After Care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Godfrey ◽  
Pam Cox ◽  
Heather Shore ◽  
Zoe Alker
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Release System ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
After Care

Chapters 6 follows the children out of the institutional gate and into adulthood. It draws on rich personal evidence created through the ‘licence’ (or early release) system as well as census, military, employment, criminal justice, and local press records to track their subsequent journeys through life. The chapter focuses on the experiences of the majority who—to our knowledge—desisted from further offending. This group might be described as adolescent-limited offenders. The factors that seem likely to have contributed to their ‘successful’ reintegration are examined, and there is consideration of what that ‘success’ may have meant in terms of wider life chances and social mobility.

The Politics of Inertia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Home Office ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Short Sentence ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Face

The chapter explores the ever more complex policy debates that surrounded the efforts to extend a system of early release to short sentence prisoners. It begins with an overview of the main candidates for reform and the strengths and weaknesses of these policy options. It explores the Home Office Review of Parole in England and Wales and considers why these recommendations were so quickly abandoned in the face of political and judicial pressure. It then goes on to examine the passage of the Criminal Justice Act 1982, a significant piece of legislation which resulted in wide-ranging reform of parole in England and Wales. The chapter concludes with a number of reflections upon the policy inertia of the early 1980s and what that reveals about the changing aims and techniques of criminal justice at this time.

scholarly journals Mercy towards decarceration: Examining the legal constraints on early release from prison

Incarceration ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 263266632097780
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cox ◽  
Dwayne Betts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Release ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Release From Prison

There are close to seven million people under correctional supervision in the United States, both in prison and in the community. The US criminal justice system is widely regarded as an inherently unmerciful institution by scholars and policymakers but also by people who have spent time in prison and their family members; it is deeply punitive, racist, expansive and damaging in its reach. In this article, we probe the meanings of mercy for the institution of parole.

‘Maybe Life Can Become Easier Because of My Good Grades’: Children’s Conflicting Repertoires on Aspirations and Life Chances

2020 ◽  
pp. 136078042097541
Author(s):  
Imane Kostet ◽  
Noel Clycq ◽  
Gert Verschraegen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Education System ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Future

In this article, we draw on interviews with pupils aged 11–13 years, to analyse children’s aspirations, expectations of the future, and reasonings about social inequality in the context of an early tracking education system. We highlight the conflicting yet creative ways in which children make sense of inequality in relation to life chances. Although our child-respondents prefer structural explanations for inequality, they strategically draw on repertoires of individual social mobility to express their faith in personal agency and meritocracy. In doing so, these children use narratives of upwards mobility that have arisen in very different socio-economic and political contexts to make sense of inequality in their own locality.

Early Release in Comparative Historical Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Democratic State

The chapter outlines the central concerns of this book. It builds the case for the study of early release in comparative historical perspective and highlights the important, but often overlooked, role early release has played within the criminal justice apparatus of the liberal democratic state. It goes on to locate the evolution of early release within a wider context of policy change and, using a case study approach, identifies three critical periods of reform that exemplify the evolving ideas, trade-offs, and political controversies that marked the evolution of early release in England and Wales between 1960 and 1995.

Childcare, life chances and social justice

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Gideon Calder
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Matter

The notion of ‘life chances’ is frequently invoked in political rhetoric and debate about social mobility and equality of opportunity. Typically, it is only loosely defined. This article considers the relationship between the ‘life chances’ agenda and persistent questions about the relationship between childcare and social justice. It unpacks the notion of ‘fair life chances’, considers problems associated with how life chances are measured, suggests that childcare will hold a pivotal place in any coherent ‘life chances’ agenda, and offers a defence of the crucial value of a child-focused analysis as part of the wider articulation of such an agenda. The chapter concludes with a proposal that we address childcare as a ‘relationship good’ – a uniquely valuable form of relationship, the distribution of which should be treated as a basic matter of social justice.

scholarly journals Educational Expansion and Social Mobility: The Scottish Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Social

For over a century, the goal of reducing class inequalities in educational attainment has been based at least in part on the belief that this would help to equalise life chances. Drawing upon the main findings of three ESRC-funded projects, this paper reviews the empirical evidence on trends in social class inequalities in educational attainment and the role of education in promoting social mobility in Scotland. The findings show that in the second half of the twentieth century, despite the increase in overall levels of attainment, class differences in educational attainment persisted. Educational policies in Scotland supported educational expansion which allowed larger numbers of working-class children to climb the social class ladder than in the past. However, these did not translate into any break with the patterns of social inequalities in the chances of entering the top-level occupations. The conclusions highlight that educational policies on their own are not powerful enough to change patterns of social mobility which are mainly driven by labour market and social class structures.

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