Tests und Tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Non Profit

Zusammenfassung. Der FEO, der in Kooperation mit betrieblichen Praktikern entwickelt wurde, dient der Erfassung des Organisationsklimas. Er umfasst 82 Items und bildet 12 Skalen ab. Eine Stärke des FEO im Gegensatz zu ad hoc entwickelten Befragungsinstrumenten sind die Vergleichsdaten, die für Profit- und Non-Profit-Organisationen bereit gestellt werden. Kritisch diskutiert wird die theoretische Verortung, die Anwenderfreundlichkeit sowie der Nutzen der individuellen Auswertung. Die konsensuale, konvergente, diskriminante und kriterienbezogene Validierung steht aus.

scholarly journals Policy Lessons From Medical Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Giovanni Dosi
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Public Money

AbstractThis article discusses the medical/therapeutical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and their political economy context. First, the very quick development of several vaccines highlights the richness of the basic knowledge waiting for therapeutical exploitation. Such knowledge has largely originated in public or non-profit institutions. Second, symmetrically, there is longer-term evidence that the private sector (essentially big pharma) has decreased its investment in basic research in general and has long been uninterested in vaccines in particular. Only when flooded with an enormous amount of public money did it become eager to undertake applied research, production scale-up and testing. Third, the political economy of the underlying public-private relationship reveals a profound dysfunctionality with the public being unable to determine the rates and direction of innovation, but at the same time confined to the role of payer of first and last resort, with dire consequences for both advanced, and more so developing countries. Fourth, on normative grounds, measures like ad hoc patent waivers are certainly welcome, but this will not address the fundamental challenge, involving a deep reform of the intellectual property rights regimes and their international protection.

scholarly journals Corporate Forms Facilitating Non-Profit Networking: Formalizing the Informal

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-224
Author(s):  
Lyra Jakulevičienė ◽  
Regina Valutytė
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Informal Cooperation

Abstract Cooperation and networking among a variety of organisations for the purpose of research, projects, and other activities ranges from ad hoc to long term organisational relationships, formalised or based on informal cooperation. Although informality is frequently much valued and drives organisations to partner on substance rather than bureaucracy, formalisation of networks and cooperation might be indispensible for effective partnerships and activities, as well as representation of mutual interests beyond the national level. How shall such networks be formalised at European and/or national levels so that they are flexible enough, involve minimum bureaucracy, and engage the maximum scope of possible activities? This article focuses on the analysis of possible legal structures facilitating the work of a group of entities and individuals engaged in cross-border activities. This study examines the potential of national legal opportunities in five countries: Belgium, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and the Netherlands, and the proven legal form of EEIG in reducing the barriers for cooperation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these legal forms for a formalized network and the purposes it serves.

scholarly journals Reproducible Bioinformatics Project: A community for reproducible bioinformatics analysis pipelines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kulkarni ◽  
Luca Alessandrì ◽  
Riccardo Panero ◽  
Maddalena Arigoni ◽  
Martina Olivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Application ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
R Package ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Analysis Workflow ◽  
General Schema ◽  
R Functions

AbstractBackgroundReproducibility of a research is a key element in the modern science and it is mandatory for any industrial application. It represents the ability of replicating an experiment independently by the location and the operator. Therefore, a study can be considered reproducible only if all used data are available and the exploited computational analysis workflow is clearly described. However, today for reproducing a complex bioinformatics analysis, the raw data and a list of tools used in the workflow could be not enough to guarantee the reproducibility of the results obtained. Indeed, different releases of the same tools and/or of the system libraries (exploited by such tools) might lead to sneaky reproducibility issues.ResultsTo address this challenge, we established the Reproducible Bioinformatics Project (RBP), which is a non-profit and open-source project, whose aim is to provide a schema and an infrastructure, based on docker images and R package, to provide reproducible results in Bioinformatics. One or more Docker images are then defined for a workflow (typically one for each task), while the workflow implementation is handled via R-functions embedded in a package available at github repository. Thus, a bioinformatician participating to the project has firstly to integrate her/his workflow modules into Docker image(s) exploiting an Ubuntu docker image developed ad hoc by RPB to make easier this task. Secondly, the workflow implementation must be realized in R according to an R-skeleton function made available by RPB to guarantee homogeneity and reusability among different RPB functions. Moreover she/he has to provide the R vignette explaining the package functionality together with an example dataset which can be used to improve the user confidence in the workflow utilization.ConclusionsReproducible Bioinformatics Project provides a general schema and an infrastructure to distribute robust and reproducible workflows. Thus, it guarantees to final users the ability to repeat consistently any analysis independently by the used UNIX-like architecture.

Spreadsheet Errors and Decision Making

2008 ◽  
pp. 856-874
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽  
Erica Layne Morrison ◽  
Timothy Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Almost All

Spreadsheets are both ubiquitous and error-prone, but there is less evidence concerning whether spreadsheet errors frequently lead to bad decisions. We interviewed forty-five executives and senior managers / analysts in the private, public, and non-profit sectors about their experiences with spreadsheet errors and quality control. Almost all report spreadsheet errors are common. Most can report instances in which errors directly led to losses or bad decisions, but opinions differ as to whether the consequences of spreadsheet errors are severe. Quality control procedures are in most cases informal. A significant minority of respondents believe such ad hoc processes are sufficient because the “human in the loop” can detect any gross errors. Others thought more formal spreadsheet quality control could be beneficial.

