Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
Alessio Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Local Memory

This chapter deals with violence. It includes some graphic accounts of seigneurial violence. These should not be treated superficially as ‘historiographical voyeurism’ but rather considered as manifestations of the ritualistic nature of violence and assessed with regard to their impact in collective local memory. Texts reveal violence to be on the increase in the eleventh century. Also the nicknames of the lords offers a vivid testimony of their attitude toward violence. It often took on a ritual character and was designed to overawe, intimidate, and impose social superiority. Beatings, torture, torching, and rape became part of everyday experience of Italian peasantry from the late eleventh century. Other examples of seigneurial violence over small towns, such as the Frangipane in Terracina, and imperial representatives in Piacenza and Treviso follow.

Societal Competition in Northwest New Spain

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart F. Voss
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
The Town

Late in the spring of 1783, a Franciscan friar, Antonio de los Reyes, arrived in the Province of Sonora and Sinaloa, the first prelate for the newly created bishopric of Northwest New Spain. The bishop was accompanied by his young nephews, Padre José Almada y Reyes and his brother Antonio. A third brother had decided to remain behind in Spain with his parents. The brothers were hidalgos, from the town of Aspe in the province of León.New Spain was expanding northwestward and the Almada brothers were part of the large influx of peninsulares immigrating from the mother country in the latter third of the 18th century. Their uncle, the bishop, represented royal recognition and promotion of that movement. Like the Almadas, most of the immigrants coming to the Northwest were from the small towns and cities of northern Spain. They brought with them a tradition of urban life in the peninsula dating back into at least the eleventh century. For them, the town was the focal point of civilized society — the center of learning, of business, and of whatever level of culture society had achieved. Not surprisingly, they settled in the embryonic urban centers then emerging in the Province of Sonora and Sinaloa. Urban life was what they knew and what they wanted. They aimed to re-create in the Northwest what they had grown up in back home.

scholarly journals Quarter Churches of the Mediaeval Town atop Eski-Kermen Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 310-326
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Aibabin ◽  
◽  
Elzara A. Khairedinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Port Area

In the late sixth century AD, the Byzantines established a fort atop the plateau of Eski-Kermen. From the tenth to twelfth century, this structure developed into a small mediaeval town. Almost all the territory of the southern half of the plateau was occupied by a few rectangular quarters each comprising several houses. The excavations of the quarters in question unearthed four small aisleless churches of two types: I – with a rectangular hall and an apse, II – with a narthex attached to the naos with an apse. According to stratigraphic observations, the quarter churches in question were built in the tenth and eleventh century following the re-planning of many town quarters. The architectural appearance of the quarter churches of type I is reconstructed by a small model of a church carved from limestone. The churches were small buildings of rectangular ground-plan, covered with a gable roof and having a protruding semicircular apse with a vaulted roof. The roofs were covered with tiles. The walls were plastered inside; in some churches, they were additionally covered with polychrome fresco paintings. According to the proportions of the model, the height of the gable-roofed church equalled to the building length without the apse, i. e. around five meters. The ground plan, dimensions, and proportions of the church of type II are similar to those of the arcosolia church, which L. G. Kolesnikova excavated in 1963–1965 in the port area of Chersonese. From the tenth to twelfth century, aisleless churches spread through the entire area of Byzantium. According to V. M. Polevoi, wide distribution of the single type of churches from the tenth to twelfth century testifies to the development of “folk architecture.” The archaeological excavations at Eski-Kermen plateau revealed a re-planning of all the urban quarters which started from the late ninth century with the aim of the construction of quarter churches to be owned by a single family or clan. This process testifies to the strengthening of the Church’s positions even in small towns located on the imperial borderland.

Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

Transgender clients in rural areas and small towns.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Koch ◽  
Douglas Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns

Socio-economic effects of labor migration from small towns of Russia

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mkrtchyan ◽  
Y. Florinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Labor ◽  
Standardized Interview

The article examines labor migration from small Russian towns: prevalence of the phenomenon, the direction and duration of trips, spheres of employment and earnings of migrants, social and economic benefits of migration for households. The representative surveys of households and migrant-workers by a standardized interview were conducted in four selected towns. Authors draw a conclusion about high labor spatial mobility of the population of small towns and existence of positive effects for migrant’s households and the economy of towns themselves.

Comparing the management of water services in Colombia's small towns and villages

Waterlines ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Mario Alejandro Pérez Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Water Services

Improving sanitation in small towns in Latin America and the Caribbean

Waterlines ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Fred Rosensweig ◽  
Eduardo Perez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The Caribbean

Early Cinema in Scotland

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Early Cinema ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Audience

This collection of essays, drawn from a three-year AHRC research project, provides a detailed context for the history of early cinema in Scotland from its inception in 1896 till the arrival of sound in the early 1930s. It details the movement from travelling fairground shows to the establishment of permanent cinemas, and from variety and live entertainment to the dominance of the feature film. It addresses the promotion of cinema as a socially ‘useful’ entertainment, and, distinctively, it considers the early development of cinema in small towns as well as in larger cities. Using local newspapers and other archive sources, it details the evolution and the diversity of the social experience of cinema, both for picture goers and for cinema staff. In production, it examines the early attempts to establish a feature film production sector, with a detailed production history of Rob Roy (United Films, 1911), and it records the importance, both for exhibition and for social history, of ‘local topicals’. It considers the popularity of Scotland as an imaginary location for European and American films, drawing their popularity from the international audience for writers such as Walter Scott and J.M. Barrie and the ubiquity of Scottish popular song. The book concludes with a consideration of the arrival of sound in Scittish cinemas. As an afterpiece, it offers an annotated filmography of Scottish-themed feature films from 1896 to 1927, drawing evidence from synopses and reviews in contemporary trade journals.

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