White Heat

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Steven McKevitt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Right ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 1 looks at consumption, consumerism, and the emergence of the consumer society in Britain at the end of the twentieth century. It draws out the main academic debates concerning consumption and its evolving role in society and explores changes in work, leisure, gender roles, family life, and living standards in the UK in the twentieth century. There follows an examination of the impact of the New Right and its ideology in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and also the renaissance in popular culture from the 1970s, which not only helped to drive the expansion of the mass media but was also fueled by it. It concludes with an analysis of arguments presented by critics of affluence from the post-war period to the early twenty-first century. There is particular emphasis on the role of persuasion within market economies.

Professionalism and Police Training

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel G. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Police Training ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Policing ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Uk

Chapter 1 examines the concept of professionalism, considers the Peelian principles that continue to influence policing, and discusses the nature and evolving meaning of professionalism as applied to policing. It highlights the role of the Desborough Committee in configuring twentieth century police training in the UK, and that of Vollmer’s ‘scientific police management’ in the US. It then looks at the influence of Samuel Huntington’s tenets of police professionalism on the move to a community policing emphasis in police training in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century US. The chapter closes with a discussion of the implications of private policing, neoliberalism, and procedural justice for contemporary police professionalism.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Stuart Aveyard ◽  
Paul Corthorn ◽  
Sean O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The long-term perspective taken by The Politics of Consumer Credit in the UK affords fresh evidence on a number of significant historical debates. It indicates that Britain’s departure from pathways followed in other European consumer credit markets was not simply a by-product of neo-liberalism’s influence on late-twentieth-century governments. It has also allowed us to offer important contributions on questions such as the impact of political ideologies over policymaking, the validity of a right–left framework for analysing politics, the extent to which a post-war consensus existed (and was broken after 1979), and the question of how adept British political parties were in exploiting the emergence of a more affluent electorate....

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Atkinson ◽  
Sarah Blandy
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Culture Of Fear ◽  
Contested Meanings ◽  
The Uk

Introduces the argument that in the early twenty first century the private home has become a key battleground in a social politics focused on fear, pre-emptive action and architectural fortification. Films, books, fairytales and myths are explored to underline the central importance of the home. Layers of complex and contested meanings have accreted over the basic need for shelter. The role of the home in providing haven, status and privacy, boosted today by celebrity culture, has longstanding philosophical and legal justifications. These have become embedded in everyday life, and their importance is shown through the use of metaphors emphasising the home as a kind of fortress space. We outline the idea that growing rates of homeownership in the UK, the US and Australia, encouraged by neoliberal governments, have led to a perception of housing as wealth rather than as ‘home’. At the same time the concept of a risk society has led to a widespread culture of fear, provoking a withdrawal into the home and an emphasis on control as the primary attribute of legal ownership.

Urbanization and Development: The Emergence of International Nongovernmental Organizations amid Declining States

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
York W. Bradshaw ◽  
Mark J. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
First Century ◽  
International Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact

Half of the world's population will live in cities by the early twenty-first century, and, of the ten most populated cities, nine will be in the developing world. Unfortunately, this is occurring at a time when national governments are increasingly unable to provide basic public services to growing populations. International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) have dramatically increased their efforts in urban areas and in economic and social development in general. Although sociologists have examined the causes and effects of Third World urbanization and development, they have not focused on the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in this process. We argue that inclusion of NGOs in the literature is necessary and even compatible with several current theories of development. We test the impact of INGOs on three interrelated measures of urbanization and development: overurbanization, economic growth, and access to safe water. The results show that INGOs slow overurbanization and promote economic and social development.

Ireland and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 647-664
Author(s):  
Gladys Ganiel ◽  
Martin Steven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of religion in Ireland and the United Kingdom in four stages, focusing on how divisions between Protestantism and Catholicism have contributed to political tensions and, at times, violence: (a) from the colonization of Ireland by Britain until the end of the Irish Civil War in 1923, when religion was used both to justify colonialism and to oppose it; (b) state-building in the early twentieth century, when religion impacted politics and society in ways that diverged from the wider European Christian democratic movement; (c) a period of secularization in the late twentieth century; and (d) a period of religious change, but at the same time persistence, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It concludes by examining the impact of religion on the 2016 Brexit referendum vote, arguing that Brexit has destabilized political and religious relationships between the islands, with particular reference to Northern Ireland and Scotland.

