Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Variable Structure ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Causal Variable ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
Structural Significance

The final chapter concludes the book in two ways. First, it summarizes the central claim that structural significance, institutional capacity, and coalitional dynamics together explain whether subnational officials can advance successful subnational policy challenges. This part of the chapter also assesses the more general theoretical implications of the research findings for each causal variable (structure, capacity, and coalitions). Whereas most of the book examines how decentralization has empowered territorial actors to shape ideological conflicts, the second half of the conclusion reverses this focus by exploring how ideological conflict over the market also shapes territorial outcomes, most significantly through the redistribution of authority and resources between levels of government. The chapter ends with representative examples of recentralization in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru; these show how ideological conflict over the market has led national governments in each country to recentralize authority and resources in the attempt to undercut subnational policy challenges.

Reading Beyond the Code

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Code Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Claim

This book explores the value for literary studies of relevance theory, an inferential approach to communication in which the expression and recognition of intentions plays a major role. Drawing on a wide range of examples from lyric poetry and the novel, nine of the ten chapters are written by literary specialists and use relevance theory both as an overall framework and as a resource for detailed analysis. The final chapter, written by the co-founder of relevance theory, reviews the issues addressed by the volume and explores their implications for cognitive theories of how communicative acts are interpreted in context. Originally designed to explain how people understand each other in everyday face-to-face exchanges, relevance theory—described in an early review by a literary scholar as ‘the makings of a radically new theory of communication, the first since Aristotle’s’—sheds light on the whole spectrum of human modes of communication, including literature in the broadest sense. Reading Beyond the Code is unique in using relevance theory as a prime resource for literary study, and is also the first to apply the model to a range of phenomena widely seen as supporting an ‘embodied’ conception of cognition and language where sensorimotor processes play a key role. This broadened perspective serves to enhance the value for literary studies of the central claim of relevance theory: that the ‘code model’ is fundamentally inadequate to account for human communication, and in particular for the modes of communication that are proper to literature.

When do Subnational Policy Challenges Succeed?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy Challenge ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Structural Significance

This chapter elaborates the book’s theoretical framework by focusing on the three critical variables—structural, institutional, and coalitional—that help explain the outcome of the two types of subnational policy challenges conceptualized in Chapter 1. It argues that a subnational jurisdiction’s structural significance is critical for the ability to influence the national policy regime (the second type of policy challenge), while its institutional capacity is essential for the defense of ideologically deviant subnational policy regimes (the first type of policy challenge). The third variable, internal and external coalitional strength, matters for both types of challenges. After situating these hypotheses relative to a variety of political science literatures, the chapter then introduces the Bolivian, Ecuadorian, and Peruvian cases by focusing on the similarities that make these countries a productive site for small-N comparison. The chapter also scores each country on the dependent variable and describes the book’s data-collection methods.

Conclusion and Recommendations

2014 ◽  
pp. 226-238
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Channels

This book started with a brief review of different outlooks on the role of financial sector development in the process of economic growth. Then it highlighted the fact that recent studies, particularly those originating from modern growth theory, suggest that financial intermediation affects growth through various channels. To test this proposition, an empirical model was built, data were obtained, empirical tests were carried out, and results were discussed. The final chapter in this book, therefore, summarises key research findings and discusses the potential channels through which financial sector development affects the economic growth process. The chapter further highlights contributions of this research to growth studies, discusses policy implications arising from the findings of this research, and provides directions for future research and analysis.

Israel Potter; or, Hither and Thither History

2018 ◽  
pp. 154-181
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Insko
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Israel Potter ◽  
Central Claim

The present is social: this is the central claim of Chapter 5, the book’s final chapter, which reads Herman Melville’s novel Israel Potter (1855). Formally peculiar, the novel’s erratic telling of history thus mirrors Israel’s wanderings. Both are, as the narrator says at one point of Israel, “repeatedly and rapidly …planted, torn up, transplanted, and dropped again, hither and thither.” My reading proceeds by way of an exploration of the novel’s varying uses of narrative prolepsis, its movement away from a foreshadowing that knows that is certain, and toward one that doesn’t, but that hopes. Alongside its critique of nationalist posturing, Israel Potter imagines the conditions for a kind of hopefulness, which it glimpses in forms of sociality that reside in an unspecified, perhaps even queer, “as yet.” In doing so, it anticipates the possibility of a renovated and renewed social world.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Changing Tourism Demand: Research Review and Policy Implications for South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10(1) (10(1)) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Christian Rogerson ◽  
Jayne Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
National Governments

