime on the Danube favourable for them. These eff orts were present in the peace treaties. The Convention Instituting the Defi nitive Statue of the Danube was signed at Paris in July 1921. The provisions of the Convention formulated by the victors were very unfavourable for Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria. To capitalise on the benefi ts provided for them by the peace treaties and the Convention of 1921 in the Danube navigation, it had to create considerable merchant fl eets for Czechoslovakia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Romania. For this scope the peace treaties provided that Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria should cede to the interested Allied Powers certain property pertaining to navigation on the Danube. Upon the decision of arbitrator Walker D. Hines of 2 August 1921, Hungary has lost nearly 50 percent of its Danube merchant fleet.

scholarly journals Размышления о Первой мировой войне

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Е.В. Соловьева ◽  
Р.А Костюшин
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Current State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

The article analyzes the reasons for the outbreak of the First World War, its result for our country, the impact of that massacre on the subsequent development of the world, Russia and the current state of mankind.

scholarly journals Mobilising the Red Cross Journal: A Charity’s Periodical in Wartime

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Marjorie Gehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

The first issue of the Red Cross Journal was published in January 1914, only eight months before the outbreak of the First World War. This article explores the impact of the war on this publication, as the work of the charity it represented dramatically expanded over the course of the conflict. How did the Journal survive the war, at a time when the Red Cross was deeply involved in supporting soldiers? This article examines the genesis of this publication and its evolving role during the war. This periodical, we argue, not only helped raise awareness of the work carried out by the Red Cross, but it also served practical purposes in the areas of training and funding. This publication reveals an increasingly critical stance towards the British Empire’s enemies in the war, as well as the need for the British Red Cross Society to foster a sense of unity amongst members posted around the world.

scholarly journals Fabianism and Guild Socialism: Two Views of Democracy

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Exception ◽  
Parliamentary Politics ◽  
Political Vocabulary ◽  
First World

In this century British socialism has rarely engaged in serious internal debate about the fundamental concepts of its political vocabulary. In this respect, as in others, British socialism has been true to the wider traditions of British political life. There has, of course, been much vigorous controversy on policy and programme, but also a remarkable absence of genuine doctrinal debate, certainly as compared with continental socialisms. A major exception to this, however, is to be found in the decade which has the First World War at its centre. Indeed, this may be regarded as the most creative period in British socialist thought in the twentieth century (notwithstanding the superficially more turbulent 1930's); and it is a period which ends, interestingly, in the early 1920's, when Labour becomes securely established in the world of parliamentary politics.

Wars and Rumors of Wars

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-35
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
World War ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First World

This chapter suggests that the consequences of the First World War for patterns of Christian belief and the life of the churches were indeed great, but that they stimulated, not an immediate loss of faith, but rather the emergence and increasingly distinct self-definition of some of the most characteristic themes and divergent styles of Christianity in the modern world. It then identifies the main implications of the war for Christianity on a world stage. First, the war came close to destroying the spirit of Protestant internationalism that had been so powerfully symbolized and fostered by the World Missionary Conference held at Edinburgh in June of 1910. A second consequence of the war was the gradual erosion of credibility of the European ideal of “Christian civilization,” and consequent softening of the antithesis between “Christian West” and “Non-Christian East.” Third, the war led some theological interpreters to question the more facile expressions of Christian liberalism and social optimism to which sections of the Protestant churches had succumbed since the dawn of the twentieth century. A fourth spiritual consequence of the war was the stimulus it imparted to forms of religion that emphasized the suprarational, and hence the limits of rational human capacity to change the world.

Brazil in the First World War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rinke
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

When news broke of the war in Europe, there was talk of a catastrophe that, as a result of the close-knit global entanglements, would embroil the world in an unprecedented crisis. The world dimensions of the events were in evidence to contemporary Latin American observers from early on. Despite the region’s considerable distance from the battlefields, the First World War was felt more than any other previous event outside Latin America in Brazil, and it was clear that its repercussions would affect the lives of average citizens. The relative isolation from which people in the region had witnessed other conflicts in Europe prior to 1914 came to an end. Many Brazilians took an active interest in the war. They participated in the debates about the end of Western hegemony and the downfall of Europe, which took place around the world and would become emblematic of the 20th century. The perception of the war followed a global logic, as Brazil was entangled in the events because of the new type of economic and propaganda war. Modern historiography largely ignored the impact of the war in Brazil, although a number of treatises appeared immediately after the conflict. It was not until the advent of dependence theory that interest was rekindled in the significance of the First World War. The picture changed in 2014 when several important studies integrated new perspectives of cultural and global history. While the First World War may have long been a marginal concern of Brazilian historiography, it was even more common to find “general” histories of the conflagration devoid of any perspective other than the European and that of the United States. But in the total wars of the 20th century, even a neutral country could not remain passive. As a result of its natural resources and strategic position, Brazil was to become an actor in this conflagration.

scholarly journals Music, Noise, and the First World War in Ford Madox Ford's Parade's End

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Moss
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Parade's End registers the potential and necessity for a transition in conceptions of music informed by new sounds experienced during the First World War. In the trenches, Tietjens interprets a bombardment as a Wagnerian orchestra, encouraging contemplation of where and why demarcation lines between music and noise are drawn, as well as reflection on the utopian project of Wagner's Gesamtkunstwerk (Total Art-Work). Ford's tetralogy has a significant contribution to make towards understanding how writers were navigating the impact of noise on music in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals Historisising twentieth-century historiography

HISTOREIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Antonis Liakos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

The twentieth century has been described as a dark century of wars, holocausts, death and pain. This is true, but it is only a partial image of the century. This article discusses five major challenges and their relations to historiography: a) the disintegration of empires, decolonisation and the rise of new nations; b) the impact of world wars (genocides, revolutions, totalitarian regimes); c) the boom in technoscience and the digital era; d) the ascent of rights, the transformation of gender relations and mass literacy; and e) globalisation. These changes were experienced by three generations of historians. The first generation appeared before the First World War, the second from 1918 to 1970 and the third from 1970. The question we pose is: has the history of historiography responded to these challenges or does it also have its internal logic? And how has it responded?

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