scholarly journals The Lingering of the Literal in Some Poems of Emily Dickinson

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Emily Dickinson ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Recent Refinement

Dickinson is known for her adventurous metaphors (‘Risk is the hair that holds the tun’, ‘Hope is the thing with feathers’), but also—and one might think paradoxically—for her attachment to the literal, to the thing that remains stubbornly itself (in this refusal of transcendence critics sometimes contrast her with Emerson, for whom the whole world is ‘emblematic’). This chapter seeks to account for this apparent paradox from the perspective of relevance theory’s so-called ‘deflationary’ account of metaphors. That account is briefly introduced, along with Robyn Carston’s recent refinement of it, according to which under certain circumstances the literal or encyclopaedic component used to produce an ad hoc concept ‘lingers’ beyond its interpretive resolution. A close reading of four Dickinson poems reveals them to be rich in ‘the lingering of the literal’, though in each case the literal vestige takes a different—and sometimes surprising—form.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Patients and Health Professionals Regarding Screening Algorithms: Qualitative Study

10.2196/17971 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e17971
Author(s):  
Christina Oxholm ◽  
Anne-Marie Soendergaard Christensen ◽  
Regina Christiansen ◽  
Uffe Kock Wiil ◽  
Anette Søgaard Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Professional Discretion ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Background As a preamble to an attempt to develop a tool that can aid health professionals at hospitals in identifying whether the patient may have an alcohol abuse problem, this study investigates opinions and attitudes among both health professionals and patients about using patient data from electronic health records (EHRs) in an algorithm screening for alcohol problems. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals at hospitals regarding the use of previously collected data in developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool in EHR for screening inexpedient alcohol habits; in addition, the study aims to analyze how patients would feel about asking and being asked about alcohol by staff, based on a notification in the EHR from such a tool. Methods Using semistructured interviews, we interviewed 9 health professionals and 5 patients to explore their opinions and attitudes about an algorithm-based helping tool and about asking and being asked about alcohol usage when being given a reminder from this type of tool. The data were analyzed using an ad hoc method consistent with a close reading and meaning condensing. Results The health professionals were both positive and negative about a helping tool grounded in algorithms. They were optimistic about the potential of such a tool to save some time by providing a quick overview if it was easy to use but, on the negative side, noted that this type of helping tool might take away the professionals’ instinct. The patients were overall positive about the helping tool, stating that they would find this tool beneficial for preventive care. Some of the patients expressed concerns that the information provided by the tool could be misused. Conclusions When developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool, the following aspects should be considered: (1) making the helping tool as transparent in its recommendations as possible, avoiding black boxing, and ensuring room for professional discretion in clinical decision making; and (2) including and taking into account the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals in the design and development process of such an algorithmic helping tool.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCES MADE OF WOOL: VISUAL AND VERBAL METAPHORICAL RECONCEPTUALIZATION IN ADOPTION AND FOSTER CARE NARRATIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-121
Author(s):  
Coral Calvo-Maturana
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Cognitive Power ◽  
Sense Of Identity

This paper aims at exploring adoption and foster care discourse (AFD) so as to uncover the role of multimodal novel metaphor, and the resulting ad hoc concepts, in (re)addressing (AF) narratives. It specifically focuses on the picture book Speranza’s Sweater (Pusey and Mello, 2018), and the extended conceptual metaphor a life story (of a child [in adoption or foster care]) is a sweater, as well as the net of minor related metaphors. These are analysed following Romero and Soria’s (1997, 2005a, 2007, 2014 and 2016) as well as Forceville (1994, 2008)’s frameworks on, respectively, novel and multimodal metaphors. Dictionaries, thesauri, corpus-assisted tools, as well as close reading/viewing will inform the delineation of source and target domains. The paper illustrates and concludes the cognitive power of multimodal creative choices in relation to (AFD) to integrate children’s past, present, and future experiences, while strengthening their sense of identity and belonging.

ProtAnt

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Anthony ◽  
Paul Baker
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Ranked List

Corpus-based researchers and traditional qualitative researchers, such as those interested in critical discourse analysis, are often required to select prototypical texts for close reading that include the language features of interest that are present in a much larger corpus. Traditional approaches to this selection procedure have been largely ad hoc. In this paper, we offer a more principled way of selecting texts for close reading based on a ranking of texts in terms of the number of keywords they contain. To facilitate this analysis, we have developed a multiplatform, freeware software tool called ProtAnt that analyses the texts, generates a ranked list of keywords based on statistical significance and effect size, and then orders the texts by the number of keywords in them. We describe various experiments that demonstrate the ProtAnt analysis is effective not only at identifying prototypical texts, but also identifying outlier texts that may need to be removed from a target corpus.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Patients and Health Professionals Regarding Screening Algorithms: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oxholm ◽  
Anne-Marie Soendergaard Christensen ◽  
Regina Christiansen ◽  
Uffe Kock Wiil ◽  
Anette Søgaard Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Professional Discretion ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