Critical Success Factors of Cause-Related Marketing

2013 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Ioanna Papasolomou
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Corporate Social

Cause Related Marketing (CRM) emerged in the 1980s following a campaign launched by American Express to donate money to different non-profit organizations as part of the San Francisco Arts Festival. Ever since, CRM has developed into one of the most popular corporate social responsibility strategies and has been practiced by some of the biggest corporations in the world, such as Kellogg’s, Tesco, Avon, BT, and many more. In its early years, it was characterized as a fad, but its impressive growth in the last few years proves that it is seen as a highly potent tool for achieving the marketing objectives of a business. CRM has the potential to emotionally and rationally engage stakeholders with companies and brands and strengthen the management’s effort to add value and sustain brands. CRM must be a long-term strategy and not an ad hoc initiative implemented to boost sales. A number of factors are critical to its success: well-defined underlying values, commitment of senior-level management, planning and implementing a strategic approach, careful selection of cause/charity, and communication and promotion.

Addressing Exclusion in Organizations: Social Desire Paths and Undocumented Students Attending College

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
National Study ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
College Staff ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Abstract With data from a national study of a network of 28 private, non-profit colleges in the United States, I show how the individual actions of high school and college staff became collective “social desire paths” to introduce new organizational practices to enroll students who were undocumented. In interviews with staff, four factors emerged as important in enrolling students: (1) the way social desire paths started as ad hoc processes and then were entrenched through the collective and similar responses of staff; (2) identification of financial, administrative, structural, and cultural barriers to inclusion that formed the basis for the development of social desire paths; (3) the way staff innovated paths by reforming current procedures as well as developing new practices; and (4) the role of organizational values in supporting social desire paths. Along with uncovering the processes and practices, I also argue that using a social desire path approach helps researchers and managers detect organizational structures that exclude desired populations, and provides a means by which the actions of “street-level bureaucrats” that become collective can address social problems at the organization level.

scholarly journals A universal metric for evaluating, optimising and benchmarking the performance of a Research Technology Platform (RTP)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Petrunkina ◽  
A. Filby
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Bio Imaging

AbstractResearch Technology Platforms (RTPs) exist to facilitate the application and utilisation of specific analytical technologies to the highest possible standard thus delivering reputable data across a broad spectrum of research themes. Specifically, RTPs centralise expertise in a given technology and provide an unparalleled level of continuity and practical knowledge retention that simply cannot be achieved by more organic, ad hoc means of support. As small non profit businesses often tasked with recovering all or a percentage of their running costs, RTPs are under significant pressure to keep pace with rapidly advancing technology and new methodologies against a back drop of dwindling funding for scientific research. At present there are a number of non-trivial issues that make assessing the operational performance of a RTP difficult to determine on a standalone basis let alone attempting to benchmark against other RTPs within the same or different technology fields. Firstly, depending on the technological speciality the RTP may work to one of essentially three operational models. RTPs such as Bio-Imaging or Cytometry provide access to well-maintained analytical systems that can be utilised by trained individuals for a timed access charge. In some cases there will be a requirement for assisted operation of certain instruments by core staff (e.g. cell sorters). Genomics and Proteomics RTPs tend to function on a project basis whereby users will not access the technology themselves rather pay for a full analytical service often with a milestone-based approach for tracking progress. Other RTPs work to a hybrid approach were technical staff provide certain elements of sample preparation for specific projects prior to analysis on core supported, user accessible instrumentation. Secondly the specific operational costs that each RTP is tasked to recover varies significantly on a local, national and international level due to institutional subsidies. These operational costs can include staff salaries, instrument maintenance, associated running consumables, and in some cases instrument depreciation but there is standardised rule as to what each RTP is tasked to recover and to what percentage.Here we present a generalised mathematical approach to describe the customisable metrics of any given RTP serviceThe general strategy how to increase performance within the framework of this approach has been identified through breaking down these customisable metrics into components and maximising them according to specific requirements. These strategies could be potentially adopted for different operational or local procedures, integrating the specifics related to the institutional or national policies. The approach laid down here should be considered as a trigger for opening a discussion around how to address optimising RTP performance and allow for benchmarking across the full breadth of RTPs.

An Overview of Facilities Providing Clinical Services for Persons Who Stutter in Kuwait

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Latifa Alsalmi ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Clinical Directors

Presently, no clear picture is available about the facilities providing clinical services for persons who stutter (PWS) in Kuwait. This information is crucial for any awareness program to be established in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical facilities and speech-language personnel that provide services for PWS in Kuwait. Participants consisted of 21 clinical directors of governmental medical centers, non-profit clinics, and private clinics as well as department heads of governmental school clinics where speech-language services were provided. Participants were interviewed regarding the availability of speech-language services within their centers and whether or not PWS receive services. The results revealed that four out of five governmental medical centers with a total of 32 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provided services for PWS. Additionally, 12 schools of special education were found to have 62 SLPs on their staff providing fluency services for students. Finally, two stand-alone private clinics and one non-profit clinic provided services for PWS. Results indicated an overall shortage of SLPs in the country, especially in medical settings. This study sets the foundation for a series of future studies investigating the type and quality of stuttering services provided by the identified facilities in Kuwait.

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