SPECIFICITY OF TRANSLATION OF LINGUOSTYLISTIC MEANS OF CREATING NARRATIVE SUSPENSE IN ENGLISH HORROR LITERATURE

The scientific paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the specifics of the translation of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension in the English-language horror literature. Features of creating narrative tension in the horror literature is one of the relevant topics for linguistic research, as horror literature is becoming increasingly popular. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the specifics of the translation of linguo-stylistic features of creation of narrative tension in the English-language horror literature. Using the novel “It” by American writer of the genre “horror” Stephen King and its Ukrainian translation as the example, the specifics of translation of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension at various levels of language in translating English horror literature into modern Ukrainian literary language were also analyzed and characterized. The study revealed a wide range of linguo-stylistic features at different language levels that help create narrative tension in the text of the horror genre, which contributes to the emergence of readers' interest in the narrative and the emergence of a range of emotions. The research considers examples of the use of linguo-stylistic features of creating narrative tension in the work of the horror genre and analyzes the specifics of their translation into Ukrainian. Keywords: narrative tension; specific of translation of the literature of horror; linguistic-stylistic features of creation of the tension; specificity of translation of linguistic-stylistic features; literature of horror; linguistic-stylistic features.

The vampires of A. V. Ivanov in light of the gothic tradition of Russian Literature

The object of this research is the novel “Food Block” by A. V. Ivanov and the realization of aesthetics of the horror genre therein. The goal is to establish correlation between the gothic tradition of Russian literature and modern horror literature based on the works of the indicated authors. The article examines the influence of the gothic romantic tradition upon composition and imaginary system of A. K. Tolstoy’s novella. The material of A. V. Ivanov’s novel indicates resorting to the literary tradition on the level of composition and individual images; while overall, the historical experience accumulated by the genre over the decades and significant impact of cinematography manifested on the level of cinematographic techniques. The conclusion is made that in the novel by A. V. Ivanov, the mystical attributes of vampirism, which coincide with the pioneer symbolism, have political implications, which contradicts the horror traditions in gothics. Novellas “The Vampire” and" The Family of the Vourdalak” are the result of accumulation of gothic motifs, such as family curse, mystical house, dream, and portrait that came alive. Comparison of the techniques of creating horror literature allows tracing the paths of literary evolution, and formulating conclusions on modernization of the genre at the present stage. The novelty of this research is define by insufficient research of the topic of typological and genetic links between gothic and modern horror, namely in the works of A. V. Ivanov.

MYTHOPOETICS OF THE CEMETERY SPACE IN HORROR FICTION (Based on the Material of Modern Russian Literature)

This article deals with the locus of the cemetery in modern Russian horror. We examine approaches to the depiction of scary spaces in literature, describe the cemetery as a locus of horror, study the motives associated with the cemetery in horror, detect intermedial connections, provide interpretation of folklore and literary references. The cemetery is one of the key loci of folk culture, presented in folklore as a space of contact with the otherworldly (with the world of the dead), which explains the interest of horror authors in these ‘scary’ places. The modern literature of horror offers modifications of the image of the cemetery, their main characteristics, intertextual interaction with Russian and foreign traditions, which allow us to speak of this image as a unit of the genre canon of horror. The paper examines how exactly the image of the cemetery is presented by modern Russian authors: A. Ivanov, A. Ateev, M. Romanova, K. Alekseev, I. Lesev. We have established that various clichés of folklore and horror literature are used in connection with the locus of the cemetery. These include the motive of a ‘bad place’, the motive of reviving the dead, the motive of crossing the borders, violation of a ban/taboo. The cemetery can be viewed in a literary work as a source of supernatural horror (and even, as in Alekseev’s work, may turn into a thinking creature) or, as in Ivanov’s novels, represent a false source of danger. We conclude that the cemetery in horror becomes a place where not only worlds but also eras are connected, which reveals the important function of horror – the comprehension of the past of an individual and society. The portrayal of the cemetery in horror draws on a rich literary and folkloric tradition.

GENRE FEATURES OF HORROR LITERATURE

The article is dedicated to the study of the genre features of horror literature, its plot matrices and principles of artistic modeling of pictures of the world. The article describes the genre-creating elements that have become basis for systematization of the genre composition of horror literature. Special attention is paid to the typology of characters, the specifics of the arranging artistic time and space, as well as the features of the emotional impact on the reader as one of leading principles of genre classification of this type of fiction. After all, much of the text of the works of representatives of horror literature is devoted to the construction of artistic space and time, in order to introduce the recipient into a certain range of components of the emotional state during reading, to achieve the goal of horror literature. Namely, to scare the reader. Considerable attention is paid by the authors of this type of literature to the modeling of characters as a genre component. The article describes a set of standardized elements and attributes describing the appearance and character of the characters, which creates a "horizon of expectations" for the reader's perception. It also acts as an element of genre differentiation within the cluster of horror literature. The definition of genre varieties of this type of fiction reveals a clear conditionality of the specifics of the reception, the orientation of the author's intentions to create a certain psychological effect. Established artistic constants, which show a fairly high level of variability, serve as a figurative and plot matrix for the authors, which provides a "recognizability" of the genre addressed to a certain readership.

