Chile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s Chile achieved rapid economic growth and improved most labour market indicators: the unemployment rate fell; the mix of employment by occupational position and sector improved; the educational level of the employed population, the percentage of registered workers, and labour earnings increased; and all poverty and inequality indicators decreased. The economy suffered a recession during the international crisis of 2008, but recovered quickly. The chapter shows that some labour market indicators were negatively affected by the crisis. The unemployment rate was the only indicator that did not return to its pre-crisis level by the end of the period studied.

El Salvador

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Output Level ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s, El Salvador experienced slow economic growth for Latin American standards. The country underwent a recession during the international crisis of 2008, but returned to pre-recession output level in 2011. Changes in labour market conditions were mixed. The unemployment rate fell, and the mix of employment by occupations, economic sector, and education improved slightly. However, the employment mix by occupational position deteriorated, and the share of registered workers and earnings decreased. Most labour indicators were affected adversely by the crisis, and some have yet to return to pre-crisis levels. Most poverty and inequality indicators fell over the period.

Paraguay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Market Indicator

During the 2000s Paraguay experienced slow economic growth but improved all labour market indicators. The growth process was erratic. Paraguay underwent a macroeconomic crisis at the beginning of the period, a recession as a consequence of the international crisis of 2008, and a local crisis in 2012. Most labour market indicators improved between 2001 and 2013 following the erratic pattern of GDP. The only labour market indicator that improved almost steadily over the period was the educational level of the employed population. All poverty and inequality indicators exhibited an erratic behaviour over time, but fell overall between 2001 and 2013.

Colombia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Market Indicator

Between 2000 and 2013, Colombia experienced rapid economic growth. The country suffered a slowdown at the beginning of the period and during the international crisis of 2008, but during both slowdowns, the growth rate never turned negative. The chapter shows that most labour market indicators improved and followed the pattern of economic growth over the period. The only labour market indicator that did not improve between 2001 and 2013 was the employment structure by occupational position. The labour market indicators that were not affected negatively by the economic crisis were labour earnings, the poverty indices, and household per capita income inequality.

Venezuela

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Early Years ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
The Business Cycle

Venezuela experienced slow economic growth during the 2000s. The economy suffered a recession in the early years of the period and during the international crisis of 2008, but most labour market indicators improved and moved along with the business cycle over the period. The chapter shows that the only indicators that did not improve were the composition of employment by occupational position and the percentage of workers registered with social security, which remained essentially unchanged. Most of the labour market indicators were affected negatively by the international crisis, and some of them had not recovered their pre-crisis levels by 2012.

Honduras

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Latin American Country ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
International Crisis

During the 2000s Honduras grew less than the average Latin American country and labour market indicators moved, in general, in a worsening direction. The only exceptions were the reduction in the unemployment rate and the improvements in the mix of employment by occupational group and educational level. The country underwent a recession as a consequence of the international crisis of 2008, from which it had not fully recovered by 2012. Most labour market indicators were affected negatively by the crisis, and the majority of them had not recovered their pre-crisis levels by 2012. Poverty has been rising steadily since 2008.

Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Per Capita

Ecuador experienced moderate economic growth during the 2000s. The economy suffered a mild recession during the international crisis of 2008, but returned to pre-recession GDP per capita level in 2010. Most labour market indicators improved over the period. The only indicator that worsened was the employment structure by occupational position. Most labour market indicators were affected negatively by the international crisis but recovered their pre-crisis levels by 2012. The only exception was labour earnings for some employment categories. With the onset of the crisis of 2008, the poverty rate stopped falling, but it regained its downward trend from 2011 onwards.

Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s, Brazil experienced slow economic growth and a substantial improvement in labour market indicators. From 2001 to 2012, Brazil grew less than the Latin American average. However, the unemployment rate decreased, the employment composition by occupational group, economic sector, and employment position improved, the educational level of workers rose, the share of registered workers increased, and average labour earnings went up. At the same time, poverty and inequality largely diminished. The international economic crisis had a mild effect on the Brazilian economy and some labour market indicators such as the unemployment rate, but the negative effects had been reversed by 2011.

scholarly journals Growth, Employment, and Poverty in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

This book examines the links between economic growth, changing employment conditions, and the reduction of poverty in Latin America in the 2000s. Its analysis answers the following broad questions: Has economic growth resulted in gains in standards of living and reductions in poverty via improved labour market conditions in Latin America in the 2000s, and have these improvements halted or been reversed since the international crisis of 2008? How do the rate and character of economic growth, changes in the various employment and earnings indicators, and changes in poverty and inequality indicators relate to each other? Our contribution is an in-depth study of the multi-pronged growth–employment–poverty nexus based on a large number of labour market indicators (twelve employment and earnings indicators and four poverty and inequality indicators) for a large number of Latin American countries (sixteen of them). The book presents a positive and hopeful set of findings for the period 2000 to 2012–13. Economic growth took place and brought about improvements in almost all labour market indicators and consequent reductions in poverty rates. But not all improvements were equal in size or caused by the same things. Some macroeconomic factors were associated with changes in labour market conditions, some of them always in the welfare-improving direction and others always in the welfare-reducing direction. Most countries in the region suffered a deterioration in at least some labour market indicators as a consequence of the international crisis of 2008, but the negative effects were reversed very quickly in most countries.

Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
General Improvement

In the 2000s, Costa Rica experienced moderate economic growth and a general improvement in labour market conditions. From 2000 to 2012, Costa Rica grew at the Latin American average. Most labour market indicators improved during 2001–9 and 2010–12 (the series with comparable data). However, the unemployment rate increased in both periods, the mix of employment by occupations polarized from 2010 to 2012, and some poverty and inequality indicators increased from 2010 to 2012. The international crisis had substantial negative effects on the economic growth rate, unemployment, poverty, and inequality indicators, and not all of them recovered after the crisis.

Bolivia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Positive Growth

During the 2000s, Bolivia experienced moderate economic growth and improved all labour market indicators. The economy suffered a slowdown as a consequence of the international crisis of 2008, but Bolivia sustained positive growth rates during that episode. The unemployment rate fell between 2000 and 2012. The composition of employment by occupational groups, occupational positions, economic sectors, and educational levels improved, and the share of registered workers increased. The chapter shows that all poverty and inequality indicators decreased substantially between 2000 and 2012. The only negative impact of the international crisis of 2008 was an interruption in the declining trend of unemployment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document