Democratic Consolidation

2019 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morlino
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Democratic Quality ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter, an empirical definition of the key notion that stresses how consolidation can be seen and analysed as a process and as a result is proposed, and the differences with stabilization and institutionalization are spelled out. Then, the key conditions of the phenomenon are discussed with regards to the exclusive and inclusive legitimations, to the development of a weaker consensus as well as to the forms of anchoring (clientelism, neo-corporatism, gatekeeping role of parties, party organization, and more). The process of consolidation has also to be considered as a possible consequence of a successful transition to democracy; the different outcome in terms of a democratic crisis is also possible; and even the unfolding into a process of democratic deepening or development of democratic quality.

14. Political Parties

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morlino
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Actual Role ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter examines the role of political parties in the processes of democratization, that is, during transition, installation, and consolidation, and the possible phases of democratic crisis. It first considers the definition of a political party within the processes of democratization before discussing how parties can be indispensable for the actual working of democracy. It then explores the actual role of political parties during transitions to democracy and during democratic consolidation, and in different types of crises. It also describes basic patterns of transition to democracy as well as key elements of democratic consolidation, including electoral stabilization and emergence of recurring patterns of party competition. The chapter shows that parties are dominant in the process of transition, even if not always hegemonic.

14. Political Parties

2018 ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morlino
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Actual Role ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter examines the role of political parties in the processes of democratization, that is, during transition, installation, and consolidation, and the possible phases of democratic crisis. It first considers the definition of a political party within the processes of democratization before discussing how parties can be indispensable for the actual working of democracy. It then explores the actual role of political parties during transitions to democracy and during democratic consolidation, and in different types of crises. It also describes basic patterns of transition to democracy as well as key elements of democratic consolidation, including electoral stabilization and emergence of recurring patterns of party competition. The chapter shows that parties are dominant in the process of transition, even if not always hegemonic.

scholarly journals A Theory of Military Dictatorships

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Davide Ticchi ◽  
Andrea Vindigni
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
National Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Nondemocratic Regimes

We investigate how nondemocratic regimes use the military and how this can lead to the emergence of military dictatorships. The elite may build a strong military and make the concessions necessary for the military to behave as their perfect agent, or they may risk the military turning against them. Once the transition to democracy takes place, a strong military poses a threat against the nascent democratic regime until it is reformed. We study the role of income inequality and natural resources in the emergence of military dictatorships and show how the national defense role of the military may facilitate democratic consolidation. (JEL D72, H56)

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF DEMOCRACY IN TRANSITIVE COUNTRIES: CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Inna Tukalenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Consolidation Phase ◽  
Topical Interest ◽  
Country Specific

The article raises a problem of topical interest — establishing the fundamental causes which influence the success of democratic transition. The concept of democratic transition is used here as synonymous to its Ukrainian equivalent — establishment of democracy. Establishment of democracy is a complex, multilevel, and lasting process of transition from authoritarianism to consolidated democracy, which has both country-specific and common features. It allows scientists to categorize the features, factors, and patterns of transition dynamics in aggregate and to detect the universal characteristics of a successful transition. With that in mind the goal of the research was established — to systematize the factors that facilitate successful transition to consolidation phase and to determine their representation during transition in Ukraine. To achieve the goal the author analyzed the indexation criteria of development of different approaches and systematized the most significant of them. Apart from that, the role of protest movements in the process of transition to democracy was determined. As a result, the most significant factors of democratization were established to be economical stability, cultivation of postmaterial values (self-expression), institutionalization of civil segment and independence of legal system. It was ascertained that the most problematic zones for Ukraine are weak dynamics of growth in number of people oriented toward self-expression values and the independence of legal system.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Business Model Literature Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Novak
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Definition Of

The term ?business model' has recently attracted increased attention in the context of financial reporting and was formally introduced into the IFRS literature when IFRS 9 Financial Instruments was published in November 2009. However, IFRS 9 did not fully define the term ‘business model'. Furthermore, the literature on business models is quite diverse. It has been conducted in largely isolated fashion; therefore, no generally accepted definition of ?business model' has emerged. Therefore, a better understanding of the notion itself should be developed before further investigating its potential role within financial reporting. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the perceived key themes and to identify other bases for grouping/organizing the literature based on business models. The contributions this paper makes to the literature are twofold: first, it complements previous review papers on business models; second, it contains a clear position on the distinction between the notions of the business model and strategy, which many authors identify as a key element in better explaining and communicating the notion of the business model. In this author's opinion, the term ‘strategy' is a dynamic and forward-looking notion, a sort of directional roadmap for future courses of action, whereas, ‘business model' is a more static notion, reflecting the conceptualisation of the company's underlying core business logic. The conclusion contains the author's thoughts on the role of the business model in financial reporting.

The Role of Moral Education on the Dress Code in the Higher Learning Institution

Sains Insani ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ira Meilita Ibrahim ◽  
Taufik A. Latif ◽  
Afi Roshezry Abu Bakar ◽  
Muthualagan Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Private University ◽  
Public University ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The advancement of European dress to the rest of the world was linked to the definition of civilization as “a stage of social development considered to be more advanced” and “polite and good-mannered”. The widespread of their fashion style in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced the way the rest of the world attire. The fashion trend and dressing style thus change the purpose of dressing through time. The dressing style in campuses especially in private institutions of higher learning is under particular scrutiny, as it is often said to be inappropriate for a learning environment. This study looked at the importance of moral education, and its role in implementing the dress code for students among university students especially between two types of university i.e. public university and private university. It looked on the dressing style of students, both male and female, and the factors that lead to their dressing pattern which is common among students. This study also advocated the students’ understanding of the content of dress codes in their learning institution and the role played by moral education in regard to dress code. The overall study highlighted students’ perception towards the implementation of the dress code and punishment in their learning institution. The methodologies used to carry out this study are questionnaires and interviews. This study will therefore ascertain the important of dress code among students at higher learning institution and the role of moral education in cultivating values in order to dress properly or decently. Key Words: moral education, dress code, higher learning institution, civilization.

Two Representations of the Moscow Art Theater Audience

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-476
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Ushkarev ◽  
Galina G. Gedovius ◽  
Tatyana V. Petrushina
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Definition Of

The technological revolution of recent decades has already brought art to the broadest masses, and the unexpected intervention of the pandemic has significantly accelerated the process of migration of theatrical art to the virtual space, causing the corresponding dynamics of the audience. What is the theater audience in the era of digitalization and the spread of alternative forms of cultural consumption? How does the theater build its relationship with the audience today? In search of answers, we conducted a series of sociological surveys of the Chekhov Moscow Art Theater’s audience — both at the theater’s performances and in the online community of its fans. The purpose of this phase of the study was to answer the fundamental questions: do spectators surveyed in the theater and those surveyed online represent the same audience; what are their main differences; and what are the drivers of their spectator behavior? The article presents the main results of a comparative analysis of two images of the Moscow Art Theatre’s audience based on a number of content parameters by two types of surveys, as well as the results of a regression analysis of the theater attendance. The study resulted in definition of the qualitative and behavioral differences between the theater visitors and the viewers surveyed online, and identification of the factors of theater attendance for both of the represented audience groups. The study made it possible to clarify the role of age and other socio-demographic parameters in cultural activity, as well as the influence of preferred forms of cultural consumption (live contacts or online views) on one’s attitude to art, motivation and spectator behavior. The conclusions of the study, despite the uniqueness of the object, reflect the general patterns of the modern art audience’s dynamics.

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