The Role of Culture, Ideas, and Leadership

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198789345.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Marcin Piatkowski

Keyword(s):

Transition Economies ◽

Critical Role ◽

Economic Institutions ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

European Institutions ◽

European Culture ◽

Western Values ◽

Western European

In this chapter I highlight the critical role of culture in the functioning of political and economic institutions in transition economies. People’s beliefs, stereotypes, mindsets, and unwritten ways of doing things ultimately decide whether institutions are efficient or not. I then focus on the interaction of culture, institutions, and growth in Poland and try to explain why the country’s seemingly conservative culture, which in many respects seems to be at odds with Western European culture, especially as regards religion, has not prevented it from becoming Europe’s growth champion. I argue that it was because of strong elites that internalized Western values, an implicit quid pro quo between the new elites and the more conservative parts of the society to install European institutions and promote Western values in exchange for the promise of economic prosperity, and the generally non-fundamentalist nature of religion in Poland. I also discuss the key roles of individuals, ideas, and luck in Poland’s post-transition performance.

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ECONOMICS AND CULTURE

Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan ◽

10.21098/bemp.v22i1.1035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 282-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iwan Jaya Aziz

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Transaction Costs ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Real World ◽

Critical Role ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Central Concept ◽

Mainstream Economics

The notion that something that cannot be measured does not exist seems to apply to the absence of consideration of culture in economics, where the role of institutions is at the center of the link between the two. Yet, economic prosperity, crisis, and deprivation result from human behavior, reflecting the outcome of social learning—a central concept of culture. Institutions and culture interact and evolve in complementary ways. Each can affect the process of exchange and transaction costs, which in turn determine economic performance. Although more work has been done to better understand the interrelation between economics and culture, most falls on deaf ears among mainstream economists, despite the fact that real-world cases show the critical role of this interrelation. This paper demonstrates a deficiency of mainstream economics in its disregard of the role of culture and institutions.

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Trust and Cooperation

10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Thöni

Keyword(s):

Cooperative Behavior ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

Public Goods Game ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Survey Item ◽

Group Trust ◽

Micro Foundations

Most of the empirical research on the role of trust as a determinant for economic prosperity relies on survey measured indicators for trust. In this chapter I discuss a number of studies providing micro-foundations of the link between survey measured trust and cooperative behavior in controlled experiments. The results suggest that the most frequently used survey item on trust correlates with a preference for making the trusting move. In contrast, a survey item on fairness is a strong predictor for a person's expectations about the other's trustworthiness. Applied to a cross-cultural perspective I discuss the radius of trust problem and investigate the role of in-group and out-group trust. In a repeated public goods game I find that out-group trust predicts cooperation in the first round of the game, whereas towards the end of the game in-group trust seems to gain importance.

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The Failed Asabiyya and Cultural Suicide in Michel Houellebecq’s Submission

Journal of Humanity and Society (İnsan & Toplum Dergisi) ◽

10.12658/m0440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 97-132

Author(s):

Nagihan Haliloğlu

Keyword(s):

Social Behaviour ◽

14Th Century ◽

Ibn Khaldun ◽

Muslim Scholar ◽

European Culture ◽

French People ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Western European ◽

Contemporary Author

This article identifies the correspondences that Ibn Khaldun’s concepts of asabiya, mulk and dynasty have in Michel Houellebecq’s 2015 novel Submission. It analyses the work of a contemporary author through the method sketched out by a Muslim scholar of the 14th century, thereby provincializing a European text, and showing the continuities of cultural thought in the Mediterranean. While putting the role of asabiya at the centre, the article deploys Dipesh Chakrabarty’s understanding of provincialization, and Fernand Braudel’s concept of encounters in the Mediterranean. In Submission, Houellebecq describes a France in which a Muslim candidate has become the president. As the perceived source of Western European culture, Mediterranean has become uncanny, and Houellebecq’s novels reflect this uneasy relationship between the continent and the basin. Houellebecq’s narrator reflects how the decline of France and its apparent cultural suicide is due to lack of solidarity between the classes, how White French people are very quick to adopt the ways of the Maghrebi immigrants, and how, ultimately, the Maghrebi immigrants who are now in power will suffer the same loss of vitality as their White French predecessors. These observations comply with the cyclical social behaviour that Ibn Khaldun has mapped out in the Muqaddimah.

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The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle15.2.50 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Philofsky

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Critical Role ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Screening Assessment ◽

Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

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