The Politics of Consumer Credit in the UK, 1938-1992

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Aveyard ◽  
Paul Corthorn ◽  
Sean O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
British History ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Consumer Durable ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Over a decade on from the ‘credit crunch’ and with recurring warnings of the potential for a repeat of that financial trauma, this book offers the first sustained historical investigation of the politics of consumer credit in modern Britain. It explains why, by the 1980s, Britain had the most diverse and liberalized consumer credit sector in Europe. This was the result of myriad factors and was not simply the product of a shift to neo-liberal thinking. The Politics of Consumer Credit in the UK explores how the UK government often struggled to manage the burgeoning consumer credit sector between the 1930s and the 1990s. Also inspected are the important role of actors with varying degrees of influence on policymaking, ranging from the Bank of England, the representatives of consumer finance associations and consumer durable manufacturers, and consumers and their spokespersons. The book’s central focus is on consumer credit, but it also provides a case study through which a number of important areas of British history can be re-examined. Issues discussed here include: the ‘post-war consensus’ and its demise; the impact of rising home ownership and its consumer credit; the rise of affluence and the responses to this of the major political parties; the management of consumer society from both a consumer protection perspective as well as in terms of macroeconomic policy; class, gender, and race and equitable access to personal financial products; and the place of consumer credit in Keynesianism, neo-liberalism, and privatized Keynesianism.

scholarly journals Sounds Real and Imagined:

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Denise Ruth Von Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Aesthetic Responses ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Libby Larsen ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In a career spanning more than four decades, American composer Libby Larsen has turned to the natural world for inspiration on dozens of occasions: her piece Up Where the Air Gets Thin is just one of the results. Unlike many of her nature-based works which provide primarily aesthetic responses to the sights, sounds, feel, and smells of the natural environment, this 1985 duet for contrabass and cello comments on the limits of non-verbal communication and the impact of climate change. It is simultaneously reflective and didactic. “Sounds Real and Imagined” considers the ways Larsen marshals minimal musical materials and a sonic vocabulary that she associates with stillness and cold, in combination with her commitment to environmental awareness and advocacy. It situates the historic 1953 ascent of Mt. Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tensing Norgay within the context of late-twentieth-century artistic responses and an early twenty-first century musicologist-listener’s consciousness.

Towards the Final Legitimation of the Party

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Formation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Dominant Influence

Chapter 3 investigates the process of party formation in France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy, and demonstrates the important role of cultural and societal premises for the development of political parties in the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid in this context to the conditions in which the two mass parties, socialists and Christian democrats, were established. A larger set of Western European countries included in this analysis is thoroughly scrutinized. Despite discontent among traditional liberal-conservative elites, full endorsement of the political party was achieved at the beginning of the twentieth century. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of the interwar totalitarian party, especially under the guise of Italian and German fascism, when ‘the party’ attained its most dominant influence as the sole source and locus of power. The chapter concludes by suggesting hidden and unaccounted heritages of that experience in post-war politics.

A Window to Internal and External Change in Banking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Proper Consideration

Chapter 1 (‘A Window to Internal and External Change in Banking’) provides a wide-arch view of the themes in the book. It highlights how in spite of being deeply embedded in our culture as an object of everyday life, the interaction with ATMs is largely inconsequential for most people. This chapter also forwards a case to study the ATM to better understand the possibilities for technological change to bring about a cashless economy. Another argument put forward is that the ATM is essential to appreciate the technological and organizational challenges that gave rise to self-service banking. As a result, the case is made that business histories of the late twentieth century will be incomplete without proper consideration to the impact of computer technology on the different aspects of business organizations.

scholarly journals Corporate headquarters in the twenty-first century: an organization design perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kunisch ◽  
Markus Menz ◽  
David Collis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corporate Headquarters ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract The corporate headquarters (CHQ) of the multi-business enterprise, which emerged as the dominant organizational form for the conduct of business in the twentieth century, has attracted considerable scholarly attention. As the business environment undergoes a fundamental transition in the twenty-first century, we believe that understanding the evolving role of the CHQ from an organization design perspective will offer unique insights into the nature of business activity in the future. The purpose of this article, in keeping with the theme of the Journal of Organization Design Special Collection, is thus to invigorate research into the CHQ. We begin by explicating four canonical questions related to the design of the CHQ. We then survey fundamental changes in the business environment occurring in the twenty-first century, and discuss their potential implications for CHQ design. When suitable here we also refer to the contributions published in our Special Collection. Finally, we put forward recommendations for advancements and new directions for future research to foster a deeper and broader understanding of the topic. We believe that we are on the cusp of a change in the CHQ as radical as that which saw its initial emergence in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. Exactly what form that change will take remains for practitioners and researchers to inform.

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