THE UNCANNY IN «CARMILLA» BY J. S. LE FANU IN THE CONTEXT OF NIETZSCHEAN AND PSYCHOANALYTIC PERCEPTION

The article deals with the category of uncanny as an integral part of Gothic literature in the aspect of philosophical and aesthetic views. It traces the connection between the notions of «horrible», «ugly» and «sublime», as well as the artistic embodiment of this connection in the novella about the vampires «Carmilla» by J. S. Le Fanu. Sigmund Freud’s article «The Uncanny» gave literary critics one of the key concepts that are used in the analysis of Gothic literature and literature of horror. The Uncanny, according to Freud is something strange, which disguises itself as a familiar one, it is something that should be hidden, but suddenly showed itself. In Gothic, this is usually embodied in anthropomorphic objects that resemble humans (or other living creatures), but are not in truth: dolls, mechanical toys, art images, etc. That is, the things acquire properties unusual and uncharacteristic for them. At the heart of the horror literature as a successor to a Gothic novel lays the idea of the wrongness and disharmony. In this context, Freud’s «uncanny» echoes the Kantian notion of «sublime», as well as, to a certain extent, the paradox of the ugly put forward by N. Goodman. Kant’s «sublime» is aesthetically close to Freud’s «uncanny». This is something recognisable and at the same time immense, which gives a sense of grandeur and even holiness, and hence, causes surprise, connected with awe and fear. The ideal content of the sublime is far greater than its real embodiment. Following F. Nietzsche, who advocated aesthetic relativism and considered the irrationalDionysian impulse to be no less important than the rational Apollonian one, the postmodernists rejected the aesthetic distinction between Good and Evil and, consequently, the contrast between the Beautiful and the Ugly. Thus, N. Goodman, in his paradox of the ugly, says that under certain circumstances ugly objects can be perceived as attractive ones, and the beautiful arouses disgust. And J. Kristeva believes that it is through disgust caused by the ugly that catharsis occurs as purification from existential fear. We traced the features of the artistic embodiment of horror, disgust and uncanny in «Carmilla» by J. S. Le Fanu.

Apocalyptic motifs in light of the poetics of horror (based on the prose of A. V. Ivanov)

The goal of this article consists in analysis of the novels of A.V. Ivanov “Community” and “Tobol” from the perspective of using the images of the Apocalypse. Examples of referring to apocalyptic symbolism in the prose A. V. Ivanov are demonstrated. Multiple examples of interpretation of Biblical symbolism of the Apocalypse are featured in popular culture; A. V. Ivanov uses the experience of such interpretations with regard to the genre of horror novel. The article considers the examples of realization of apocalyptic motifs, and their role in the works of A. V. Ivanov, namely motif of the end of the world and related cataclysms (including the phenomena of monsters and demons of the End of Time), spiritual apocalypse, and rise of the dead. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of the aforementioned imagery as technique of horror literature. It is proven that Ivanov refers to the images of the Apocalypse through the prism of popular culture, as well as resorts to the original strategy of interpretation of the materials, where the images of the End of Time serve as the language of consciousness of the heroes as the people of their era. The conclusion is made that apocalyptic symbolism, on the one hand manifests as the marker of horror in the genre of popular literature, while on the other hand is used by the for articulation of ethical criticism of modernity.

“Houses are alive. No?”The image of a “revived” house in English literaturein the late XIX — early XX century

In this article we will talk about the unusual topos that occurs in Victorian and Edwardian literature — the “revived” estate. Indirectly going back to Gothic literature and the “horror literature” that inherited it (where the house can come to life literally, become harmful, frightening and even mortally dangerous for the inhabitant), however, it develops in a completely different way. The ghosts that inhabit the rooms of such a mansion are the guardians of a good and bright memory, “hidden joy”; embodied by the past, who lives in a shaky, invisible world. These ghosts have many hypostases: sometimes they turn out to be just a figment of the tenant’s imagination, and sometimes they are a real poltergeist, but not frightening, but protecting and preserving (W. Woolf, “A Haunted House”). Another manifestation of this topos can be called a house that comes to life, when the hero distinguishes between the beating of his heart (as happens in the novel by E.M. Forster “Howards End”) or hears a whisper of voices in the curtains shaken by the wind. The combination of these two motives (poltergeist and living house) is also found in the works of modernists (W. Woolf, “Orlando: A Biography”). Of particular interest is the image of a revived estate house in children’s literature; in this vein, we will consider the novel by Ph. Pierce, “Tom’s Midnight Garden”.

„Ложка страху в діжці мотороші”, або кілька слів про найновішу українську антологію жахів

The release of the newest anthology of macabre short stories “Вбивство на вулиці...” (2019) affirmed the superb state of homebred horror literature. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the seventeen stories that form the aforementioned anthology. Analysis of the anthology has proven that despite a few creative shortcomings of young litterateurs, the “Вбивство на вулиці...” anthology maintains a high level of quality and deserves to be called a bestseller.