BACKGROUND As a preamble to an attempt to develop a tool that can aid health professionals at hospitals in identifying whether the patient may have an alcohol abuse problem, this study investigates opinions and attitudes among both health professionals and patients about using patient data from electronic health records (EHRs) in an algorithm screening for alcohol problems. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals at hospitals regarding the use of previously collected data in developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool in EHR for screening inexpedient alcohol habits; in addition, the study aims to analyze how patients would feel about <i>asking</i> and <i>being asked</i> about alcohol by staff, based on a notification in the EHR from such a tool. METHODS Using semistructured interviews, we interviewed 9 health professionals and 5 patients to explore their opinions and attitudes about an algorithm-based helping tool and about asking and being asked about alcohol usage when being given a reminder from this type of tool. The data were analyzed using an ad hoc method consistent with a close reading and meaning condensing. RESULTS The health professionals were both positive and negative about a helping tool grounded in algorithms. They were optimistic about the potential of such a tool to save some time by providing a quick overview if it was easy to use but, on the negative side, noted that this type of helping tool might take away the professionals’ instinct. The patients were overall positive about the helping tool, stating that they would find this tool beneficial for preventive care. Some of the patients expressed concerns that the information provided by the tool could be misused. CONCLUSIONS When developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool, the following aspects should be considered: (1) making the helping tool as transparent in its recommendations as possible, avoiding black boxing, and ensuring room for professional discretion in clinical decision making; and (2) including and taking into account the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals in the design and development process of such an algorithmic helping tool.

scholarly journals Death and Immortality—An Everlasting Puzzle: A Comparative Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s Two Poems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Qigang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Emily Dickinson ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Human History ◽  
Semantic Ambiguity ◽  
Attitude Towards Death ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude

<p>Emily Dickinson as a religious poet was obsessed with the subject of death and immortality; about third of her poems feature this enigma which baffles not only the ordinary multitudes but also those great thinking minds throughout the human history. But up to now, it remains by and large a matter of belief, and people’s belief is subject to vacillation, especially so when this elusive subject is concerned. Emily Dickinson is no exception. This article makes use of close reading as its analyzing method. By way of detailed examinations on the semantic ambiguity and uncertainty of particular words, the narrative incoherence revealed in the unusual change of tenses as well as the inconsistency in the image of Death, it reveals that Dickinson, like many other great thinking minds, held an ambivalent attitude towards death and immortality. As a matter of fact, what can be deduced from all her poems on this enigma is an obsessed spirit which was questioning, doubting while at the same time believing.</p>

Die COVID-19-Pandemie im akutstationären Setting aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Katharina Silies ◽  
Angelika Schley ◽  
Janna Sill ◽  
Steffen Fleischer ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Studie ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Task Forces

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine Ausnahmesituation ohne Präzedenz und erforderte zahlreiche Ad-hoc-Anpassungen in den Strukturen und Prozessen der akutstationären Versorgung. Ziel: Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege die stationäre Akutversorgung durch die Pandemiesituation beeinflusst wurde und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Zukunft ergeben. Methoden: Qualitative Studie bestehend aus semistrukturierten Interviews mit fünf Verantwortlichen des leitenden Pflegemanagements und drei Hygienefachkräften in vier Krankenhäusern in Deutschland. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beschrieben den auf die prioritäre Versorgung von COVID-19-Fällen hin umstrukturierten Klinikalltag. Herausforderungen waren Unsicherheit und Angst bei den Mitarbeiter_innen, relative Ressourcenknappheit von Material und Personal und die schnelle Umsetzung neuer Anforderungen an die Versorgungleistung. Dem wurde durch gezielte Kommunikation und Information, massive Anstrengungen zur Sicherung der Ressourcen und koordinierte Steuerung aller Prozesse durch bereichsübergreifende, interprofessionelle Task Forces begegnet. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der COVID-19-Pandemie vorgenommenen Anpassungen zeigen Entwicklungspotenziale für die zukünftige Routineversorgung auf, z. B. könnten neue Arbeits- und Skill Mix-Modelle aufgegriffen werden. Für die Konkretisierung praktischer Implikationen sind vertiefende Analysen der Daten mit zeitlichem Abstand erforderlich.

Tests und Tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Non Profit

Zusammenfassung. Der FEO, der in Kooperation mit betrieblichen Praktikern entwickelt wurde, dient der Erfassung des Organisationsklimas. Er umfasst 82 Items und bildet 12 Skalen ab. Eine Stärke des FEO im Gegensatz zu ad hoc entwickelten Befragungsinstrumenten sind die Vergleichsdaten, die für Profit- und Non-Profit-Organisationen bereit gestellt werden. Kritisch diskutiert wird die theoretische Verortung, die Anwenderfreundlichkeit sowie der Nutzen der individuellen Auswertung. Die konsensuale, konvergente, diskriminante und kriterienbezogene Validierung steht aus.

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