United States and Russia Promote Ad Hoc Global Initiative to Enhance Capacity to Deal with Events of Nuclear Terrorism

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-872
Author(s):  
John R. Crook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
Global Initiative

scholarly journals Learning to Detain Asylum Seekers and the Growth of Mass Immigration Detention in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Smita Ghosh ◽  
Mary Hoopes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Important Shift

Drawing upon an analysis of congressional records and media coverage from 1981 to 1996, this article examines the growth of mass immigration detention. It traces an important shift during this period: while detention began as an ad hoc executive initiative that was received with skepticism by the legislature, Congress was ultimately responsible for entrenching the system over objections from the agency. As we reveal, a critical component of this evolution was a transformation in Congress’s perception of asylum seekers. While lawmakers initially decried their detention, they later branded them as dangerous. Lawmakers began describing asylum seekers as criminals or agents of infectious diseases in order to justify their detention, which then cleared the way for the mass detention of arriving migrants more broadly. Our analysis suggests that they may have emphasized the dangerousness of asylum seekers to resolve the dissonance between their theoretical commitments to asylum and their hesitance to welcome newcomers. In addition to this distinctive form of cognitive dissonance, we discuss a number of other implications of our research, including the ways in which the new penology framework figured into the changing discourse about detaining asylum seekers.

scholarly journals The FDSN: history and objectives

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. DzIewonski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Global Seismology ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Seismographic Network

The origins of the Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) can be traced to the summer of 1984. At that time, GEOSCOPE - the French global network of broadband instruments - was already well under way, and in the United States, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) had just published its Science Plan for Global Seismographic Network (GSN). There was clearly an opportunity and the need to involve scientists from other countries in planning for the future of global seismology. An ad hoc meeting of some ten West European seismologists had been arranged in August during the annual meeting of the European Geophysical Society in Louvain. This may be considered to signify the beginning of widescale international cooperation, even though this particular group eventually became the nucleus of ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for EUropean Seismology). Rather than taking an active role in deployment of new stations, it chose to focus on the issue of providing the service for data collection and exchange, with an important mission of developing the requisite software.

scholarly journals Army Urban Augmentation Medical Task Forces for COVID-19: Part 1—Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Dire ◽  
Robert E Suter ◽  
Joe D Robinson ◽  
W Scott Lynn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Federal Emergency Management Agency ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Medical Task ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT This article describes how the U.S. Army developed a new ad hoc medical formation, named Urban Augmentation Medical Task Force for the Department of Defense (DoD) in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in the Continental United States during the spring of 2020. We review the role of the DoD support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency as a part of Defense Support of Civilian Authorities.

Presidents in Charge

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Auerswald ◽  
Stephen M. Saideman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Presidential Transition ◽  
French Case ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Agent Selection ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Nicolas Sarkozy

This chapter focuses primarily on two presidential systems, those of the United States and France. In each country, an individual is empowered to make significant military decisions or delegate those decisions to subordinates. There are two particular elements that distinguish how the Americans ran their war compared to many of the other countries: agent selection and incentives. Because the United States led an ad hoc effort (Operation Enduring Freedom) and only later became the leader of the NATO effort, the primary means of control was leadership selection and termination. The chapter then turns to the French case, where there is a significant change in behavior on the ground that followed the presidential transition from Jacques Chirac to Nicolas Sarkozy. Chirac placed significant restrictions on where the French were deployed and with what capabilities. Sarkozy lifted those restrictions but still answered the phone when questions arose in the field. The chapter also briefly addresses the case of Poland.

“I Prefer Panthers to Pigs”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean L. Malloy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Black Panther Party ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Malcolm X ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Foreign Governments

This chapter looks at how the Black Power pioneers of the early 1960s discovered that relations between minority groups in the United States and the foreign governments or international organizations to which they appealed were seldom conducted on equal terms. While the mushrooming growth of the Black Panther Party (BPP) as a national organization in 1968 gave the party more leverage than Malcolm X or Williams had enjoyed as individuals, the Panthers still interacted with their potential state-level partners as supplicants rather than as equals. The ad hoc, person-to-person diplomacy that formed the foundation of these relationships often revealed ideological schisms both within the party and between the BPP and its potential allies.

Territoriality and Its Troubles

2020 ◽  
pp. 371-388
Author(s):  
George Rutherglen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Federal Statute

This chapter examines what the presumption against extraterritoriality means and how it operates. The presumption against extraterritoriality itself presumes a set of complicated rules about which features of a transnational case count: which features make a case territorial and within the scope of a federal statute because these features can be located within the United States or, if they cannot, make the case extraterritorial and outside the statute’s scope. The dependence of the presumption upon a network of other rules both complicates its operation and makes it a less than certain guide to statutory interpretation. The chapter then considers the justification for territorial allocation of government power generally, and addresses the question of whether any presumption about the territorial scope of statutes must await a new consensus on the appropriate rules of choice of law. It argues that the presumption against extraterritoriality requires a flexible interpretation that makes it more of a principle than a rule. From that premise, the chapter studies the choice between an ad hoc and a principled application of the presumption, both of which are exemplified in recent decisions.

1. An Ad Hoc Navy

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Craig L. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Supply Line

‘An ad hoc navy: the Revolutionary War (1775–1783)’ describes the Patriots’ response to the British Royal Navy strongholds in Boston and New York and the role of armed vessels during the Revolutionary War. It begins with George Washington’s attempts to threaten the British supply line using boats. The Continental Navy was founded on October 13, 1775, but the new program could hardly challenge the Royal Navy. With the exception of John Paul Jones, the Continental Navy proved mostly disappointing. The United States won its independence largely because the determination of the Patriot forces outlasted the British willingness to fight—and to pay for—a war three thousand miles away.

Part III Investment Disputes and Political Risk, 10 Intervention of States in Investment Disputes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubins Noah ◽  
Papanastasiou Thomas-Nektarios ◽  
Kinsella N Stephan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
International Tribunals

This chapter discusses the actions that States may take to obtain redress against other States at whose hands their citizens are mistreated. Where no investment treaty binds home and host States, and where no other instrument offers the jurisdictional foundation for investor–State arbitration, a foreign investor may have no other remedy but to appeal to his government for assistance. A State’s intervention on behalf of its citizens may take several forms, ranging from informal diplomatic discussions to formal adversarial proceedings before ad hoc or standing international tribunals. The remainder of the chapter covers the “espousal” of claims, claims before international tribunals, economic sanctions, invalidation of title, prohibitions against the use of force, and the Foreign Claims Settlement Act of the United States.

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