The tourism sector in South Africa has experienced the devastating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and in response national government is charting initiatives for a recovery plan. In common with other countries the promotion of domestic tourism is a core focus. Arguably, the magnitude of the pandemic will reshape existing patterns of tourism demand and supply which need to be understood and researched for designing appropriate policy interventions. Against the backcloth of the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for recovery strategies, and the increasing focus on domestic tourism, the aim in this article is to interrogate COVID-19 impacts on the demand-side of tourism looking at changes in consumer demand and of intentions to travel. A desk top review is conducted of research produced by national governments, international organisations and of academic surveys completed in over 20 countries. The research findings are discussed in four themes, namely, (1) risk perceptions and the new tourism psyche; (2) travel intentions and changing mobilities; (3) travel intentions and changing patterns of demand; and, (4) the contactless economy and ‘untact’ tourism. The paper concludes with eight sets of policy recommendations for South Africa.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Sue Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Latin Music

In this final chapter research findings are summarized, defining a variety of distinctive New York performance aesthetics and sounds that go beyond the usual description of New York-based Latin music as being simply loud, gritty, and aggressive. Conclusions are drawn here which have implications for future studies on the history of clave-based Latin dance music, performance aesthetics, and improvisational creativity.

Why Horror Seduces

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Clasen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Horror Genre ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Horror Literature ◽  
Living Dead ◽  
Central Claim

This book explains the appeals and functions of horror entertainment by drawing on cutting-edge findings in the evolutionary social sciences, showing how the horror genre is a product of human nature. It is the first book to integrate the study of horror with the sciences of human nature and to offer a sustained analysis of the ways in which our evolutionary heritage constrains and directs horror in literature, film, and computer games. The central claim of the book is that horror entertainment works by targeting ancient and deeply conserved neurobiological mechanisms. We are attracted to horrifying entertainment because we have an adaptive tendency to find pleasure in make-believe that allows us to experience negative emotions at high levels of intensity within a safe context. This book offers a detailed theoretical account of the biological underpinnings of the paradoxically and perennially popular genre of horror. The theoretical account is bolstered with original analyses of a range of well-known and popular modern American works of horror literature and horror film to illustrate how these works target evolved cognitive and emotional mechanisms to fulfill their function of absorbing, engaging, and horrifying audiences: I Am Legend (1954), Rosemary’s Baby (1967), Night of the Living Dead (1968), Jaws (1975), The Shining (1977), Halloween (1978), and The Blair Witch Project (1999). The book’s final chapter expands the discussion to include interactive, highly immersive horror experiences offered through horror video games and commercial haunted attractions.

Defining the Information Systems Strategic Plan for Public Service Delivery in the Digital Era

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-320
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Public Service Delivery ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
It Strategic Planning

Chapter 11 is the final chapter within Section 2 and specifically addresses the issue of defining and formulating the information systems strategic plan (ISSP) for public service delivery in the digital era. This chapter commences by discussing the key objectives of an ISSP and through this discussion links the lessons learnt through the research findings from Chapter 3. The chapter also examines the IS and IT strategic planning process and identifies the inputs for defining the ISSP. Basically, this chapter links the findings from the previous chapters to the ISSP input mechanism. Once this is completed, the chapter provides a step-by-step description for defining and formulating the ISSP document that is supported by examples.

The Wealth and Poverty of Cities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Polèse
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rich Nation ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Economic Well Being

Much has been written about cities as engines of growth and prosperity. Cities have been centers of civilization since the beginning of history. A rich nation without cities is an impossibility. Yet, as this book explains, the central foundations of wealth and economic well-being are rooted in the attributes of nations and actions of national governments. If the nation does not work, nor will its cities. This book looks at the economy of cities through the lens of “The Ten Pillars of Urban Success,” covering a full range of policy concerns from top (i.e., sound macroeconomic management) to bottom (i.e., safe neighborhoods). Cities rich and poor around the world that are as different as New York, Vienna, Buenos Aires, and Port au Prince are examined. Urban success or failure almost always takes us back to the wise or unwise decisions of national and/or state governments. Urban success is about more than economics. Cities that have managed to produce livable urban environments for the majority of their citizens mirror the societies that spawned them. Similarly, cities that have failed are almost always signs of more deep-rooted failures. A socially cohesive city in a divided nation is an oxymoron. In the final chapter, the book proposes a critical look at America’s urban failures, its declining Rustbelt cities, and inner-city ghettos. Such failures should not have happened in the world’s richest nation. That they did is not only the sign of a deeper malaise, but also a warning to the wealthy urbanizing societies of tomorrow.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep K. Chhibber ◽  
Rahul Verma
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
System Change ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
Multiethnic Societies

In the final chapter, we summarize the book’s argument and discuss its contribution to the study of party politics and party system change in India. The ideological framework we develop is not static, however. Changes in economy and society will challenge the ideological premises upon which the existing parties have been competing for votes. While the main focus of the book is India, we consider the implications of this research for party system change and the study of leadership to other multiethnic societies as well. We claim that ideologies are historically and contextually rooted and notions of ideological conflict must be rooted in indigenous social and intellectual traditions.

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